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1785 lines
45 KiB
Markdown
1785 lines
45 KiB
Markdown
# Gin Web Framework
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<img align="right" width="159px" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gin-gonic/logo/master/color.png">
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[](https://travis-ci.org/gin-gonic/gin)
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[](https://codecov.io/gh/gin-gonic/gin)
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[](https://goreportcard.com/report/github.com/gin-gonic/gin)
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[](https://godoc.org/github.com/gin-gonic/gin)
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[](https://gitter.im/gin-gonic/gin?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge)
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[](https://www.codetriage.com/gin-gonic/gin)
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Gin 是一个用 Go 语言编写的 WEB 框架。它具有和 maritini 类似的 API 并拥有更好的性能, 感谢 [httprouter](https://github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter) 使它的速度提升了 40 倍。如果你需要性能和良好的生产力,你将会爱上 Gin 。
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## Contents
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- [安装](#安装)
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- [依赖](#依赖)
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- [快速开始](#快速开始)
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- [性能测试](#性能测试)
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- [Gin v1.stable](#gin-v1-stable)
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- [使用 jsoniter 构建](#使用-jsoniter-构建)
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- [API 示例](#api-示例)
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- [使用 GET,POST,PUT,PATCH,DELETE and OPTIONS](#使用-get-post-put-patch-delete-and-options)
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- [path 中的参数](#path-中的参数)
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- [请求参数](#请求参数)
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- [Multipart/Urlencoded 表单](#Multipart/Urlencoded-表单)
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- [其他示例: 请求参数 + post form](#其他示例:-请求参数--post-form)
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- [上传文件](#上传文件)
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- [组路由](#组路由)
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- [默认的没有中间件的空白 Gin](#默认的没有中间件的空白-Gin)
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- [使用中间件](#使用中间件)
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- [如何写入日志文件](#如何写入日志文件)
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- [模型绑定和验证](#模型绑定和验证)
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- [自定义验证器](#自定义验证器)
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- [只绑定查询字符串](#只绑定查询字符串)
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- [绑定查询字符串或 post 数据](#绑定查询字符串或-post-数据)
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- [绑定 HTML 复选框](#绑定-HTML-复选框)
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- [Multipart/Urlencoded 绑定](#Multipart/Urlencoded-绑定)
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- [XML, JSON 和 YAML 渲染](#XML-JSON-和-YAML-渲染)
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- [JSONP 渲染](#jsonp)
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- [静态文件服务](#静态文件服务)
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- [从 reader 提供数据](#从-reader-提供数据)
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- [HTML 渲染](#HTML-渲染)
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- [多模板](#多模板)
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- [重定向](#重定向)
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- [自定义中间件](#自定义中间件)
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- [使用 BasicAuth() 中间件](#使用-BasicAuth-中间件)
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- [在中间件中使用协成](#在中间件中使用协成)
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- [自定义 HTTP 配置](#自定义-HTTP-配置)
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- [支持 Let's Encrypt](#支持-Let's-Encrypt)
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- [使用 Gin 运行多个服务](#使用-Gin-运行多个服务)
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- [正常的重启或停止](#正常的重启或停止)
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- [使用模板构建单个二进制文件](#使用模板构建单个二进制文件)
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- [使用自定义结构绑定表单数据请求](#使用自定义结构绑定表单数据请求)
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- [尝试将 body 绑定到不同的结构中](#尝试将-body-绑定到不同的结构中)
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- [HTTP2 服务器推送](#HTTP2-服务器推送)
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- [测试](#测试)
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- [使用者](#使用者--)
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## 安装
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要安装 Gin 包,你需要先安装 Go 并且设置你的 Go 的工作工作空间。
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1. 下载并安装它:
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```sh
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$ go get -u github.com/gin-gonic/gin
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```
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2. 在你的代码中导入它:
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```go
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import "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
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```
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3. (可选的) 导入 `net/http` 。 如果你使用常量(如: `http.StatusOK` ) 的时候必须导入。
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```go
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import "net/http"
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```
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### 使用一个 vendor 工具,比如 [Govendor](https://github.com/kardianos/govendor)
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1. `go get` govendor
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```sh
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$ go get github.com/kardianos/govendor
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```
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2. 创建你的项目目录并使用 `cd` 进入
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```sh
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$ mkdir -p $GOPATH/src/github.com/myusername/project && cd "$_"
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```
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3. 初始化你的项目的 Vendor 并添加 gin
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```sh
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$ govendor init
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$ govendor fetch github.com/gin-gonic/gin@v1.2
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```
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4. 复制一个开始模板到你的项目中
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```sh
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$ curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gin-gonic/gin/master/examples/basic/main.go > main.go
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```
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5. 运行你的项目
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```sh
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$ go run main.go
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```
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## 依赖
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现在 Gin 需要 Go 1.6 或更高版本,并且它就将会需要 Go 1.7 。
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## 快速开始
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```sh
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# 假设下面代码在 example.go 文件中
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$ cat example.go
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```
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```go
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package main
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import "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
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func main() {
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r := gin.Default()
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r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
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c.JSON(200, gin.H{
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"message": "pong",
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})
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})
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r.Run() // 在 0.0.0.0:8080 上监听并服务
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}
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```
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```
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# 运行 example.go 并在浏览器上访问 0.0.0.0:8080/ping
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$ go run example.go
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```
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## 性能测试
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Gin 采用一个 [HttpRouter](https://github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter) 的自定义版本
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[查看所有性能测试](/BENCHMARKS.md)
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Benchmark name | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4)
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--------------------------------------------|-----------:|------------:|-----------:|---------:
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**BenchmarkGin_GithubAll** | **30000** | **48375** | **0** | **0**
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BenchmarkAce_GithubAll | 10000 | 134059 | 13792 | 167
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BenchmarkBear_GithubAll | 5000 | 534445 | 86448 | 943
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BenchmarkBeego_GithubAll | 3000 | 592444 | 74705 | 812
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BenchmarkBone_GithubAll | 200 | 6957308 | 698784 | 8453
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BenchmarkDenco_GithubAll | 10000 | 158819 | 20224 | 167
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BenchmarkEcho_GithubAll | 10000 | 154700 | 6496 | 203
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BenchmarkGocraftWeb_GithubAll | 3000 | 570806 | 131656 | 1686
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BenchmarkGoji_GithubAll | 2000 | 818034 | 56112 | 334
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BenchmarkGojiv2_GithubAll | 2000 | 1213973 | 274768 | 3712
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BenchmarkGoJsonRest_GithubAll | 2000 | 785796 | 134371 | 2737
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BenchmarkGoRestful_GithubAll | 300 | 5238188 | 689672 | 4519
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BenchmarkGorillaMux_GithubAll | 100 | 10257726 | 211840 | 2272
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BenchmarkHttpRouter_GithubAll | 20000 | 105414 | 13792 | 167
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BenchmarkHttpTreeMux_GithubAll | 10000 | 319934 | 65856 | 671
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BenchmarkKocha_GithubAll | 10000 | 209442 | 23304 | 843
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BenchmarkLARS_GithubAll | 20000 | 62565 | 0 | 0
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BenchmarkMacaron_GithubAll | 2000 | 1161270 | 204194 | 2000
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BenchmarkMartini_GithubAll | 200 | 9991713 | 226549 | 2325
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BenchmarkPat_GithubAll | 200 | 5590793 | 1499568 | 27435
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BenchmarkPossum_GithubAll | 10000 | 319768 | 84448 | 609
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BenchmarkR2router_GithubAll | 10000 | 305134 | 77328 | 979
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BenchmarkRivet_GithubAll | 10000 | 132134 | 16272 | 167
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BenchmarkTango_GithubAll | 3000 | 552754 | 63826 | 1618
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BenchmarkTigerTonic_GithubAll | 1000 | 1439483 | 239104 | 5374
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BenchmarkTraffic_GithubAll | 100 | 11383067 | 2659329 | 21848
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BenchmarkVulcan_GithubAll | 5000 | 394253 | 19894 | 609
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- (1): 在固定时间内重复完成的总数,数值越高的是越好的结果
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- (2): 单次重复持续时间(ns / op),越低越好
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- (3): 堆内存(B / op),越低越好
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- (4): 每次重复的平均分配(allocs / op),越低越好
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## Gin v1. stable
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- [x] 零分配路由
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- [x] 仍然是最快的 http 路由器和框架, 从路由写入。
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- [x] 完整的单元测试套件
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- [x] 对战测试
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- [x] API冻结,新版本不会破坏您的代码。
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## 使用 [jsoniter](https://github.com/json-iterator/go) 构建
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Gin 使用 `encoding/json` 作为默认的 json 包,但是你可以在构建的时候通过 tags 去使用 [jsoniter](https://github.com/json-iterator/go) 。
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```sh
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$ go build -tags=jsoniter .
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```
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## API 示例
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### 使用 GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE and OPTIONS
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```go
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func main() {
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// 禁用控制台颜色
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// gin.DisableConsoleColor()
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// 使用默认中间件创建一个 gin 路由:
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// 日志与恢复中间件(无崩溃)。
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router := gin.Default()
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router.GET("/someGet", getting)
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router.POST("/somePost", posting)
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router.PUT("/somePut", putting)
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router.DELETE("/someDelete", deleting)
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router.PATCH("/somePatch", patching)
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router.HEAD("/someHead", head)
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router.OPTIONS("/someOptions", options)
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// 默认情况下,它使用:8080,除非定义了 PORT 环境变量。
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router.Run()
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// router.Run(":3000") 硬编码端口
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}
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```
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### path 中的参数
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```go
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func main() {
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router := gin.Default()
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// 这个处理器将去匹配 /user/john , 但是它不会去匹配 /user
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router.GET("/user/:name", func(c *gin.Context) {
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name := c.Param("name")
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c.String(http.StatusOK, "Hello %s", name)
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})
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// 然而,这个将会匹配 /user/john 并且也会匹配 /user/john/send
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// 如果没有其他的路由匹配 /user/john , 它将重定向到 /user/john/
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router.GET("/user/:name/*action", func(c *gin.Context) {
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name := c.Param("name")
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action := c.Param("action")
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message := name + " is " + action
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c.String(http.StatusOK, message)
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})
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router.Run(":8080")
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}
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```
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### 请求参数
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```go
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func main() {
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router := gin.Default()
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// 请求参数使用现有的底层 request 对象解析。
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// 请求响应匹配的 URL: /welcome?firstname=Jane&lastname=Doe
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router.GET("/welcome", func(c *gin.Context) {
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firstname := c.DefaultQuery("firstname", "Guest")
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// 这个是 c.Request.URL.Query().Get("lastname") 的快捷方式。
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lastname := c.Query("lastname")
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c.String(http.StatusOK, "Hello %s %s", firstname, lastname)
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})
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router.Run(":8080")
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}
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```
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### Multipart/Urlencoded 表单
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```go
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func main() {
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router := gin.Default()
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router.POST("/form_post", func(c *gin.Context) {
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message := c.PostForm("message")
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nick := c.DefaultPostForm("nick", "anonymous")
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c.JSON(200, gin.H{
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"status": "posted",
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"message": message,
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"nick": nick,
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})
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})
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router.Run(":8080")
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}
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```
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### 其他示例: 请求参数 + post form
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```
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POST /post?id=1234&page=1 HTTP/1.1
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Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
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name=manu&message=this_is_great
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```
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```go
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func main() {
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router := gin.Default()
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router.POST("/post", func(c *gin.Context) {
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id := c.Query("id")
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page := c.DefaultQuery("page", "0")
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name := c.PostForm("name")
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message := c.PostForm("message")
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fmt.Printf("id: %s; page: %s; name: %s; message: %s", id, page, name, message)
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})
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router.Run(":8080")
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}
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```
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```
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id: 1234; page: 1; name: manu; message: this_is_great
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```
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### 上传文件
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#### 单文件
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参考 issue [#774](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/774) 与详细的 [示例代码](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/tree/master/examples/upload-file/single) 。
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```go
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func main() {
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router := gin.Default()
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// 为 multipart 表单设置一个较低的内存限制(默认是 32 MiB)
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// router.MaxMultipartMemory = 8 << 20 // 8 MiB
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router.POST("/upload", func(c *gin.Context) {
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// 单文件
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file, _ := c.FormFile("file")
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log.Println(file.Filename)
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// 上传文件到指定的 dst 。
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// c.SaveUploadedFile(file, dst)
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c.String(http.StatusOK, fmt.Sprintf("'%s' uploaded!", file.Filename))
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})
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router.Run(":8080")
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}
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```
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如何使用 `curl`:
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```bash
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curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/upload \
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-F "file=@/Users/appleboy/test.zip" \
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-H "Content-Type: multipart/form-data"
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```
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#### 多文件
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See the detail [example code](examples/upload-file/multiple).
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```go
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func main() {
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router := gin.Default()
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// 为 multipart 表单设置一个较低的内存限制(默认是 32 MiB)
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// router.MaxMultipartMemory = 8 << 20 // 8 MiB
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router.POST("/upload", func(c *gin.Context) {
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// Multipart form
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form, _ := c.MultipartForm()
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files := form.File["upload[]"]
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for _, file := range files {
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log.Println(file.Filename)
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// 上传文件到指定的 dst.
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// c.SaveUploadedFile(file, dst)
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}
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c.String(http.StatusOK, fmt.Sprintf("%d files uploaded!", len(files)))
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})
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router.Run(":8080")
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}
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```
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如何使用 `curl`:
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```bash
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curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/upload \
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-F "upload[]=@/Users/appleboy/test1.zip" \
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-F "upload[]=@/Users/appleboy/test2.zip" \
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-H "Content-Type: multipart/form-data"
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```
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### 组路由
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```go
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func main() {
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router := gin.Default()
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// 简单组: v1
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v1 := router.Group("/v1")
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{
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v1.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
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v1.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
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v1.POST("/read", readEndpoint)
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}
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// 简单组: v2
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v2 := router.Group("/v2")
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{
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v2.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
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v2.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
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v2.POST("/read", readEndpoint)
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}
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router.Run(":8080")
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}
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```
|
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|
||
### 默认的没有中间件的空白 Gin
|
||
|
||
Use
|
||
|
||
```go
|
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r := gin.New()
|
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```
|
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|
||
代替
|
||
|
||
```go
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// Default 已经连接了 Logger 和 Recovery 中间件
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r := gin.Default()
|
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```
|
||
|
||
|
||
### 使用中间件
|
||
```go
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func main() {
|
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// 创建一个默认的没有任何中间件的路由
|
||
r := gin.New()
|
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|
||
// 全局中间件
|
||
// Logger 中间件将写日志到 gin.DefaultWriter ,即使你设置 GIN_MODE=release 。
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// 默认 gin.DefaultWriter = os.Stdout
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r.Use(gin.Logger())
|
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|
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// Recovery 中间件从任何 panic 恢复,如果出现 panic,它会写一个 500 错误。
|
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r.Use(gin.Recovery())
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|
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// 每个路由的中间件, 你能添加任意数量的中间件
|
||
r.GET("/benchmark", MyBenchLogger(), benchEndpoint)
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|
||
// 授权组
|
||
// authorized := r.Group("/", AuthRequired())
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||
// 也可以这样:
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||
authorized := r.Group("/")
|
||
// 每个组的中间件! 在这个实例中,我们只需要在 "authorized" 组中
|
||
// 使用自定义创建的 AuthRequired() 中间件
|
||
authorized.Use(AuthRequired())
|
||
{
|
||
authorized.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
|
||
authorized.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
|
||
authorized.POST("/read", readEndpoint)
|
||
|
||
// nested group
|
||
testing := authorized.Group("testing")
|
||
testing.GET("/analytics", analyticsEndpoint)
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// 监听并服务于 0.0.0.0:8080
|
||
r.Run(":8080")
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 如何写入日志文件
|
||
```go
|
||
func main() {
|
||
// 禁用控制台颜色,当你将日志写入到文件的时候,你不需要控制台颜色。
|
||
gin.DisableConsoleColor()
|
||
|
||
// 写入日志的文件
|
||
f, _ := os.Create("gin.log")
|
||
gin.DefaultWriter = io.MultiWriter(f)
|
||
|
||
// 如果你需要同时写入日志文件和控制台上显示,使用下面代码
|
||
// gin.DefaultWriter = io.MultiWriter(f, os.Stdout)
|
||
|
||
router := gin.Default()
|
||
router.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
||
c.String(200, "pong")
|
||
})
|
||
|
||
router.Run(":8080")
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 模型绑定和验证
|
||
|
||
绑定一个请求主体到一个类型,使用模型绑定。我们目前支持 JSON 、 XML 和标准表单的值( foo=bar&boo=baz )的绑定。
|
||
|
||
Gin 使用 [**go-playground/validator.v8**](https://github.com/go-playground/validator) 进行验证。 在 [这里](http://godoc.org/gopkg.in/go-playground/validator.v8#hdr-Baked_In_Validators_and_Tags) 查看标签使用的完整文档。
|
||
|
||
注意: 你需要在你想要绑定的所有字段上设置相应的绑定标签。例如:当要从 JSON 绑定的时候,设置 `json:"fieldname"` 。
|
||
|
||
此外, Gin 提供了两组绑定方法:
|
||
|
||
- **类型** - Must bind
|
||
- **方法** - `Bind`, `BindJSON`, `BindQuery`
|
||
- **行为** - 这些方法在 `MustBindWith` 引擎下面使用。如果存在绑定错误, 请求通过 `c.AbortWithError(400, err).SetType(ErrorTypeBind)` 被终止。 这组响应的状态吗被设置成 400 ,并将 `Content-Type` 头设置成 `text/plain; charset=utf-8` 。注意: 如果你尝试在这个之后去设置响应码,它会发出一个警告 `[GIN-debug] [WARNING] Headers were already written. Wanted to override status code 400 with 422` 。 如果你希望更好的控制行为, 请考虑使用 `ShouldBind` 等效的方法。
|
||
- **类型** - Should bind
|
||
- **方法** - `ShouldBind`, `ShouldBindJSON`, `ShouldBindQuery`
|
||
- **行为** - 这些方法在 `ShouldBindWith` 引擎下使用。 如果存在绑定错误,这个错误会被返回, 需要开发者去处理相应的请求和错误。
|
||
|
||
当使用绑定方式时, Gin 会尝试通过 Content-Type 推断出绑定器的依赖,如果你要明确你绑定的什么,可以使用 `MustBindWith` 或 `ShouldBindWith` 。
|
||
|
||
你也可以指定需要指定的字段。如果一个字段使用 `binding:"required"` 修饰,并且当绑定的时候是一个空值的时候,将会返回一个错误。
|
||
|
||
```go
|
||
// 从 JSON 绑定
|
||
type Login struct {
|
||
User string `form:"user" json:"user" binding:"required"`
|
||
Password string `form:"password" json:"password" binding:"required"`
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
func main() {
|
||
router := gin.Default()
|
||
|
||
// 绑定 JSON 的示例 ({"user": "manu", "password": "123"})
|
||
router.POST("/loginJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
||
var json Login
|
||
if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&json); err == nil {
|
||
if json.User == "manu" && json.Password == "123" {
|
||
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
|
||
} else {
|
||
c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
|
||
}
|
||
} else {
|
||
c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
|
||
}
|
||
})
|
||
|
||
// 一个 HTML 表单绑定的示例 (user=manu&password=123)
|
||
router.POST("/loginForm", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
||
var form Login
|
||
// 这个将通过 content-type 头去推断绑定器使用哪个依赖。
|
||
if err := c.ShouldBind(&form); err == nil {
|
||
if form.User == "manu" && form.Password == "123" {
|
||
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
|
||
} else {
|
||
c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
|
||
}
|
||
} else {
|
||
c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
|
||
}
|
||
})
|
||
|
||
// 监听并服务于 0.0.0.0:8080
|
||
router.Run(":8080")
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**请求样本**
|
||
```shell
|
||
$ curl -v -X POST \
|
||
http://localhost:8080/loginJSON \
|
||
-H 'content-type: application/json' \
|
||
-d '{ "user": "manu" }'
|
||
> POST /loginJSON HTTP/1.1
|
||
> Host: localhost:8080
|
||
> User-Agent: curl/7.51.0
|
||
> Accept: */*
|
||
> content-type: application/json
|
||
> Content-Length: 18
|
||
>
|
||
* upload completely sent off: 18 out of 18 bytes
|
||
< HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request
|
||
< Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
|
||
< Date: Fri, 04 Aug 2017 03:51:31 GMT
|
||
< Content-Length: 100
|
||
<
|
||
{"error":"Key: 'Login.Password' Error:Field validation for 'Password' failed on the 'required' tag"}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**跳过验证**
|
||
|
||
当在命令行上使用 `curl` 运行上面的示例时,它会返回一个错误。因为示例给 `Password` 绑定了 `binding:"required"` 。如果 `Password` 使用 `binding:"-"` ,然后再次运行上面的示例,它将不会返回错误。
|
||
|
||
### 自定义验证器
|
||
|
||
也可以注册自定义验证器。 参见 [示例代码](examples/custom-validation/server.go) 。
|
||
|
||
[embedmd]:# (examples/custom-validation/server.go go)
|
||
```go
|
||
package main
|
||
|
||
import (
|
||
"net/http"
|
||
"reflect"
|
||
"time"
|
||
|
||
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
|
||
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin/binding"
|
||
"gopkg.in/go-playground/validator.v8"
|
||
)
|
||
|
||
type Booking struct {
|
||
CheckIn time.Time `form:"check_in" binding:"required,bookabledate" time_format:"2006-01-02"`
|
||
CheckOut time.Time `form:"check_out" binding:"required,gtfield=CheckIn" time_format:"2006-01-02"`
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
func bookableDate(
|
||
v *validator.Validate, topStruct reflect.Value, currentStructOrField reflect.Value,
|
||
field reflect.Value, fieldType reflect.Type, fieldKind reflect.Kind, param string,
|
||
) bool {
|
||
if date, ok := field.Interface().(time.Time); ok {
|
||
today := time.Now()
|
||
if today.Year() > date.Year() || today.YearDay() > date.YearDay() {
|
||
return false
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
return true
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
func main() {
|
||
route := gin.Default()
|
||
|
||
if v, ok := binding.Validator.Engine().(*validator.Validate); ok {
|
||
v.RegisterValidation("bookabledate", bookableDate)
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
route.GET("/bookable", getBookable)
|
||
route.Run(":8085")
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
func getBookable(c *gin.Context) {
|
||
var b Booking
|
||
if err := c.ShouldBindWith(&b, binding.Query); err == nil {
|
||
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "Booking dates are valid!"})
|
||
} else {
|
||
c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
```console
|
||
$ curl "localhost:8085/bookable?check_in=2018-04-16&check_out=2018-04-17"
|
||
{"message":"Booking dates are valid!"}
|
||
|
||
$ curl "localhost:8085/bookable?check_in=2018-03-08&check_out=2018-03-09"
|
||
{"error":"Key: 'Booking.CheckIn' Error:Field validation for 'CheckIn' failed on the 'bookabledate' tag"}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
[结构级别的验证](https://github.com/go-playground/validator/releases/tag/v8.7) 也可以这样注册。
|
||
查看 [示例 struct-lvl-validation ](examples/struct-lvl-validations) 学习更多。
|
||
|
||
### 只绑定查询字符串
|
||
|
||
`ShouldBindQuery` 函数只绑定查询参数并且没有 post 数据。查看 [详细信息](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/742#issuecomment-315953017).
|
||
|
||
```go
|
||
package main
|
||
|
||
import (
|
||
"log"
|
||
|
||
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
|
||
)
|
||
|
||
type Person struct {
|
||
Name string `form:"name"`
|
||
Address string `form:"address"`
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
func main() {
|
||
route := gin.Default()
|
||
route.Any("/testing", startPage)
|
||
route.Run(":8085")
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
func startPage(c *gin.Context) {
|
||
var person Person
|
||
if c.ShouldBindQuery(&person) == nil {
|
||
log.Println("====== Only Bind By Query String ======")
|
||
log.Println(person.Name)
|
||
log.Println(person.Address)
|
||
}
|
||
c.String(200, "Success")
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 绑定查询字符串或 post 数据
|
||
|
||
查看 [详细信息](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/742#issuecomment-264681292).
|
||
|
||
```go
|
||
package main
|
||
|
||
import "log"
|
||
import "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
|
||
import "time"
|
||
|
||
type Person struct {
|
||
Name string `form:"name"`
|
||
Address string `form:"address"`
|
||
Birthday time.Time `form:"birthday" time_format:"2006-01-02" time_utc:"1"`
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
func main() {
|
||
route := gin.Default()
|
||
route.GET("/testing", startPage)
|
||
route.Run(":8085")
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
func startPage(c *gin.Context) {
|
||
var person Person
|
||
// 如果是 `GET`, 只使用 `Form` 绑定引擎 (`query`) 。
|
||
// 如果 `POST`, 首先检查 `content-type` 为 `JSON` 或 `XML`, 然后使用 `Form` (`form-data`) 。
|
||
// 在这里查看更多信息 https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/blob/master/binding/binding.go#L48
|
||
if c.ShouldBind(&person) == nil {
|
||
log.Println(person.Name)
|
||
log.Println(person.Address)
|
||
log.Println(person.Birthday)
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
c.String(200, "Success")
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
测试它:
|
||
```sh
|
||
$ curl -X GET "localhost:8085/testing?name=appleboy&address=xyz&birthday=1992-03-15"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 绑定 HTML 复选框
|
||
|
||
查看 [详细信息](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/129#issuecomment-124260092)
|
||
|
||
main.go
|
||
|
||
```go
|
||
...
|
||
|
||
type myForm struct {
|
||
Colors []string `form:"colors[]"`
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
...
|
||
|
||
func formHandler(c *gin.Context) {
|
||
var fakeForm myForm
|
||
c.ShouldBind(&fakeForm)
|
||
c.JSON(200, gin.H{"color": fakeForm.Colors})
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
...
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
form.html
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
<form action="/" method="POST">
|
||
<p>Check some colors</p>
|
||
<label for="red">Red</label>
|
||
<input type="checkbox" name="colors[]" value="red" id="red" />
|
||
<label for="green">Green</label>
|
||
<input type="checkbox" name="colors[]" value="green" id="green" />
|
||
<label for="blue">Blue</label>
|
||
<input type="checkbox" name="colors[]" value="blue" id="blue" />
|
||
<input type="submit" />
|
||
</form>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
result:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
{"color":["red","green","blue"]}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Multipart/Urlencoded 绑定
|
||
|
||
```go
|
||
package main
|
||
|
||
import (
|
||
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
|
||
)
|
||
|
||
type LoginForm struct {
|
||
User string `form:"user" binding:"required"`
|
||
Password string `form:"password" binding:"required"`
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
func main() {
|
||
router := gin.Default()
|
||
router.POST("/login", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
||
// 你可以使用显示绑定声明绑定 multipart 表单:
|
||
// c.ShouldBindWith(&form, binding.Form
|
||
// 或者你可以使用 ShouldBind 方法去简单的使用自动绑定:
|
||
var form LoginForm
|
||
// 在这种情况下,将自动选择适合的绑定
|
||
if c.ShouldBind(&form) == nil {
|
||
if form.User == "user" && form.Password == "password" {
|
||
c.JSON(200, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
|
||
} else {
|
||
c.JSON(401, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
})
|
||
router.Run(":8080")
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
测试它:
|
||
```sh
|
||
$ curl -v --form user=user --form password=password http://localhost:8080/login
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### XML, JSON 和 YAML 渲染
|
||
|
||
```go
|
||
func main() {
|
||
r := gin.Default()
|
||
|
||
// gin.H 是一个 map[string]interface{} 的快捷方式
|
||
r.GET("/someJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
||
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})
|
||
})
|
||
|
||
r.GET("/moreJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
||
// 你也可以使用一个结构
|
||
var msg struct {
|
||
Name string `json:"user"`
|
||
Message string
|
||
Number int
|
||
}
|
||
msg.Name = "Lena"
|
||
msg.Message = "hey"
|
||
msg.Number = 123
|
||
// 注意 msg.Name 在 JSON 中会变成 "user"
|
||
// 将会输出: {"user": "Lena", "Message": "hey", "Number": 123}
|
||
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, msg)
|
||
})
|
||
|
||
r.GET("/someXML", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
||
c.XML(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})
|
||
})
|
||
|
||
r.GET("/someYAML", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
||
c.YAML(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})
|
||
})
|
||
|
||
// 监听并服务于 0.0.0.0:8080
|
||
r.Run(":8080")
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### SecureJSON
|
||
|
||
使用 SecureJSON 来防止 json 劫持。如果给定的结构体是数组值,默认预置 `"while(1),"` 到 response body 。
|
||
|
||
```go
|
||
func main() {
|
||
r := gin.Default()
|
||
|
||
// 你也可以使用自己的安装 json 前缀
|
||
// r.SecureJsonPrefix(")]}',\n")
|
||
|
||
r.GET("/someJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
||
names := []string{"lena", "austin", "foo"}
|
||
|
||
// 将会输出 : while(1);["lena","austin","foo"]
|
||
c.SecureJSON(http.StatusOK, names)
|
||
})
|
||
|
||
// 监听并服务于 0.0.0.0:8080
|
||
r.Run(":8080")
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
#### JSONP
|
||
|
||
在不同的域中使用 JSONP 从一个服务器请求数据。如果请求参数中存在 callback,添加 callback 到 response body 。
|
||
|
||
```go
|
||
func main() {
|
||
r := gin.Default()
|
||
|
||
r.GET("/JSONP?callback=x", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
||
data := map[string]interface{}{
|
||
"foo": "bar",
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
//callback 是 x
|
||
// 将会输出 : x({\"foo\":\"bar\"})
|
||
c.JSONP(http.StatusOK, data)
|
||
})
|
||
|
||
// 监听并服务于 0.0.0.0:8080
|
||
r.Run(":8080")
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### AsciiJSON
|
||
|
||
使用 AsciiJSON 为非 ASCII 字符生成仅有 ASCII 字符的 JSON 。
|
||
|
||
```go
|
||
func main() {
|
||
r := gin.Default()
|
||
|
||
r.GET("/someJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
||
data := map[string]interface{}{
|
||
"lang": "GO语言",
|
||
"tag": "<br>",
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// 将会输出 : {"lang":"GO\u8bed\u8a00","tag":"\u003cbr\u003e"}
|
||
c.AsciiJSON(http.StatusOK, data)
|
||
})
|
||
|
||
// 监听并服务于 0.0.0.0:8080
|
||
r.Run(":8080")
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 静态文件服务
|
||
|
||
```go
|
||
func main() {
|
||
router := gin.Default()
|
||
router.Static("/assets", "./assets")
|
||
router.StaticFS("/more_static", http.Dir("my_file_system"))
|
||
router.StaticFile("/favicon.ico", "./resources/favicon.ico")
|
||
|
||
// 监听并服务于 0.0.0.0:8080
|
||
router.Run(":8080")
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 从 reader 提供数据
|
||
|
||
```go
|
||
func main() {
|
||
router := gin.Default()
|
||
router.GET("/someDataFromReader", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
||
response, err := http.Get("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gin-gonic/logo/master/color.png")
|
||
if err != nil || response.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
|
||
c.Status(http.StatusServiceUnavailable)
|
||
return
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
reader := response.Body
|
||
contentLength := response.ContentLength
|
||
contentType := response.Header.Get("Content-Type")
|
||
|
||
extraHeaders := map[string]string{
|
||
"Content-Disposition": `attachment; filename="gopher.png"`,
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
c.DataFromReader(http.StatusOK, contentLength, contentType, reader, extraHeaders)
|
||
})
|
||
router.Run(":8080")
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### HTML 渲染
|
||
|
||
使用 LoadHTMLGlob() 或 LoadHTMLFiles()
|
||
|
||
```go
|
||
func main() {
|
||
router := gin.Default()
|
||
router.LoadHTMLGlob("templates/*")
|
||
//router.LoadHTMLFiles("templates/template1.html", "templates/template2.html")
|
||
router.GET("/index", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
||
c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "index.tmpl", gin.H{
|
||
"title": "Main website",
|
||
})
|
||
})
|
||
router.Run(":8080")
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
templates/index.tmpl
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
<html>
|
||
<h1>
|
||
{{ .title }}
|
||
</h1>
|
||
</html>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
在不同的目录使用具有相同名称的模板
|
||
|
||
```go
|
||
func main() {
|
||
router := gin.Default()
|
||
router.LoadHTMLGlob("templates/**/*")
|
||
router.GET("/posts/index", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
||
c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "posts/index.tmpl", gin.H{
|
||
"title": "Posts",
|
||
})
|
||
})
|
||
router.GET("/users/index", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
||
c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "users/index.tmpl", gin.H{
|
||
"title": "Users",
|
||
})
|
||
})
|
||
router.Run(":8080")
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
templates/posts/index.tmpl
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
{{ define "posts/index.tmpl" }}
|
||
<html><h1>
|
||
{{ .title }}
|
||
</h1>
|
||
<p>Using posts/index.tmpl</p>
|
||
</html>
|
||
{{ end }}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
templates/users/index.tmpl
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
{{ define "users/index.tmpl" }}
|
||
<html><h1>
|
||
{{ .title }}
|
||
</h1>
|
||
<p>Using users/index.tmpl</p>
|
||
</html>
|
||
{{ end }}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### 自定义模板渲染器
|
||
|
||
你也可以使用你自己的 HTML 模板渲染
|
||
|
||
```go
|
||
import "html/template"
|
||
|
||
func main() {
|
||
router := gin.Default()
|
||
html := template.Must(template.ParseFiles("file1", "file2"))
|
||
router.SetHTMLTemplate(html)
|
||
router.Run(":8080")
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### 自定义分隔符
|
||
|
||
你可以使用自定义分隔符
|
||
|
||
```go
|
||
r := gin.Default()
|
||
r.Delims("{[{", "}]}")
|
||
r.LoadHTMLGlob("/path/to/templates"))
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### 自定义模板函数
|
||
|
||
查看详细的 [示例代码](examples/template).
|
||
|
||
main.go
|
||
|
||
```go
|
||
import (
|
||
"fmt"
|
||
"html/template"
|
||
"net/http"
|
||
"time"
|
||
|
||
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
|
||
)
|
||
|
||
func formatAsDate(t time.Time) string {
|
||
year, month, day := t.Date()
|
||
return fmt.Sprintf("%d%02d/%02d", year, month, day)
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
func main() {
|
||
router := gin.Default()
|
||
router.Delims("{[{", "}]}")
|
||
router.SetFuncMap(template.FuncMap{
|
||
"formatAsDate": formatAsDate,
|
||
})
|
||
router.LoadHTMLFiles("./fixtures/basic/raw.tmpl")
|
||
|
||
router.GET("/raw", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
||
c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "raw.tmpl", map[string]interface{}{
|
||
"now": time.Date(2017, 07, 01, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
|
||
})
|
||
})
|
||
|
||
router.Run(":8080")
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
raw.tmpl
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
Date: {[{.now | formatAsDate}]}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Result:
|
||
```
|
||
Date: 2017/07/01
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 多模板
|
||
|
||
Gin 允许默认只使用一个 html.Template 。查看 [多模板渲染](https://github.com/gin-contrib/multitemplate) 的使用详情,类似 go 1.6 `block template`
|
||
|
||
### 重定向
|
||
|
||
发出一个 HTTP 重定向非常容易, 同时支持内部和外部地址。
|
||
|
||
```go
|
||
r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
||
c.Redirect(http.StatusMovedPermanently, "http://www.google.com/")
|
||
})
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
发出路由重定向,使用下面示例中的 `HandleContext` 。
|
||
|
||
``` go
|
||
r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
||
c.Request.URL.Path = "/test2"
|
||
r.HandleContext(c)
|
||
})
|
||
r.GET("/test2", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
||
c.JSON(200, gin.H{"hello": "world"})
|
||
})
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
### 自定义中间件
|
||
|
||
```go
|
||
func Logger() gin.HandlerFunc {
|
||
return func(c *gin.Context) {
|
||
t := time.Now()
|
||
|
||
// 设置简单的变量
|
||
c.Set("example", "12345")
|
||
|
||
// 在请求之前
|
||
|
||
c.Next()
|
||
|
||
// 在请求之后
|
||
latency := time.Since(t)
|
||
log.Print(latency)
|
||
|
||
// 记录我们的访问状态
|
||
status := c.Writer.Status()
|
||
log.Println(status)
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
func main() {
|
||
r := gin.New()
|
||
r.Use(Logger())
|
||
|
||
r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
||
example := c.MustGet("example").(string)
|
||
|
||
// 它将打印: "12345"
|
||
log.Println(example)
|
||
})
|
||
|
||
// 监听并服务于 0.0.0.0:8080
|
||
r.Run(":8080")
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 使用 BasicAuth() 中间件
|
||
|
||
```go
|
||
// 模拟一些私有的数据
|
||
var secrets = gin.H{
|
||
"foo": gin.H{"email": "foo@bar.com", "phone": "123433"},
|
||
"austin": gin.H{"email": "austin@example.com", "phone": "666"},
|
||
"lena": gin.H{"email": "lena@guapa.com", "phone": "523443"},
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
func main() {
|
||
r := gin.Default()
|
||
|
||
// 在组中使用 gin.BasicAuth() 中间件
|
||
// gin.Accounts 是 map[string]string 的快捷方式
|
||
authorized := r.Group("/admin", gin.BasicAuth(gin.Accounts{
|
||
"foo": "bar",
|
||
"austin": "1234",
|
||
"lena": "hello2",
|
||
"manu": "4321",
|
||
}))
|
||
|
||
// /admin/secrets 结尾
|
||
// 点击 "localhost:8080/admin/secrets
|
||
authorized.GET("/secrets", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
||
// 获取 user, 它是由 BasicAuth 中间件设置的
|
||
user := c.MustGet(gin.AuthUserKey).(string)
|
||
if secret, ok := secrets[user]; ok {
|
||
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"user": user, "secret": secret})
|
||
} else {
|
||
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"user": user, "secret": "NO SECRET :("})
|
||
}
|
||
})
|
||
|
||
// 监听并服务于 0.0.0.0:8080
|
||
r.Run(":8080")
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 在中间件中使用协成
|
||
|
||
在一个中间件或处理器中启动一个新的协成时,你 **不应该** 使用它里面的原始的 context ,只能去使用它的只读副本。
|
||
|
||
```go
|
||
func main() {
|
||
r := gin.Default()
|
||
|
||
r.GET("/long_async", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
||
// 创建在协成中使用的副本
|
||
cCp := c.Copy()
|
||
go func() {
|
||
// 使用 time.Sleep() 休眠 5 秒,模拟一个用时长的任务。
|
||
time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
|
||
|
||
// 注意,你使用的是复制的 context "cCp" ,重要
|
||
log.Println("Done! in path " + cCp.Request.URL.Path)
|
||
}()
|
||
})
|
||
|
||
r.GET("/long_sync", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
||
// 使用 time.Sleep() 休眠 5 秒,模拟一个用时长的任务。
|
||
time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
|
||
|
||
// 因为我们没有使用协成,我们不需要复制 context
|
||
log.Println("Done! in path " + c.Request.URL.Path)
|
||
})
|
||
|
||
// 监听并服务于 0.0.0.0:8080
|
||
r.Run(":8080")
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 自定义 HTTP 配置
|
||
|
||
直接使用 `http.ListenAndServe()` ,像这样:
|
||
|
||
```go
|
||
func main() {
|
||
router := gin.Default()
|
||
http.ListenAndServe(":8080", router)
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
或
|
||
|
||
```go
|
||
func main() {
|
||
router := gin.Default()
|
||
|
||
s := &http.Server{
|
||
Addr: ":8080",
|
||
Handler: router,
|
||
ReadTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
|
||
WriteTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
|
||
MaxHeaderBytes: 1 << 20,
|
||
}
|
||
s.ListenAndServe()
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 支持 Let's Encrypt
|
||
|
||
一个 LetsEncrypt HTTPS 服务器的示例。
|
||
|
||
[embedmd]:# (examples/auto-tls/example1/main.go go)
|
||
```go
|
||
package main
|
||
|
||
import (
|
||
"log"
|
||
|
||
"github.com/gin-gonic/autotls"
|
||
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
|
||
)
|
||
|
||
func main() {
|
||
r := gin.Default()
|
||
|
||
// Ping 处理器
|
||
r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
||
c.String(200, "pong")
|
||
})
|
||
|
||
log.Fatal(autotls.Run(r, "example1.com", "example2.com"))
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
自定义 autocert 管理器示例。
|
||
|
||
[embedmd]:# (examples/auto-tls/example2/main.go go)
|
||
```go
|
||
package main
|
||
|
||
import (
|
||
"log"
|
||
|
||
"github.com/gin-gonic/autotls"
|
||
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
|
||
"golang.org/x/crypto/acme/autocert"
|
||
)
|
||
|
||
func main() {
|
||
r := gin.Default()
|
||
|
||
// Ping handler
|
||
r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
||
c.String(200, "pong")
|
||
})
|
||
|
||
m := autocert.Manager{
|
||
Prompt: autocert.AcceptTOS,
|
||
HostPolicy: autocert.HostWhitelist("example1.com", "example2.com"),
|
||
Cache: autocert.DirCache("/var/www/.cache"),
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
log.Fatal(autotls.RunWithManager(r, &m))
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 使用 Gin 运行多个服务
|
||
|
||
查看 [问题](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/346) 并尝试下面示例:
|
||
|
||
[embedmd]:# (examples/multiple-service/main.go go)
|
||
```go
|
||
package main
|
||
|
||
import (
|
||
"log"
|
||
"net/http"
|
||
"time"
|
||
|
||
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
|
||
"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
|
||
)
|
||
|
||
var (
|
||
g errgroup.Group
|
||
)
|
||
|
||
func router01() http.Handler {
|
||
e := gin.New()
|
||
e.Use(gin.Recovery())
|
||
e.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
||
c.JSON(
|
||
http.StatusOK,
|
||
gin.H{
|
||
"code": http.StatusOK,
|
||
"error": "Welcome server 01",
|
||
},
|
||
)
|
||
})
|
||
|
||
return e
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
func router02() http.Handler {
|
||
e := gin.New()
|
||
e.Use(gin.Recovery())
|
||
e.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
||
c.JSON(
|
||
http.StatusOK,
|
||
gin.H{
|
||
"code": http.StatusOK,
|
||
"error": "Welcome server 02",
|
||
},
|
||
)
|
||
})
|
||
|
||
return e
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
func main() {
|
||
server01 := &http.Server{
|
||
Addr: ":8080",
|
||
Handler: router01(),
|
||
ReadTimeout: 5 * time.Second,
|
||
WriteTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
server02 := &http.Server{
|
||
Addr: ":8081",
|
||
Handler: router02(),
|
||
ReadTimeout: 5 * time.Second,
|
||
WriteTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
g.Go(func() error {
|
||
return server01.ListenAndServe()
|
||
})
|
||
|
||
g.Go(func() error {
|
||
return server02.ListenAndServe()
|
||
})
|
||
|
||
if err := g.Wait(); err != nil {
|
||
log.Fatal(err)
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 正常的重启或停止
|
||
|
||
你想正常的重启或停止你的 web 服务器吗?
|
||
有一些方法可以做到。
|
||
|
||
我们能使用 [fvbock/endless](https://github.com/fvbock/endless) 去替换默认的 `ListenAndServe`. 参考 issue [#296](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/296) 了解更多细节。
|
||
|
||
```go
|
||
router := gin.Default()
|
||
router.GET("/", handler)
|
||
// [...]
|
||
endless.ListenAndServe(":4242", router)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
另外一些替代方案:
|
||
|
||
* [manners](https://github.com/braintree/manners) : 一个有礼貌的 Go HTTP服务器,它可以正常的关闭。
|
||
* [graceful](https://github.com/tylerb/graceful) : Graceful 是一个 Go 包,它可以正常的关闭一个 http.Handler 服务器。
|
||
* [grace](https://github.com/facebookgo/grace) : 正常的重启 & Go 服务器零停机部署。
|
||
|
||
如果你使用的是 Go 1.8,你可能不需要使用这些库!考虑使用 http.Server 内置的 [Shutdown()](https://golang.org/pkg/net/http/#Server.Shutdown) 方法正常关闭。查看 Gin 中完整的 [graceful-shutdown](./examples/graceful-shutdown) 示例。
|
||
|
||
[embedmd]:# (examples/graceful-shutdown/graceful-shutdown/server.go go)
|
||
```go
|
||
// +build go1.8
|
||
|
||
package main
|
||
|
||
import (
|
||
"context"
|
||
"log"
|
||
"net/http"
|
||
"os"
|
||
"os/signal"
|
||
"time"
|
||
|
||
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
|
||
)
|
||
|
||
func main() {
|
||
router := gin.Default()
|
||
router.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
||
time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
|
||
c.String(http.StatusOK, "Welcome Gin Server")
|
||
})
|
||
|
||
srv := &http.Server{
|
||
Addr: ":8080",
|
||
Handler: router,
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
go func() {
|
||
// 连接服务器
|
||
if err := srv.ListenAndServe(); err != nil && err != http.ErrServerClosed {
|
||
log.Fatalf("listen: %s\n", err)
|
||
}
|
||
}()
|
||
|
||
// 等待中断信号超时 5 秒正常关闭服务器
|
||
quit := make(chan os.Signal)
|
||
signal.Notify(quit, os.Interrupt)
|
||
<-quit
|
||
log.Println("Shutdown Server ...")
|
||
|
||
ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
|
||
defer cancel()
|
||
if err := srv.Shutdown(ctx); err != nil {
|
||
log.Fatal("Server Shutdown:", err)
|
||
}
|
||
log.Println("Server exiting")
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 使用模板构建单个二进制文件
|
||
|
||
你可以使用 [go-assets](https://github.com/jessevdk/go-assets) 将服务器构建到一个包含模板的单独的二进制文件中。
|
||
|
||
```go
|
||
func main() {
|
||
r := gin.New()
|
||
|
||
t, err := loadTemplate()
|
||
if err != nil {
|
||
panic(err)
|
||
}
|
||
r.SetHTMLTemplate(t)
|
||
|
||
r.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
||
c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "/html/index.tmpl",nil)
|
||
})
|
||
r.Run(":8080")
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// loadTemplate 加载 go-assets-builder 嵌入的模板
|
||
func loadTemplate() (*template.Template, error) {
|
||
t := template.New("")
|
||
for name, file := range Assets.Files {
|
||
if file.IsDir() || !strings.HasSuffix(name, ".tmpl") {
|
||
continue
|
||
}
|
||
h, err := ioutil.ReadAll(file)
|
||
if err != nil {
|
||
return nil, err
|
||
}
|
||
t, err = t.New(name).Parse(string(h))
|
||
if err != nil {
|
||
return nil, err
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
return t, nil
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
在 `examples/assets-in-binary` 中查看一个完成的示例。
|
||
|
||
### 使用自定义结构绑定表单数据请求
|
||
|
||
下面示例使用自定义结构:
|
||
|
||
```go
|
||
type StructA struct {
|
||
FieldA string `form:"field_a"`
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
type StructB struct {
|
||
NestedStruct StructA
|
||
FieldB string `form:"field_b"`
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
type StructC struct {
|
||
NestedStructPointer *StructA
|
||
FieldC string `form:"field_c"`
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
type StructD struct {
|
||
NestedAnonyStruct struct {
|
||
FieldX string `form:"field_x"`
|
||
}
|
||
FieldD string `form:"field_d"`
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
func GetDataB(c *gin.Context) {
|
||
var b StructB
|
||
c.Bind(&b)
|
||
c.JSON(200, gin.H{
|
||
"a": b.NestedStruct,
|
||
"b": b.FieldB,
|
||
})
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
func GetDataC(c *gin.Context) {
|
||
var b StructC
|
||
c.Bind(&b)
|
||
c.JSON(200, gin.H{
|
||
"a": b.NestedStructPointer,
|
||
"c": b.FieldC,
|
||
})
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
func GetDataD(c *gin.Context) {
|
||
var b StructD
|
||
c.Bind(&b)
|
||
c.JSON(200, gin.H{
|
||
"x": b.NestedAnonyStruct,
|
||
"d": b.FieldD,
|
||
})
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
func main() {
|
||
r := gin.Default()
|
||
r.GET("/getb", GetDataB)
|
||
r.GET("/getc", GetDataC)
|
||
r.GET("/getd", GetDataD)
|
||
|
||
r.Run()
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
命令行中使用 `curl` 命令的结果:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ curl "http://localhost:8080/getb?field_a=hello&field_b=world"
|
||
{"a":{"FieldA":"hello"},"b":"world"}
|
||
$ curl "http://localhost:8080/getc?field_a=hello&field_c=world"
|
||
{"a":{"FieldA":"hello"},"c":"world"}
|
||
$ curl "http://localhost:8080/getd?field_x=hello&field_d=world"
|
||
{"d":"world","x":{"FieldX":"hello"}}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**注意**: 不支持下面风格的结构:
|
||
|
||
```go
|
||
type StructX struct {
|
||
X struct {} `form:"name_x"` // HERE have form
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
type StructY struct {
|
||
Y StructX `form:"name_y"` // HERE hava form
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
type StructZ struct {
|
||
Z *StructZ `form:"name_z"` // HERE hava form
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
总之,只支持当前没有 `form` 嵌套的自定义结构。
|
||
|
||
### 尝试将 body 绑定到不同的结构中
|
||
|
||
绑定 request body 的常规方法是使用 `c.Request.Body` 并且不能多次调用它们。
|
||
|
||
```go
|
||
type formA struct {
|
||
Foo string `json:"foo" xml:"foo" binding:"required"`
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
type formB struct {
|
||
Bar string `json:"bar" xml:"bar" binding:"required"`
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
func SomeHandler(c *gin.Context) {
|
||
objA := formA{}
|
||
objB := formB{}
|
||
// 这里 c.ShouldBind 使用 c.Request.Body 并且它不能被重复使用。
|
||
if errA := c.ShouldBind(&objA); errA == nil {
|
||
c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formA`)
|
||
// 这里总会出现一个错误,因为 c.Request.Body 现在是 EOF 。
|
||
} else if errB := c.ShouldBind(&objB); errB == nil {
|
||
c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formB`)
|
||
} else {
|
||
...
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
对于这一点, 你可以使用 `c.ShouldBindBodyWith` 。
|
||
|
||
```go
|
||
func SomeHandler(c *gin.Context) {
|
||
objA := formA{}
|
||
objB := formB{}
|
||
// 这里读取 c.Request.Body 并将结果存储到 context 中。
|
||
if errA := c.ShouldBindBodyWith(&objA, binding.JSON); errA == nil {
|
||
c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formA`)
|
||
// At this time, it reuses body stored in the context.
|
||
// 这是,它重用存储在 context 中的 body 。
|
||
} else if errB := c.ShouldBindBodyWith(&objB, binding.JSON); errB == nil {
|
||
c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formB JSON`)
|
||
// 并且它可以接受其他格式
|
||
} else if errB2 := c.ShouldBindBodyWith(&objB, binding.XML); errB2 == nil {
|
||
c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formB XML`)
|
||
} else {
|
||
...
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
* `c.ShouldBindBodyWith` 在绑定前存储 body 到 context 中。这对性能会有轻微的影响,所以如果你可以通过立即调用绑定, 不应该使用这个方法。
|
||
|
||
* 只有一些格式需要这个功能 -- `JSON` 、 `XML` 、 `MsgPack`、
|
||
`ProtoBuf` 。 对于其他格式, `Query`、 `Form`、 `FormPost`、 `FormMultipart`,
|
||
能被 `c.ShouldBind()` 多次调用,而不会对性能造成任何损害 (参见 [#1341](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/1341))。
|
||
|
||
### HTTP2 服务器推送
|
||
|
||
http.Pusher 仅仅被 **go1.8+** 支持。 在 [golang 官方博客](https://blog.golang.org/h2push) 中查看详细信息。
|
||
|
||
[embedmd]:# (examples/http-pusher/main.go go)
|
||
```go
|
||
package main
|
||
|
||
import (
|
||
"html/template"
|
||
"log"
|
||
|
||
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
|
||
)
|
||
|
||
var html = template.Must(template.New("https").Parse(`
|
||
<html>
|
||
<head>
|
||
<title>Https Test</title>
|
||
<script src="/assets/app.js"></script>
|
||
</head>
|
||
<body>
|
||
<h1 style="color:red;">Welcome, Ginner!</h1>
|
||
</body>
|
||
</html>
|
||
`))
|
||
|
||
func main() {
|
||
r := gin.Default()
|
||
r.Static("/assets", "./assets")
|
||
r.SetHTMLTemplate(html)
|
||
|
||
r.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
||
if pusher := c.Writer.Pusher(); pusher != nil {
|
||
// 使用 pusher.Push() 去进行服务器推送
|
||
if err := pusher.Push("/assets/app.js", nil); err != nil {
|
||
log.Printf("Failed to push: %v", err)
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
c.HTML(200, "https", gin.H{
|
||
"status": "success",
|
||
})
|
||
})
|
||
|
||
// 监听并服务于 https://127.0.0.1:8080
|
||
r.RunTLS(":8080", "./testdata/server.pem", "./testdata/server.key")
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## 测试
|
||
|
||
`net/http/httptest` 包是 HTTP 测试的首选方式。
|
||
|
||
```go
|
||
package main
|
||
|
||
func setupRouter() *gin.Engine {
|
||
r := gin.Default()
|
||
r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
||
c.String(200, "pong")
|
||
})
|
||
return r
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
func main() {
|
||
r := setupRouter()
|
||
r.Run(":8080")
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
测试上面代码的示例:
|
||
|
||
```go
|
||
package main
|
||
|
||
import (
|
||
"net/http"
|
||
"net/http/httptest"
|
||
"testing"
|
||
|
||
"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
|
||
)
|
||
|
||
func TestPingRoute(t *testing.T) {
|
||
router := setupRouter()
|
||
|
||
w := httptest.NewRecorder()
|
||
req, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", "/ping", nil)
|
||
router.ServeHTTP(w, req)
|
||
|
||
assert.Equal(t, 200, w.Code)
|
||
assert.Equal(t, "pong", w.Body.String())
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## 使用者 [](https://sourcegraph.com/github.com/gin-gonic/gin?badge)
|
||
|
||
使用 [Gin](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin) web 框架的非常棒的项目列表。
|
||
|
||
* [drone](https://github.com/drone/drone): Drone 是一个用 Go 编写的基于 Docker 的持续交付平台。
|
||
* [gorush](https://github.com/appleboy/gorush): 一个用 Go 编写的消息推送服务器。 |