mirror of
https://gitee.com/ineo6/homebrew-install.git
synced 2025-04-06 03:58:05 +08:00
324 lines
9.2 KiB
Markdown
324 lines
9.2 KiB
Markdown
---
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order: 4
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---
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# FAQ
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## 解决 formulae.brew.sh/api/xxx.json 失败问题
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执行下面内容后，重新执行安装脚本：
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```shell
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echo 'export HOMEBREW_API_DOMAIN=https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles/api #brew.idayer.com' >> ~/.zprofile
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source ~/.zprofile
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```
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## 加速工具
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免责声明：列出以下内容仅仅是提供应急所需，不对服务的稳定性提供保证。
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- [一元机场](https://xn--4gq62f52gdss.com/#/register?code=a2ZU70bj)
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- [efc-cloud](https://invite.fastconnect.cc/#/register?code=ndwVZL5l)
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## 终端设置代理
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在你的代理软件中找到`http`端口号，然后把下面脚本中的`1080`替换成你找到的端口号，然后在终端执行。
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```shell
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// 给终端设置代理
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export http_proxy=http://127.0.0.1:1080;export https_proxy=$http_proxy;export all_proxy=$http_proxy
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// 取消代理设置
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unset http_proxy;unset https_proxy;unset all_proxy
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```
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### 验证是否生效
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在终端执行以下脚本可以验证：
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```shell
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curl https://www.google.com -I
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```
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如果返回结果第一行包含`HTTP/1.1 200 OK`则说明已生效。
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## 取消 git 代理
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当遇到包含"Unsupported proxy syntax in"提示的问题是，和可能是设置了`git`代理，同时代理无法访问。
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这个时候可以考虑重新打开代理，另外的方案就是取消代理方式：
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```shell
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git config --global --unset http.proxy
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git config --global --unset https.proxy
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```
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## 如何删除 Homebrew
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遇到解决不了的问题，先删除`homebrew`目录再重新运行脚本安装。
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删除可以通过脚本或者在文件夹中删除(mac)：
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```shell
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// m1,m2
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sudo rm -rf /opt/homebrew
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// intel
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sudo rm -rf /usr/local/Homebrew
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```
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使用`rm -rf`命令是比较危险的行为，请不要随意修改最后的目录名。
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### macOS
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- Intel 上安装目录： `/usr/local/Homebrew/`
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- m1 arm 上安装目录： `/opt/homebrew`
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另外在终端可以执行`open /usr/local/Homebrew/` 或 `open /opt/homebrew`，打开文件夹通过界面删除。
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### Linux
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安装目录在`/home/linuxbrew`。
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## 手动设置 homebrew-core
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```shell
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cd "$(brew --repo)/Library/Taps/"
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mkdir homebrew && cd homebrew
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git clone https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-core.git
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```
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## 手动设置 homebrew-core
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```shell
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cd "$(brew --repo)/Library/Taps/"
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cd homebrew
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git clone https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-cask.git
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```
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## 安装时 formulae 找不到
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如果遇到下面的提示。
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```shell
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==> Searching for similarly named formulae...
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Error: No similarly named formulae found.
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Error: No available formula or cask with the name "nasm".
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==> Searching for a previously deleted formula (in the last month)...
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Error: No previously deleted formula found.
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==> Searching taps on GitHub...
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Error: No formulae found in taps.
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```
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尝试执行以下命令：
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```shell
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rm -rf $(brew --repo homebrew/core)
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brew tap homebrew/core
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```
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如果还不行，请删除`homebrew`目录，再重新安装。
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## certificate has expired
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近期很多人反馈安装`brew`遇到下面的错误：
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```
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fatal: unable to access 'https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/brew.git/': SSL certificate problem: certificate has expired
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```
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目前临时的解决方案如下：
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```shell、
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git config --global http.sslVerify false
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```
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## M1 芯片 Mac 如何安装
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`Homebrew`已支持在`arm`上安装，但是一些软件兼容性还有待更新，官方查阅地址可看 [说明](https://github.com/Homebrew/brew/issues/7857) 。
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你可以考虑安装`x86`版本保持兼容性。
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无论安装哪个版本，强烈建议先参考文档：[M1 芯片 Mac 上 Homebrew 安装](/guide/m1/)。
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大部分问题都是资源不稳定导致的，如果可以的话尽量通过代理加速。
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代理使用可以参考以下文章：
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- [如何让 macOS 的「终端」走代理？](https://www.xiaodefa.com/digital/121.html)
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## brew install xxx 404 的问题
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原因是`bottles`镜像地址更新了，需要在 `~/.zprofile` 或 `~/.bash_profile` 文件更新镜像地址。
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至于选择哪个文件来操作，请按照 [判断终端](/guide/faq/#判断终端) 。
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1. 找到`HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN`配置，一般是这样的形式：
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```shell
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export HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN=https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles
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```
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2. 然后使用 [镜像助手](/guide/change-source/) 获取替换的地址，复制 `HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN` 后面链接地址。
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比如中科大镜像就是这个了：
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```shell
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export HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN=https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles/bottles
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```
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3. 更新环境变量，以 `~/.zprofile` 为例，更新内容后执行：
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```shell
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source ~/.zprofile
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```
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## 判断终端
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可以先通过以下方式获取：
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执行命令`echo $SHELL`，根据结果判断：
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- `/bin/zsh` => `zsh` => `.zprofile`
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- `/bin/bash` => `bash` => `.bash_profile`
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> 注意：文章内如有再次提及编辑`.zprofile`，均按此方法判断具体操作的文件。
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## fatal: unable to access xxx
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```
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HEAD is now at 028e733e7 Merge pull request #10260 from reitermarkus/audit-livecheck
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fatal: unable to access 'https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-core/': transfer closed with outstanding read data remaining
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fatal: ambiguous argument 'refs/remotes/origin/master': unknown revision or path not in the working tree.
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Use '--' to separate paths from revisions, like this:
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'git <command> [<revision>...] -- [<file>...]'
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```
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解决方案：
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- 删除`/usr/local/Homebrew`重试
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- 根据文章 [GitHub 访问加速指南][hosts] ，给`github.com`域名加速
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- 通过代理访问
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## 设置镜像无效，安装还是很慢
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这里说的安装很慢主要是指`brew`本身安装速度慢（镜像地址没有设置成功）。
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可以执行命令`echo $SHELL`，先查看终端类型。
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- bash: `/bin/bash`
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- zsh: `/bin/zsh`
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然后根据终端类型设置镜像，参考 [判断终端](/guide/faq/#判断终端) 。
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## command not found: brew
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一般是环境变量无效，请使用`echo $SHELL`确认终端类型，参考前一段落。
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`m1`芯片`Mac`电脑需要手动设置环境变量：
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zsh
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```shell
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echo 'eval "$(/opt/homebrew/bin/brew shellenv)" #brew.idayer.com' >> ~/.zprofile
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eval "$(/opt/homebrew/bin/brew shellenv)"
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```
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bash
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```shell
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echo 'eval "$(/opt/homebrew/bin/brew shellenv)"' >> ~/.bash_profile
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eval "$(/opt/homebrew/bin/brew shellenv)"
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```
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非`m1`的话，可以尝试手动加入环境变量：
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zsh
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```shell
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echo 'eval "$(/usr/local/Homebrew/bin/brew shellenv)" #brew.idayer.com' >> ~/.zprofile
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eval "$(/usr/local/Homebrew/bin/brew shellenv)"
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```
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bash
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```shell
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echo 'eval "$(/usr/local/Homebrew/bin/brew shellenv)" brew.idayer.com' >> ~/.bash_profile
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eval "$(/usr/local/Homebrew/bin/brew shellenv)"
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```
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## SHA256 mismatch
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```
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Error: An exception occurred within a child process:
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ChecksumMismatchError: SHA256 mismatch
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Expected: 01059532335fefc5e0e7a23cc79eeb1dc6fea477606981b89f259aa0e0f9abc1
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Actual: 641ba394c891cee16dfa45873906edab12edfc9befaa121649bb18e7b7d574bf
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Archive: /Users/XXX/Library/Caches/Homebrew/downloads/1124b500fc261f6d9be6193eca8c120f4dfb7ecd3470ac7d8edc1d04ecc5b345--jdk13u-jdk-13.0.2+8.tar.bz2
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To retry an incomplete download, remove the file above.
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```
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遇到该问题时请尝试该方案：https://blog.csdn.net/lemostic/article/details/107101219
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## homebrew-bundle错误
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```shell
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fatal: unable to access 'https://github.com/homebrew/homebrew-bundle/': Recv failure: Operation timed out
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Error: Fetching /usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-bundle failed!
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Failed during: /usr/local/bin/brew update --force --quiet
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```
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这个错误是因为`bundle`工具默认内置的`GitHub`资源，这很容易导致出现方式失败的情况，请直接执行以下命令：
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```shell
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git -C "$(brew --repo)/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-bundle" remote set-url origin https://gitee.com/imirror/homebrew-bundle.git
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```
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## 如何判断终端类型
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在终端执行命令`echo $SHELL`，根据显示的结果判断：
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- `/bin/bash` => `bash` => `.bash_profile`
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- `/bin/zsh` => `zsh` => `.zprofile`
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## Xcode Command Line 安装问题
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错误如下：
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```
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xcode-select: error: invalid developer directory '/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools'
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Failed during: /usr/bin/sudo /usr/bin/xcode-select --switch /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools
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```
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这是因为`CommandLineTools`未安装的原因，可以通过命令安装：
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```shell
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xcode-select --install
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```
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如果提示"不能下载该软件，因为网络出现问题"，可以在官网下载安装。
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1. 打开 https://developer.apple.com/download/more/
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2. 搜索 Command Line
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因为这里罗列的所有的版本，所以我们还需要确定支持的版本，我们这样操作：
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1. 确定当前系统版本
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2. 打开`App Store`搜索`Xcode`
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3. 点击"版本历史记录"找到支持你的系统版本的`Xcode`版本号
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举例子我的电脑是`Big Sur 11.2`，在版本记录里看到`12.4`就是`Xcode`对应的版本号，然后我们找到"Command Line Tools for Xcode 12.4"下载。
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[hosts]: https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/gFNP2Pk81vg7nE1XsDingg
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## raw.githubusercontent.com 无法访问
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这是典型的`GitHub`不稳定的表现，你可以通过设置`hosts`缓解该问题。
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参考 [GitHub 加速教程](/guide/github/) 。
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