// Copyright 2014 Manu Martinez-Almeida. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a MIT style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

package gin

import (
	"bytes"
	"context"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"html/template"
	"io"
	"io/fs"
	"mime/multipart"
	"net"
	"net/http"
	"net/http/httptest"
	"net/url"
	"os"
	"path/filepath"
	"reflect"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"sync"
	"testing"
	"time"

	"github.com/gin-contrib/sse"
	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin/binding"
	testdata "github.com/gin-gonic/gin/testdata/protoexample"
	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
)

var _ context.Context = (*Context)(nil)

var errTestRender = errors.New("TestRender")

// Unit tests TODO
// func (c *Context) File(filepath string) {
// func (c *Context) Negotiate(code int, config Negotiate) {
// BAD case: func (c *Context) Render(code int, render render.Render, obj ...any) {
// test that information is not leaked when reusing Contexts (using the Pool)

func createMultipartRequest() *http.Request {
	boundary := "--testboundary"
	body := new(bytes.Buffer)
	mw := multipart.NewWriter(body)
	defer mw.Close()

	must(mw.SetBoundary(boundary))
	must(mw.WriteField("foo", "bar"))
	must(mw.WriteField("bar", "10"))
	must(mw.WriteField("bar", "foo2"))
	must(mw.WriteField("array", "first"))
	must(mw.WriteField("array", "second"))
	must(mw.WriteField("id", ""))
	must(mw.WriteField("time_local", "31/12/2016 14:55"))
	must(mw.WriteField("time_utc", "31/12/2016 14:55"))
	must(mw.WriteField("time_location", "31/12/2016 14:55"))
	must(mw.WriteField("names[a]", "thinkerou"))
	must(mw.WriteField("names[b]", "tianou"))
	req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", body)
	must(err)
	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", MIMEMultipartPOSTForm+"; boundary="+boundary)
	return req
}

func must(err error) {
	if err != nil {
		panic(err.Error())
	}
}

func TestContextFormFile(t *testing.T) {
	buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
	mw := multipart.NewWriter(buf)
	w, err := mw.CreateFormFile("file", "test")
	require.NoError(t, err)
	_, err = w.Write([]byte("test"))
	require.NoError(t, err)
	mw.Close()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", buf)
	c.Request.Header.Set("Content-Type", mw.FormDataContentType())
	f, err := c.FormFile("file")
	require.NoError(t, err)
	assert.Equal(t, "test", f.Filename)

	require.NoError(t, c.SaveUploadedFile(f, "test"))
}

func TestContextFormFileFailed(t *testing.T) {
	buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
	mw := multipart.NewWriter(buf)
	mw.Close()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", nil)
	c.Request.Header.Set("Content-Type", mw.FormDataContentType())
	c.engine.MaxMultipartMemory = 8 << 20
	f, err := c.FormFile("file")
	require.Error(t, err)
	assert.Nil(t, f)
}

func TestContextMultipartForm(t *testing.T) {
	buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
	mw := multipart.NewWriter(buf)
	require.NoError(t, mw.WriteField("foo", "bar"))
	w, err := mw.CreateFormFile("file", "test")
	require.NoError(t, err)
	_, err = w.Write([]byte("test"))
	require.NoError(t, err)
	mw.Close()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", buf)
	c.Request.Header.Set("Content-Type", mw.FormDataContentType())
	f, err := c.MultipartForm()
	require.NoError(t, err)
	assert.NotNil(t, f)

	require.NoError(t, c.SaveUploadedFile(f.File["file"][0], "test"))
}

func TestSaveUploadedOpenFailed(t *testing.T) {
	buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
	mw := multipart.NewWriter(buf)
	mw.Close()

	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", buf)
	c.Request.Header.Set("Content-Type", mw.FormDataContentType())

	f := &multipart.FileHeader{
		Filename: "file",
	}
	require.Error(t, c.SaveUploadedFile(f, "test"))
}

func TestSaveUploadedCreateFailed(t *testing.T) {
	buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
	mw := multipart.NewWriter(buf)
	w, err := mw.CreateFormFile("file", "test")
	require.NoError(t, err)
	_, err = w.Write([]byte("test"))
	require.NoError(t, err)
	mw.Close()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", buf)
	c.Request.Header.Set("Content-Type", mw.FormDataContentType())
	f, err := c.FormFile("file")
	require.NoError(t, err)
	assert.Equal(t, "test", f.Filename)

	require.Error(t, c.SaveUploadedFile(f, "/"))
}

func TestSaveUploadedFileWithPermission(t *testing.T) {
	buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
	mw := multipart.NewWriter(buf)
	w, err := mw.CreateFormFile("file", "permission_test")
	require.NoError(t, err)
	_, err = w.Write([]byte("permission_test"))
	require.NoError(t, err)
	mw.Close()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", buf)
	c.Request.Header.Set("Content-Type", mw.FormDataContentType())
	f, err := c.FormFile("file")
	require.NoError(t, err)
	assert.Equal(t, "permission_test", f.Filename)
	var mode fs.FileMode = 0o755
	require.NoError(t, c.SaveUploadedFile(f, "permission_test", mode))
	info, err := os.Stat(filepath.Dir("permission_test"))
	require.NoError(t, err)
	assert.Equal(t, info.Mode().Perm(), mode)
}

func TestSaveUploadedFileWithPermissionFailed(t *testing.T) {
	buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
	mw := multipart.NewWriter(buf)
	w, err := mw.CreateFormFile("file", "permission_test")
	require.NoError(t, err)
	_, err = w.Write([]byte("permission_test"))
	require.NoError(t, err)
	mw.Close()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", buf)
	c.Request.Header.Set("Content-Type", mw.FormDataContentType())
	f, err := c.FormFile("file")
	require.NoError(t, err)
	assert.Equal(t, "permission_test", f.Filename)
	var mode fs.FileMode = 0o644
	require.Error(t, c.SaveUploadedFile(f, "test/permission_test", mode))
}

func TestContextReset(t *testing.T) {
	router := New()
	c := router.allocateContext(0)
	assert.Equal(t, c.engine, router)

	c.index = 2
	c.Writer = &responseWriter{ResponseWriter: httptest.NewRecorder()}
	c.Params = Params{Param{}}
	c.Error(errors.New("test")) //nolint: errcheck
	c.Set("foo", "bar")
	c.reset()

	assert.False(t, c.IsAborted())
	assert.Nil(t, c.Keys)
	assert.Nil(t, c.Accepted)
	assert.Empty(t, c.Errors)
	assert.Empty(t, c.Errors.Errors())
	assert.Empty(t, c.Errors.ByType(ErrorTypeAny))
	assert.Empty(t, c.Params)
	assert.EqualValues(t, c.index, -1)
	assert.Equal(t, c.Writer.(*responseWriter), &c.writermem)
}

func TestContextHandlers(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	assert.Nil(t, c.handlers)
	assert.Nil(t, c.handlers.Last())

	c.handlers = HandlersChain{}
	assert.NotNil(t, c.handlers)
	assert.Nil(t, c.handlers.Last())

	f := func(c *Context) {}
	g := func(c *Context) {}

	c.handlers = HandlersChain{f}
	compareFunc(t, f, c.handlers.Last())

	c.handlers = HandlersChain{f, g}
	compareFunc(t, g, c.handlers.Last())
}

// TestContextSetGet tests that a parameter is set correctly on the
// current context and can be retrieved using Get.
func TestContextSetGet(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	c.Set("foo", "bar")

	value, err := c.Get("foo")
	assert.Equal(t, "bar", value)
	assert.True(t, err)

	value, err = c.Get("foo2")
	assert.Nil(t, value)
	assert.False(t, err)

	assert.Equal(t, "bar", c.MustGet("foo"))
	assert.Panics(t, func() { c.MustGet("no_exist") })
}

func TestContextSetGetValues(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	c.Set("string", "this is a string")
	c.Set("int32", int32(-42))
	c.Set("int64", int64(42424242424242))
	c.Set("uint64", uint64(42))
	c.Set("float32", float32(4.2))
	c.Set("float64", 4.2)
	var a any = 1
	c.Set("intInterface", a)

	assert.Exactly(t, "this is a string", c.MustGet("string").(string))
	assert.Exactly(t, c.MustGet("int32").(int32), int32(-42))
	assert.Exactly(t, int64(42424242424242), c.MustGet("int64").(int64))
	assert.Exactly(t, uint64(42), c.MustGet("uint64").(uint64))
	assert.InDelta(t, float32(4.2), c.MustGet("float32").(float32), 0.01)
	assert.InDelta(t, 4.2, c.MustGet("float64").(float64), 0.01)
	assert.Exactly(t, 1, c.MustGet("intInterface").(int))
}

func TestContextGetString(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	c.Set("string", "this is a string")
	assert.Equal(t, "this is a string", c.GetString("string"))
}

func TestContextSetGetBool(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	c.Set("bool", true)
	assert.True(t, c.GetBool("bool"))
}

func TestContextGetInt(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	c.Set("int", 1)
	assert.Equal(t, 1, c.GetInt("int"))
}

func TestContextGetInt8(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	key := "int8"
	value := int8(0x7F)
	c.Set(key, value)
	assert.Equal(t, value, c.GetInt8(key))
}

func TestContextGetInt16(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	key := "int16"
	value := int16(0x7FFF)
	c.Set(key, value)
	assert.Equal(t, value, c.GetInt16(key))
}

func TestContextGetInt32(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	key := "int32"
	value := int32(0x7FFFFFFF)
	c.Set(key, value)
	assert.Equal(t, value, c.GetInt32(key))
}

func TestContextGetInt64(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	c.Set("int64", int64(42424242424242))
	assert.Equal(t, int64(42424242424242), c.GetInt64("int64"))
}

func TestContextGetUint(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	c.Set("uint", uint(1))
	assert.Equal(t, uint(1), c.GetUint("uint"))
}

func TestContextGetUint8(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	key := "uint8"
	value := uint8(0xFF)
	c.Set(key, value)
	assert.Equal(t, value, c.GetUint8(key))
}

func TestContextGetUint16(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	key := "uint16"
	value := uint16(0xFFFF)
	c.Set(key, value)
	assert.Equal(t, value, c.GetUint16(key))
}

func TestContextGetUint32(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	key := "uint32"
	value := uint32(0xFFFFFFFF)
	c.Set(key, value)
	assert.Equal(t, value, c.GetUint32(key))
}

func TestContextGetUint64(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	c.Set("uint64", uint64(18446744073709551615))
	assert.Equal(t, uint64(18446744073709551615), c.GetUint64("uint64"))
}

func TestContextGetFloat32(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	key := "float32"
	value := float32(3.14)
	c.Set(key, value)
	assert.InDelta(t, value, c.GetFloat32(key), 0.01)
}

func TestContextGetFloat64(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	c.Set("float64", 4.2)
	assert.InDelta(t, 4.2, c.GetFloat64("float64"), 0.01)
}

func TestContextGetTime(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	t1, _ := time.Parse("1/2/2006 15:04:05", "01/01/2017 12:00:00")
	c.Set("time", t1)
	assert.Equal(t, t1, c.GetTime("time"))
}

func TestContextGetDuration(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	c.Set("duration", time.Second)
	assert.Equal(t, time.Second, c.GetDuration("duration"))
}

func TestContextGetIntSlice(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	key := "int-slice"
	value := []int{1, 2}
	c.Set(key, value)
	assert.Equal(t, value, c.GetIntSlice(key))
}

func TestContextGetInt8Slice(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	key := "int8-slice"
	value := []int8{1, 2}
	c.Set(key, value)
	assert.Equal(t, value, c.GetInt8Slice(key))
}

func TestContextGetInt16Slice(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	key := "int16-slice"
	value := []int16{1, 2}
	c.Set(key, value)
	assert.Equal(t, value, c.GetInt16Slice(key))
}

func TestContextGetInt32Slice(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	key := "int32-slice"
	value := []int32{1, 2}
	c.Set(key, value)
	assert.Equal(t, value, c.GetInt32Slice(key))
}

func TestContextGetInt64Slice(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	key := "int64-slice"
	value := []int64{1, 2}
	c.Set(key, value)
	assert.Equal(t, value, c.GetInt64Slice(key))
}

func TestContextGetUintSlice(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	key := "uint-slice"
	value := []uint{1, 2}
	c.Set(key, value)
	assert.Equal(t, value, c.GetUintSlice(key))
}

func TestContextGetUint8Slice(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	key := "uint8-slice"
	value := []uint8{1, 2}
	c.Set(key, value)
	assert.Equal(t, value, c.GetUint8Slice(key))
}

func TestContextGetUint16Slice(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	key := "uint16-slice"
	value := []uint16{1, 2}
	c.Set(key, value)
	assert.Equal(t, value, c.GetUint16Slice(key))
}

func TestContextGetUint32Slice(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	key := "uint32-slice"
	value := []uint32{1, 2}
	c.Set(key, value)
	assert.Equal(t, value, c.GetUint32Slice(key))
}

func TestContextGetUint64Slice(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	key := "uint64-slice"
	value := []uint64{1, 2}
	c.Set(key, value)
	assert.Equal(t, value, c.GetUint64Slice(key))
}

func TestContextGetFloat32Slice(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	key := "float32-slice"
	value := []float32{1, 2}
	c.Set(key, value)
	assert.Equal(t, value, c.GetFloat32Slice(key))
}

func TestContextGetFloat64Slice(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	key := "float64-slice"
	value := []float64{1, 2}
	c.Set(key, value)
	assert.Equal(t, value, c.GetFloat64Slice(key))
}

func TestContextGetStringSlice(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	c.Set("slice", []string{"foo"})
	assert.Equal(t, []string{"foo"}, c.GetStringSlice("slice"))
}

func TestContextGetStringMap(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	m := make(map[string]any)
	m["foo"] = 1
	c.Set("map", m)

	assert.Equal(t, m, c.GetStringMap("map"))
	assert.Equal(t, 1, c.GetStringMap("map")["foo"])
}

func TestContextGetStringMapString(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	m := make(map[string]string)
	m["foo"] = "bar"
	c.Set("map", m)

	assert.Equal(t, m, c.GetStringMapString("map"))
	assert.Equal(t, "bar", c.GetStringMapString("map")["foo"])
}

func TestContextGetStringMapStringSlice(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	m := make(map[string][]string)
	m["foo"] = []string{"foo"}
	c.Set("map", m)

	assert.Equal(t, m, c.GetStringMapStringSlice("map"))
	assert.Equal(t, []string{"foo"}, c.GetStringMapStringSlice("map")["foo"])
}

func TestContextCopy(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	c.index = 2
	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/hola", nil)
	c.handlers = HandlersChain{func(c *Context) {}}
	c.Params = Params{Param{Key: "foo", Value: "bar"}}
	c.Set("foo", "bar")
	c.fullPath = "/hola"

	cp := c.Copy()
	assert.Nil(t, cp.handlers)
	assert.Nil(t, cp.writermem.ResponseWriter)
	assert.Equal(t, &cp.writermem, cp.Writer.(*responseWriter))
	assert.Equal(t, cp.Request, c.Request)
	assert.Equal(t, abortIndex, cp.index)
	assert.Equal(t, cp.Keys, c.Keys)
	assert.Equal(t, cp.engine, c.engine)
	assert.Equal(t, cp.Params, c.Params)
	cp.Set("foo", "notBar")
	assert.NotEqual(t, cp.Keys["foo"], c.Keys["foo"])
	assert.Equal(t, cp.fullPath, c.fullPath)
}

func TestContextCopyErrors(t *testing.T) {
    c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
    
    // Add errors to the original context
    c.Error(fmt.Errorf("first error")).SetType(ErrorTypePublic).SetMeta("meta1")  // nolint: errcheck
    c.Error(fmt.Errorf("second error")).SetType(ErrorTypePrivate).SetMeta(42)    // nolint: errcheck

    // Copy the context
    cp := c.Copy()

    // Verify the copied context has the same number of errors
    assert.Equal(t, len(c.Errors), len(cp.Errors), "Copied context should have the same number of errors")
    
    // Verify that the slices are distinct (deep copy) by checking contents and ensuring independence
    assert.True(t, reflect.DeepEqual(c.Errors, cp.Errors), "Copied errors should have the same content initially")
    // Since we can’t compare slices with ==, we rely on content equality and test isolation below

    // Check each error in the copied context matches the original
    for i, origErr := range c.Errors {
        copiedErr := cp.Errors[i]
        assert.Equal(t, origErr.Err, copiedErr.Err, "Error message should match")
        assert.Equal(t, origErr.Type, copiedErr.Type, "Error type should match")
        assert.Equal(t, origErr.Meta, copiedErr.Meta, "Error metadata should match")
        // Ensure pointers are different (deep copy)
        assert.NotSame(t, origErr, copiedErr, "Each error should be a distinct instance")
    }

    // Modify original context errors and ensure copy remains unchanged
    c.Error(fmt.Errorf("third error")) // nolint: errcheck
    assert.Equal(t, 2, len(cp.Errors), "Copied context errors should not reflect changes to original")
    assert.Equal(t, 3, len(c.Errors), "Original context should have new error")
    assert.False(t, reflect.DeepEqual(c.Errors, cp.Errors), "Copied errors should differ after modification")
}


func TestContextHandlerName(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	c.handlers = HandlersChain{func(c *Context) {}, handlerNameTest}

	assert.Regexp(t, "^(.*/vendor/)?github.com/gin-gonic/gin.handlerNameTest$", c.HandlerName())
}

func TestContextHandlerNames(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	c.handlers = HandlersChain{func(c *Context) {}, nil, handlerNameTest, func(c *Context) {}, handlerNameTest2}

	names := c.HandlerNames()

	assert.Len(t, names, 4)
	for _, name := range names {
		assert.Regexp(t, `^(.*/vendor/)?(github\.com/gin-gonic/gin\.){1}(TestContextHandlerNames\.func.*){0,1}(handlerNameTest.*){0,1}`, name)
	}
}

func handlerNameTest(c *Context) {
}

func handlerNameTest2(c *Context) {
}

var handlerTest HandlerFunc = func(c *Context) {
}

func TestContextHandler(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	c.handlers = HandlersChain{func(c *Context) {}, handlerTest}

	assert.Equal(t, reflect.ValueOf(handlerTest).Pointer(), reflect.ValueOf(c.Handler()).Pointer())
}

func TestContextQuery(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://example.com/?foo=bar&page=10&id=", nil)

	value, ok := c.GetQuery("foo")
	assert.True(t, ok)
	assert.Equal(t, "bar", value)
	assert.Equal(t, "bar", c.DefaultQuery("foo", "none"))
	assert.Equal(t, "bar", c.Query("foo"))

	value, ok = c.GetQuery("page")
	assert.True(t, ok)
	assert.Equal(t, "10", value)
	assert.Equal(t, "10", c.DefaultQuery("page", "0"))
	assert.Equal(t, "10", c.Query("page"))

	value, ok = c.GetQuery("id")
	assert.True(t, ok)
	assert.Empty(t, value)
	assert.Empty(t, c.DefaultQuery("id", "nada"))
	assert.Empty(t, c.Query("id"))

	value, ok = c.GetQuery("NoKey")
	assert.False(t, ok)
	assert.Empty(t, value)
	assert.Equal(t, "nada", c.DefaultQuery("NoKey", "nada"))
	assert.Empty(t, c.Query("NoKey"))

	// postform should not mess
	value, ok = c.GetPostForm("page")
	assert.False(t, ok)
	assert.Empty(t, value)
	assert.Empty(t, c.PostForm("foo"))
}

func TestContextInitQueryCache(t *testing.T) {
	validURL, err := url.Parse("https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/3969?key=value&otherkey=othervalue")
	require.NoError(t, err)

	tests := []struct {
		testName           string
		testContext        *Context
		expectedQueryCache url.Values
	}{
		{
			testName: "queryCache should remain unchanged if already not nil",
			testContext: &Context{
				queryCache: url.Values{"a": []string{"b"}},
				Request:    &http.Request{URL: validURL}, // valid request for evidence that values weren't extracted
			},
			expectedQueryCache: url.Values{"a": []string{"b"}},
		},
		{
			testName:           "queryCache should be empty when Request is nil",
			testContext:        &Context{Request: nil}, // explicit nil for readability
			expectedQueryCache: url.Values{},
		},
		{
			testName:           "queryCache should be empty when Request.URL is nil",
			testContext:        &Context{Request: &http.Request{URL: nil}}, // explicit nil for readability
			expectedQueryCache: url.Values{},
		},
		{
			testName:           "queryCache should be populated when it not yet populated and Request + Request.URL are non nil",
			testContext:        &Context{Request: &http.Request{URL: validURL}}, // explicit nil for readability
			expectedQueryCache: url.Values{"key": []string{"value"}, "otherkey": []string{"othervalue"}},
		},
	}

	for _, test := range tests {
		t.Run(test.testName, func(t *testing.T) {
			test.testContext.initQueryCache()
			assert.Equal(t, test.expectedQueryCache, test.testContext.queryCache)
		})
	}
}

func TestContextDefaultQueryOnEmptyRequest(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder()) // here c.Request == nil
	assert.NotPanics(t, func() {
		value, ok := c.GetQuery("NoKey")
		assert.False(t, ok)
		assert.Empty(t, value)
	})
	assert.NotPanics(t, func() {
		assert.Equal(t, "nada", c.DefaultQuery("NoKey", "nada"))
	})
	assert.NotPanics(t, func() {
		assert.Empty(t, c.Query("NoKey"))
	})
}

func TestContextQueryAndPostForm(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	body := bytes.NewBufferString("foo=bar&page=11&both=&foo=second")
	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost,
		"/?both=GET&id=main&id=omit&array[]=first&array[]=second&ids[a]=hi&ids[b]=3.14", body)
	c.Request.Header.Add("Content-Type", MIMEPOSTForm)

	assert.Equal(t, "bar", c.DefaultPostForm("foo", "none"))
	assert.Equal(t, "bar", c.PostForm("foo"))
	assert.Empty(t, c.Query("foo"))

	value, ok := c.GetPostForm("page")
	assert.True(t, ok)
	assert.Equal(t, "11", value)
	assert.Equal(t, "11", c.DefaultPostForm("page", "0"))
	assert.Equal(t, "11", c.PostForm("page"))
	assert.Empty(t, c.Query("page"))

	value, ok = c.GetPostForm("both")
	assert.True(t, ok)
	assert.Empty(t, value)
	assert.Empty(t, c.PostForm("both"))
	assert.Empty(t, c.DefaultPostForm("both", "nothing"))
	assert.Equal(t, http.MethodGet, c.Query("both"), http.MethodGet)

	value, ok = c.GetQuery("id")
	assert.True(t, ok)
	assert.Equal(t, "main", value)
	assert.Equal(t, "000", c.DefaultPostForm("id", "000"))
	assert.Equal(t, "main", c.Query("id"))
	assert.Empty(t, c.PostForm("id"))

	value, ok = c.GetQuery("NoKey")
	assert.False(t, ok)
	assert.Empty(t, value)
	value, ok = c.GetPostForm("NoKey")
	assert.False(t, ok)
	assert.Empty(t, value)
	assert.Equal(t, "nada", c.DefaultPostForm("NoKey", "nada"))
	assert.Equal(t, "nothing", c.DefaultQuery("NoKey", "nothing"))
	assert.Empty(t, c.PostForm("NoKey"))
	assert.Empty(t, c.Query("NoKey"))

	var obj struct {
		Foo   string   `form:"foo"`
		ID    string   `form:"id"`
		Page  int      `form:"page"`
		Both  string   `form:"both"`
		Array []string `form:"array[]"`
	}
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind(&obj))
	assert.Equal(t, "bar", obj.Foo, "bar")
	assert.Equal(t, "main", obj.ID, "main")
	assert.Equal(t, 11, obj.Page, 11)
	assert.Empty(t, obj.Both)
	assert.Equal(t, []string{"first", "second"}, obj.Array)

	values, ok := c.GetQueryArray("array[]")
	assert.True(t, ok)
	assert.Equal(t, "first", values[0])
	assert.Equal(t, "second", values[1])

	values = c.QueryArray("array[]")
	assert.Equal(t, "first", values[0])
	assert.Equal(t, "second", values[1])

	values = c.QueryArray("nokey")
	assert.Empty(t, values)

	values = c.QueryArray("both")
	assert.Len(t, values, 1)
	assert.Equal(t, http.MethodGet, values[0])

	dicts, ok := c.GetQueryMap("ids")
	assert.True(t, ok)
	assert.Equal(t, "hi", dicts["a"])
	assert.Equal(t, "3.14", dicts["b"])

	dicts, ok = c.GetQueryMap("nokey")
	assert.False(t, ok)
	assert.Empty(t, dicts)

	dicts, ok = c.GetQueryMap("both")
	assert.False(t, ok)
	assert.Empty(t, dicts)

	dicts, ok = c.GetQueryMap("array")
	assert.False(t, ok)
	assert.Empty(t, dicts)

	dicts = c.QueryMap("ids")
	assert.Equal(t, "hi", dicts["a"])
	assert.Equal(t, "3.14", dicts["b"])

	dicts = c.QueryMap("nokey")
	assert.Empty(t, dicts)
}

func TestContextPostFormMultipart(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	c.Request = createMultipartRequest()

	var obj struct {
		Foo          string    `form:"foo"`
		Bar          string    `form:"bar"`
		BarAsInt     int       `form:"bar"`
		Array        []string  `form:"array"`
		ID           string    `form:"id"`
		TimeLocal    time.Time `form:"time_local" time_format:"02/01/2006 15:04"`
		TimeUTC      time.Time `form:"time_utc" time_format:"02/01/2006 15:04" time_utc:"1"`
		TimeLocation time.Time `form:"time_location" time_format:"02/01/2006 15:04" time_location:"Asia/Tokyo"`
		BlankTime    time.Time `form:"blank_time" time_format:"02/01/2006 15:04"`
	}
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind(&obj))
	assert.Equal(t, "bar", obj.Foo)
	assert.Equal(t, "10", obj.Bar)
	assert.Equal(t, 10, obj.BarAsInt)
	assert.Equal(t, []string{"first", "second"}, obj.Array)
	assert.Empty(t, obj.ID)
	assert.Equal(t, "31/12/2016 14:55", obj.TimeLocal.Format("02/01/2006 15:04"))
	assert.Equal(t, time.Local, obj.TimeLocal.Location())
	assert.Equal(t, "31/12/2016 14:55", obj.TimeUTC.Format("02/01/2006 15:04"))
	assert.Equal(t, time.UTC, obj.TimeUTC.Location())
	loc, _ := time.LoadLocation("Asia/Tokyo")
	assert.Equal(t, "31/12/2016 14:55", obj.TimeLocation.Format("02/01/2006 15:04"))
	assert.Equal(t, loc, obj.TimeLocation.Location())
	assert.True(t, obj.BlankTime.IsZero())

	value, ok := c.GetQuery("foo")
	assert.False(t, ok)
	assert.Empty(t, value)
	assert.Empty(t, c.Query("bar"))
	assert.Equal(t, "nothing", c.DefaultQuery("id", "nothing"))

	value, ok = c.GetPostForm("foo")
	assert.True(t, ok)
	assert.Equal(t, "bar", value)
	assert.Equal(t, "bar", c.PostForm("foo"))

	value, ok = c.GetPostForm("array")
	assert.True(t, ok)
	assert.Equal(t, "first", value)
	assert.Equal(t, "first", c.PostForm("array"))

	assert.Equal(t, "10", c.DefaultPostForm("bar", "nothing"))

	value, ok = c.GetPostForm("id")
	assert.True(t, ok)
	assert.Empty(t, value)
	assert.Empty(t, c.PostForm("id"))
	assert.Empty(t, c.DefaultPostForm("id", "nothing"))

	value, ok = c.GetPostForm("nokey")
	assert.False(t, ok)
	assert.Empty(t, value)
	assert.Equal(t, "nothing", c.DefaultPostForm("nokey", "nothing"))

	values, ok := c.GetPostFormArray("array")
	assert.True(t, ok)
	assert.Equal(t, "first", values[0])
	assert.Equal(t, "second", values[1])

	values = c.PostFormArray("array")
	assert.Equal(t, "first", values[0])
	assert.Equal(t, "second", values[1])

	values = c.PostFormArray("nokey")
	assert.Empty(t, values)

	values = c.PostFormArray("foo")
	assert.Len(t, values, 1)
	assert.Equal(t, "bar", values[0])

	dicts, ok := c.GetPostFormMap("names")
	assert.True(t, ok)
	assert.Equal(t, "thinkerou", dicts["a"])
	assert.Equal(t, "tianou", dicts["b"])

	dicts, ok = c.GetPostFormMap("nokey")
	assert.False(t, ok)
	assert.Empty(t, dicts)

	dicts = c.PostFormMap("names")
	assert.Equal(t, "thinkerou", dicts["a"])
	assert.Equal(t, "tianou", dicts["b"])

	dicts = c.PostFormMap("nokey")
	assert.Empty(t, dicts)
}

func TestContextSetCookie(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	c.SetSameSite(http.SameSiteLaxMode)
	c.SetCookie("user", "gin", 1, "/", "localhost", true, true)
	assert.Equal(t, "user=gin; Path=/; Domain=localhost; Max-Age=1; HttpOnly; Secure; SameSite=Lax", c.Writer.Header().Get("Set-Cookie"))
}

func TestContextSetCookiePathEmpty(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	c.SetSameSite(http.SameSiteLaxMode)
	c.SetCookie("user", "gin", 1, "", "localhost", true, true)
	assert.Equal(t, "user=gin; Path=/; Domain=localhost; Max-Age=1; HttpOnly; Secure; SameSite=Lax", c.Writer.Header().Get("Set-Cookie"))
}

func TestContextGetCookie(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/get", nil)
	c.Request.Header.Set("Cookie", "user=gin")
	cookie, _ := c.Cookie("user")
	assert.Equal(t, "gin", cookie)

	_, err := c.Cookie("nokey")
	require.Error(t, err)
}

func TestContextBodyAllowedForStatus(t *testing.T) {
	assert.False(t, false, bodyAllowedForStatus(http.StatusProcessing))
	assert.False(t, false, bodyAllowedForStatus(http.StatusNoContent))
	assert.False(t, false, bodyAllowedForStatus(http.StatusNotModified))
	assert.True(t, true, bodyAllowedForStatus(http.StatusInternalServerError))
}

type TestRender struct{}

func (*TestRender) Render(http.ResponseWriter) error {
	return errTestRender
}

func (*TestRender) WriteContentType(http.ResponseWriter) {}

func TestContextRenderIfErr(t *testing.T) {
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)

	c.Render(http.StatusOK, &TestRender{})

	assert.Equal(t, errorMsgs{&Error{Err: errTestRender, Type: 1}}, c.Errors)
}

// Tests that the response is serialized as JSON
// and Content-Type is set to application/json
// and special HTML characters are escaped
func TestContextRenderJSON(t *testing.T) {
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)

	c.JSON(http.StatusCreated, H{"foo": "bar", "html": "<b>"})

	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusCreated, w.Code)
	assert.Equal(t, "{\"foo\":\"bar\",\"html\":\"\\u003cb\\u003e\"}", w.Body.String())
	assert.Equal(t, "application/json; charset=utf-8", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
}

// Tests that the response is serialized as JSONP
// and Content-Type is set to application/javascript
func TestContextRenderJSONP(t *testing.T) {
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)
	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://example.com/?callback=x", nil)

	c.JSONP(http.StatusCreated, H{"foo": "bar"})

	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusCreated, w.Code)
	assert.Equal(t, "x({\"foo\":\"bar\"});", w.Body.String())
	assert.Equal(t, "application/javascript; charset=utf-8", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
}

// Tests that the response is serialized as JSONP
// and Content-Type is set to application/json
func TestContextRenderJSONPWithoutCallback(t *testing.T) {
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)
	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://example.com", nil)

	c.JSONP(http.StatusCreated, H{"foo": "bar"})

	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusCreated, w.Code)
	assert.Equal(t, "{\"foo\":\"bar\"}", w.Body.String())
	assert.Equal(t, "application/json; charset=utf-8", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
}

// Tests that no JSON is rendered if code is 204
func TestContextRenderNoContentJSON(t *testing.T) {
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)

	c.JSON(http.StatusNoContent, H{"foo": "bar"})

	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusNoContent, w.Code)
	assert.Empty(t, w.Body.String())
	assert.Equal(t, "application/json; charset=utf-8", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
}

// Tests that the response is serialized as JSON
// we change the content-type before
func TestContextRenderAPIJSON(t *testing.T) {
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)

	c.Header("Content-Type", "application/vnd.api+json")
	c.JSON(http.StatusCreated, H{"foo": "bar"})

	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusCreated, w.Code)
	assert.Equal(t, "{\"foo\":\"bar\"}", w.Body.String())
	assert.Equal(t, "application/vnd.api+json", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
}

// Tests that no Custom JSON is rendered if code is 204
func TestContextRenderNoContentAPIJSON(t *testing.T) {
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)

	c.Header("Content-Type", "application/vnd.api+json")
	c.JSON(http.StatusNoContent, H{"foo": "bar"})

	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusNoContent, w.Code)
	assert.Empty(t, w.Body.String())
	assert.Equal(t, "application/vnd.api+json", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
}

// Tests that the response is serialized as JSON
// and Content-Type is set to application/json
func TestContextRenderIndentedJSON(t *testing.T) {
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)

	c.IndentedJSON(http.StatusCreated, H{"foo": "bar", "bar": "foo", "nested": H{"foo": "bar"}})

	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusCreated, w.Code)
	assert.Equal(t, "{\n    \"bar\": \"foo\",\n    \"foo\": \"bar\",\n    \"nested\": {\n        \"foo\": \"bar\"\n    }\n}", w.Body.String())
	assert.Equal(t, "application/json; charset=utf-8", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
}

// Tests that no Custom JSON is rendered if code is 204
func TestContextRenderNoContentIndentedJSON(t *testing.T) {
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)

	c.IndentedJSON(http.StatusNoContent, H{"foo": "bar", "bar": "foo", "nested": H{"foo": "bar"}})

	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusNoContent, w.Code)
	assert.Empty(t, w.Body.String())
	assert.Equal(t, "application/json; charset=utf-8", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
}

// Tests that the response is serialized as Secure JSON
// and Content-Type is set to application/json
func TestContextRenderSecureJSON(t *testing.T) {
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	c, router := CreateTestContext(w)

	router.SecureJsonPrefix("&&&START&&&")
	c.SecureJSON(http.StatusCreated, []string{"foo", "bar"})

	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusCreated, w.Code)
	assert.Equal(t, "&&&START&&&[\"foo\",\"bar\"]", w.Body.String())
	assert.Equal(t, "application/json; charset=utf-8", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
}

// Tests that no Custom JSON is rendered if code is 204
func TestContextRenderNoContentSecureJSON(t *testing.T) {
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)

	c.SecureJSON(http.StatusNoContent, []string{"foo", "bar"})

	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusNoContent, w.Code)
	assert.Empty(t, w.Body.String())
	assert.Equal(t, "application/json; charset=utf-8", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
}

func TestContextRenderNoContentAsciiJSON(t *testing.T) {
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)

	c.AsciiJSON(http.StatusNoContent, []string{"lang", "Go语言"})

	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusNoContent, w.Code)
	assert.Empty(t, w.Body.String())
	assert.Equal(t, "application/json", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
}

// Tests that the response is serialized as JSON
// and Content-Type is set to application/json
// and special HTML characters are preserved
func TestContextRenderPureJSON(t *testing.T) {
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)
	c.PureJSON(http.StatusCreated, H{"foo": "bar", "html": "<b>"})
	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusCreated, w.Code)
	assert.Equal(t, "{\"foo\":\"bar\",\"html\":\"<b>\"}\n", w.Body.String())
	assert.Equal(t, "application/json; charset=utf-8", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
}

// Tests that the response executes the templates
// and responds with Content-Type set to text/html
func TestContextRenderHTML(t *testing.T) {
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	c, router := CreateTestContext(w)

	templ := template.Must(template.New("t").Parse(`Hello {{.name}}`))
	router.SetHTMLTemplate(templ)

	c.HTML(http.StatusCreated, "t", H{"name": "alexandernyquist"})

	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusCreated, w.Code)
	assert.Equal(t, "Hello alexandernyquist", w.Body.String())
	assert.Equal(t, "text/html; charset=utf-8", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
}

func TestContextRenderHTML2(t *testing.T) {
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	c, router := CreateTestContext(w)

	// print debug warning log when Engine.trees > 0
	router.addRoute(http.MethodGet, "/", HandlersChain{func(_ *Context) {}})
	assert.Len(t, router.trees, 1)

	templ := template.Must(template.New("t").Parse(`Hello {{.name}}`))
	re := captureOutput(t, func() {
		SetMode(DebugMode)
		router.SetHTMLTemplate(templ)
		SetMode(TestMode)
	})

	assert.Equal(t, "[GIN-debug] [WARNING] Since SetHTMLTemplate() is NOT thread-safe. It should only be called\nat initialization. ie. before any route is registered or the router is listening in a socket:\n\n\trouter := gin.Default()\n\trouter.SetHTMLTemplate(template) // << good place\n\n", re)

	c.HTML(http.StatusCreated, "t", H{"name": "alexandernyquist"})

	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusCreated, w.Code)
	assert.Equal(t, "Hello alexandernyquist", w.Body.String())
	assert.Equal(t, "text/html; charset=utf-8", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
}

// Tests that no HTML is rendered if code is 204
func TestContextRenderNoContentHTML(t *testing.T) {
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	c, router := CreateTestContext(w)
	templ := template.Must(template.New("t").Parse(`Hello {{.name}}`))
	router.SetHTMLTemplate(templ)

	c.HTML(http.StatusNoContent, "t", H{"name": "alexandernyquist"})

	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusNoContent, w.Code)
	assert.Empty(t, w.Body.String())
	assert.Equal(t, "text/html; charset=utf-8", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
}

// TestContextXML tests that the response is serialized as XML
// and Content-Type is set to application/xml
func TestContextRenderXML(t *testing.T) {
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)

	c.XML(http.StatusCreated, H{"foo": "bar"})

	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusCreated, w.Code)
	assert.Equal(t, "<map><foo>bar</foo></map>", w.Body.String())
	assert.Equal(t, "application/xml; charset=utf-8", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
}

// Tests that no XML is rendered if code is 204
func TestContextRenderNoContentXML(t *testing.T) {
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)

	c.XML(http.StatusNoContent, H{"foo": "bar"})

	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusNoContent, w.Code)
	assert.Empty(t, w.Body.String())
	assert.Equal(t, "application/xml; charset=utf-8", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
}

// TestContextString tests that the response is returned
// with Content-Type set to text/plain
func TestContextRenderString(t *testing.T) {
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)

	c.String(http.StatusCreated, "test %s %d", "string", 2)

	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusCreated, w.Code)
	assert.Equal(t, "test string 2", w.Body.String())
	assert.Equal(t, "text/plain; charset=utf-8", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
}

// Tests that no String is rendered if code is 204
func TestContextRenderNoContentString(t *testing.T) {
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)

	c.String(http.StatusNoContent, "test %s %d", "string", 2)

	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusNoContent, w.Code)
	assert.Empty(t, w.Body.String())
	assert.Equal(t, "text/plain; charset=utf-8", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
}

// TestContextString tests that the response is returned
// with Content-Type set to text/html
func TestContextRenderHTMLString(t *testing.T) {
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)

	c.Header("Content-Type", "text/html; charset=utf-8")
	c.String(http.StatusCreated, "<html>%s %d</html>", "string", 3)

	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusCreated, w.Code)
	assert.Equal(t, "<html>string 3</html>", w.Body.String())
	assert.Equal(t, "text/html; charset=utf-8", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
}

// Tests that no HTML String is rendered if code is 204
func TestContextRenderNoContentHTMLString(t *testing.T) {
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)

	c.Header("Content-Type", "text/html; charset=utf-8")
	c.String(http.StatusNoContent, "<html>%s %d</html>", "string", 3)

	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusNoContent, w.Code)
	assert.Empty(t, w.Body.String())
	assert.Equal(t, "text/html; charset=utf-8", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
}

// TestContextRenderData tests that the response can be written from `bytestring`
// with specified MIME type
func TestContextRenderData(t *testing.T) {
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)

	c.Data(http.StatusCreated, "text/csv", []byte(`foo,bar`))

	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusCreated, w.Code)
	assert.Equal(t, "foo,bar", w.Body.String())
	assert.Equal(t, "text/csv", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
}

// Tests that no Custom Data is rendered if code is 204
func TestContextRenderNoContentData(t *testing.T) {
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)

	c.Data(http.StatusNoContent, "text/csv", []byte(`foo,bar`))

	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusNoContent, w.Code)
	assert.Empty(t, w.Body.String())
	assert.Equal(t, "text/csv", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
}

func TestContextRenderSSE(t *testing.T) {
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)

	c.SSEvent("float", 1.5)
	c.Render(-1, sse.Event{
		Id:   "123",
		Data: "text",
	})
	c.SSEvent("chat", H{
		"foo": "bar",
		"bar": "foo",
	})

	assert.Equal(t, strings.Replace(w.Body.String(), " ", "", -1), strings.Replace("event:float\ndata:1.5\n\nid:123\ndata:text\n\nevent:chat\ndata:{\"bar\":\"foo\",\"foo\":\"bar\"}\n\n", " ", "", -1))
}

func TestContextRenderFile(t *testing.T) {
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)

	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/", nil)
	c.File("./gin.go")

	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
	assert.Contains(t, w.Body.String(), "func New(opts ...OptionFunc) *Engine {")
	// Content-Type='text/plain; charset=utf-8' when go version <= 1.16,
	// else, Content-Type='text/x-go; charset=utf-8'
	assert.NotEqual(t, "", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
}

func TestContextRenderFileFromFS(t *testing.T) {
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)

	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/some/path", nil)
	c.FileFromFS("./gin.go", Dir(".", false))

	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
	assert.Contains(t, w.Body.String(), "func New(opts ...OptionFunc) *Engine {")
	// Content-Type='text/plain; charset=utf-8' when go version <= 1.16,
	// else, Content-Type='text/x-go; charset=utf-8'
	assert.NotEqual(t, "", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
	assert.Equal(t, "/some/path", c.Request.URL.Path)
}

func TestContextRenderAttachment(t *testing.T) {
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)
	newFilename := "new_filename.go"

	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/", nil)
	c.FileAttachment("./gin.go", newFilename)

	assert.Equal(t, 200, w.Code)
	assert.Contains(t, w.Body.String(), "func New(opts ...OptionFunc) *Engine {")
	assert.Equal(t, fmt.Sprintf("attachment; filename=\"%s\"", newFilename), w.Header().Get("Content-Disposition"))
}

func TestContextRenderAndEscapeAttachment(t *testing.T) {
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)
	maliciousFilename := "tampering_field.sh\"; \\\"; dummy=.go"
	actualEscapedResponseFilename := "tampering_field.sh\\\"; \\\\\\\"; dummy=.go"

	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/", nil)
	c.FileAttachment("./gin.go", maliciousFilename)

	assert.Equal(t, 200, w.Code)
	assert.Contains(t, w.Body.String(), "func New(opts ...OptionFunc) *Engine {")
	assert.Equal(t, fmt.Sprintf("attachment; filename=\"%s\"", actualEscapedResponseFilename), w.Header().Get("Content-Disposition"))
}

func TestContextRenderUTF8Attachment(t *testing.T) {
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)
	newFilename := "new🧡_filename.go"

	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/", nil)
	c.FileAttachment("./gin.go", newFilename)

	assert.Equal(t, 200, w.Code)
	assert.Contains(t, w.Body.String(), "func New(opts ...OptionFunc) *Engine {")
	assert.Equal(t, `attachment; filename*=UTF-8''`+url.QueryEscape(newFilename), w.Header().Get("Content-Disposition"))
}

// TestContextRenderYAML tests that the response is serialized as YAML
// and Content-Type is set to application/yaml
func TestContextRenderYAML(t *testing.T) {
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)

	c.YAML(http.StatusCreated, H{"foo": "bar"})

	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusCreated, w.Code)
	assert.Equal(t, "foo: bar\n", w.Body.String())
	assert.Equal(t, "application/yaml; charset=utf-8", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
}

// TestContextRenderTOML tests that the response is serialized as TOML
// and Content-Type is set to application/toml
func TestContextRenderTOML(t *testing.T) {
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)

	c.TOML(http.StatusCreated, H{"foo": "bar"})

	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusCreated, w.Code)
	assert.Equal(t, "foo = 'bar'\n", w.Body.String())
	assert.Equal(t, "application/toml; charset=utf-8", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
}

// TestContextRenderProtoBuf tests that the response is serialized as ProtoBuf
// and Content-Type is set to application/x-protobuf
// and we just use the example protobuf to check if the response is correct
func TestContextRenderProtoBuf(t *testing.T) {
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)

	reps := []int64{int64(1), int64(2)}
	label := "test"
	data := &testdata.Test{
		Label: &label,
		Reps:  reps,
	}

	c.ProtoBuf(http.StatusCreated, data)

	protoData, err := proto.Marshal(data)
	require.NoError(t, err)

	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusCreated, w.Code)
	assert.Equal(t, string(protoData), w.Body.String())
	assert.Equal(t, "application/x-protobuf", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
}

func TestContextHeaders(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	c.Header("Content-Type", "text/plain")
	c.Header("X-Custom", "value")

	assert.Equal(t, "text/plain", c.Writer.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
	assert.Equal(t, "value", c.Writer.Header().Get("X-Custom"))

	c.Header("Content-Type", "text/html")
	c.Header("X-Custom", "")

	assert.Equal(t, "text/html", c.Writer.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
	_, exist := c.Writer.Header()["X-Custom"]
	assert.False(t, exist)
}

// TODO
func TestContextRenderRedirectWithRelativePath(t *testing.T) {
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)

	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "http://example.com", nil)
	assert.Panics(t, func() { c.Redirect(299, "/new_path") })
	assert.Panics(t, func() { c.Redirect(309, "/new_path") })

	c.Redirect(http.StatusMovedPermanently, "/path")
	c.Writer.WriteHeaderNow()
	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusMovedPermanently, w.Code)
	assert.Equal(t, "/path", w.Header().Get("Location"))
}

func TestContextRenderRedirectWithAbsolutePath(t *testing.T) {
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)

	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "http://example.com", nil)
	c.Redirect(http.StatusFound, "http://google.com")
	c.Writer.WriteHeaderNow()

	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusFound, w.Code)
	assert.Equal(t, "http://google.com", w.Header().Get("Location"))
}

func TestContextRenderRedirectWith201(t *testing.T) {
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)

	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "http://example.com", nil)
	c.Redirect(http.StatusCreated, "/resource")
	c.Writer.WriteHeaderNow()

	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusCreated, w.Code)
	assert.Equal(t, "/resource", w.Header().Get("Location"))
}

func TestContextRenderRedirectAll(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "http://example.com", nil)
	assert.Panics(t, func() { c.Redirect(http.StatusOK, "/resource") })
	assert.Panics(t, func() { c.Redirect(http.StatusAccepted, "/resource") })
	assert.Panics(t, func() { c.Redirect(299, "/resource") })
	assert.Panics(t, func() { c.Redirect(309, "/resource") })
	assert.NotPanics(t, func() { c.Redirect(http.StatusMultipleChoices, "/resource") })
	assert.NotPanics(t, func() { c.Redirect(http.StatusPermanentRedirect, "/resource") })
}

func TestContextNegotiationWithJSON(t *testing.T) {
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)
	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "", nil)

	c.Negotiate(http.StatusOK, Negotiate{
		Offered: []string{MIMEJSON, MIMEXML, MIMEYAML, MIMEYAML2},
		Data:    H{"foo": "bar"},
	})

	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
	assert.Equal(t, "{\"foo\":\"bar\"}", w.Body.String())
	assert.Equal(t, "application/json; charset=utf-8", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
}

func TestContextNegotiationWithXML(t *testing.T) {
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)
	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "", nil)

	c.Negotiate(http.StatusOK, Negotiate{
		Offered: []string{MIMEXML, MIMEJSON, MIMEYAML, MIMEYAML2},
		Data:    H{"foo": "bar"},
	})

	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
	assert.Equal(t, "<map><foo>bar</foo></map>", w.Body.String())
	assert.Equal(t, "application/xml; charset=utf-8", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
}

func TestContextNegotiationWithYAML(t *testing.T) {
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)
	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "", nil)

	c.Negotiate(http.StatusOK, Negotiate{
		Offered: []string{MIMEYAML, MIMEXML, MIMEJSON, MIMETOML, MIMEYAML2},
		Data:    H{"foo": "bar"},
	})

	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
	assert.Equal(t, "foo: bar\n", w.Body.String())
	assert.Equal(t, "application/yaml; charset=utf-8", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
}

func TestContextNegotiationWithTOML(t *testing.T) {
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)
	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "", nil)

	c.Negotiate(http.StatusOK, Negotiate{
		Offered: []string{MIMETOML, MIMEXML, MIMEJSON, MIMEYAML, MIMEYAML2},
		Data:    H{"foo": "bar"},
	})

	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
	assert.Equal(t, "foo = 'bar'\n", w.Body.String())
	assert.Equal(t, "application/toml; charset=utf-8", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
}

func TestContextNegotiationWithHTML(t *testing.T) {
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	c, router := CreateTestContext(w)
	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "", nil)
	templ := template.Must(template.New("t").Parse(`Hello {{.name}}`))
	router.SetHTMLTemplate(templ)

	c.Negotiate(http.StatusOK, Negotiate{
		Offered:  []string{MIMEHTML},
		Data:     H{"name": "gin"},
		HTMLName: "t",
	})

	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
	assert.Equal(t, "Hello gin", w.Body.String())
	assert.Equal(t, "text/html; charset=utf-8", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
}

func TestContextNegotiationNotSupport(t *testing.T) {
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)
	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "", nil)

	c.Negotiate(http.StatusOK, Negotiate{
		Offered: []string{MIMEPOSTForm},
	})

	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusNotAcceptable, w.Code)
	assert.Equal(t, abortIndex, c.index)
	assert.True(t, c.IsAborted())
}

func TestContextNegotiationFormat(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "", nil)

	assert.Panics(t, func() { c.NegotiateFormat() })
	assert.Equal(t, MIMEJSON, c.NegotiateFormat(MIMEJSON, MIMEXML))
	assert.Equal(t, MIMEHTML, c.NegotiateFormat(MIMEHTML, MIMEJSON))
}

func TestContextNegotiationFormatWithAccept(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", nil)
	c.Request.Header.Add("Accept", "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9;q=0.8")

	assert.Equal(t, MIMEXML, c.NegotiateFormat(MIMEJSON, MIMEXML))
	assert.Equal(t, MIMEHTML, c.NegotiateFormat(MIMEXML, MIMEHTML))
	assert.Empty(t, c.NegotiateFormat(MIMEJSON))
}

func TestContextNegotiationFormatWithWildcardAccept(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", nil)
	c.Request.Header.Add("Accept", "*/*")

	assert.Equal(t, "*/*", c.NegotiateFormat("*/*"))
	assert.Equal(t, "text/*", c.NegotiateFormat("text/*"))
	assert.Equal(t, "application/*", c.NegotiateFormat("application/*"))
	assert.Equal(t, MIMEJSON, c.NegotiateFormat(MIMEJSON))
	assert.Equal(t, MIMEXML, c.NegotiateFormat(MIMEXML))
	assert.Equal(t, MIMEHTML, c.NegotiateFormat(MIMEHTML))

	c, _ = CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", nil)
	c.Request.Header.Add("Accept", "text/*")

	assert.Equal(t, "*/*", c.NegotiateFormat("*/*"))
	assert.Equal(t, "text/*", c.NegotiateFormat("text/*"))
	assert.Equal(t, "", c.NegotiateFormat("application/*"))
	assert.Equal(t, "", c.NegotiateFormat(MIMEJSON))
	assert.Equal(t, "", c.NegotiateFormat(MIMEXML))
	assert.Equal(t, MIMEHTML, c.NegotiateFormat(MIMEHTML))
}

func TestContextNegotiationFormatCustom(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", nil)
	c.Request.Header.Add("Accept", "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9;q=0.8")

	c.Accepted = nil
	c.SetAccepted(MIMEJSON, MIMEXML)

	assert.Equal(t, MIMEJSON, c.NegotiateFormat(MIMEJSON, MIMEXML))
	assert.Equal(t, MIMEXML, c.NegotiateFormat(MIMEXML, MIMEHTML))
	assert.Equal(t, MIMEJSON, c.NegotiateFormat(MIMEJSON))
}

func TestContextNegotiationFormat2(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", nil)
	c.Request.Header.Add("Accept", "image/tiff-fx")

	assert.Equal(t, "", c.NegotiateFormat("image/tiff"))
}

func TestContextIsAborted(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	assert.False(t, c.IsAborted())

	c.Abort()
	assert.True(t, c.IsAborted())

	c.Next()
	assert.True(t, c.IsAborted())

	c.index++
	assert.True(t, c.IsAborted())
}

// TestContextAbortWithStatus tests that the response can be written from `bytestring`
// with specified MIME type
func TestContextAbortWithStatus(t *testing.T) {
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)

	c.index = 4
	c.AbortWithStatus(http.StatusUnauthorized)

	assert.Equal(t, abortIndex, c.index)
	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusUnauthorized, c.Writer.Status())
	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusUnauthorized, w.Code)
	assert.True(t, c.IsAborted())
}

type testJSONAbortMsg struct {
	Foo string `json:"foo"`
	Bar string `json:"bar"`
}

func TestContextAbortWithStatusJSON(t *testing.T) {
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)
	c.index = 4

	in := new(testJSONAbortMsg)
	in.Bar = "barValue"
	in.Foo = "fooValue"

	c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusUnsupportedMediaType, in)

	assert.Equal(t, abortIndex, c.index)
	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusUnsupportedMediaType, c.Writer.Status())
	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusUnsupportedMediaType, w.Code)
	assert.True(t, c.IsAborted())

	contentType := w.Header().Get("Content-Type")
	assert.Equal(t, "application/json; charset=utf-8", contentType)

	buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
	_, err := buf.ReadFrom(w.Body)
	require.NoError(t, err)
	jsonStringBody := buf.String()
	assert.Equal(t, "{\"foo\":\"fooValue\",\"bar\":\"barValue\"}", jsonStringBody)
}

func TestContextError(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	assert.Empty(t, c.Errors)

	firstErr := errors.New("first error")
	c.Error(firstErr) //nolint: errcheck
	assert.Len(t, c.Errors, 1)
	assert.Equal(t, "Error #01: first error\n", c.Errors.String())

	secondErr := errors.New("second error")
	c.Error(&Error{ //nolint: errcheck
		Err:  secondErr,
		Meta: "some data 2",
		Type: ErrorTypePublic,
	})
	assert.Len(t, c.Errors, 2)

	assert.Equal(t, firstErr, c.Errors[0].Err)
	assert.Nil(t, c.Errors[0].Meta)
	assert.Equal(t, ErrorTypePrivate, c.Errors[0].Type)

	assert.Equal(t, secondErr, c.Errors[1].Err)
	assert.Equal(t, "some data 2", c.Errors[1].Meta)
	assert.Equal(t, ErrorTypePublic, c.Errors[1].Type)

	assert.Equal(t, c.Errors.Last(), c.Errors[1])

	defer func() {
		if recover() == nil {
			t.Error("didn't panic")
		}
	}()
	c.Error(nil) //nolint: errcheck
}

func TestContextTypedError(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	c.Error(errors.New("externo 0")).SetType(ErrorTypePublic)  //nolint: errcheck
	c.Error(errors.New("interno 0")).SetType(ErrorTypePrivate) //nolint: errcheck

	for _, err := range c.Errors.ByType(ErrorTypePublic) {
		assert.Equal(t, ErrorTypePublic, err.Type)
	}
	for _, err := range c.Errors.ByType(ErrorTypePrivate) {
		assert.Equal(t, ErrorTypePrivate, err.Type)
	}
	assert.Equal(t, []string{"externo 0", "interno 0"}, c.Errors.Errors())
}

func TestContextAbortWithError(t *testing.T) {
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)

	c.AbortWithError(http.StatusUnauthorized, errors.New("bad input")).SetMeta("some input") //nolint: errcheck

	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusUnauthorized, w.Code)
	assert.Equal(t, abortIndex, c.index)
	assert.True(t, c.IsAborted())
}

func TestContextClientIP(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", nil)
	c.engine.trustedCIDRs, _ = c.engine.prepareTrustedCIDRs()
	resetContextForClientIPTests(c)

	// Legacy tests (validating that the defaults don't break the
	// (insecure!) old behaviour)
	assert.Equal(t, "20.20.20.20", c.ClientIP())

	c.Request.Header.Del("X-Forwarded-For")
	assert.Equal(t, "10.10.10.10", c.ClientIP())

	c.Request.Header.Set("X-Forwarded-For", "30.30.30.30  ")
	assert.Equal(t, "30.30.30.30", c.ClientIP())

	c.Request.Header.Del("X-Forwarded-For")
	c.Request.Header.Del("X-Real-IP")
	c.engine.TrustedPlatform = PlatformGoogleAppEngine
	assert.Equal(t, "50.50.50.50", c.ClientIP())

	c.Request.Header.Del("X-Appengine-Remote-Addr")
	assert.Equal(t, "40.40.40.40", c.ClientIP())

	// no port
	c.Request.RemoteAddr = "50.50.50.50"
	assert.Empty(t, c.ClientIP())

	// Tests exercising the TrustedProxies functionality
	resetContextForClientIPTests(c)

	// IPv6 support
	c.Request.RemoteAddr = "[::1]:12345"
	assert.Equal(t, "20.20.20.20", c.ClientIP())

	resetContextForClientIPTests(c)
	// No trusted proxies
	_ = c.engine.SetTrustedProxies([]string{})
	c.engine.RemoteIPHeaders = []string{"X-Forwarded-For"}
	assert.Equal(t, "40.40.40.40", c.ClientIP())

	// Disabled TrustedProxies feature
	_ = c.engine.SetTrustedProxies(nil)
	assert.Equal(t, "40.40.40.40", c.ClientIP())

	// Last proxy is trusted, but the RemoteAddr is not
	_ = c.engine.SetTrustedProxies([]string{"30.30.30.30"})
	assert.Equal(t, "40.40.40.40", c.ClientIP())

	// Only trust RemoteAddr
	_ = c.engine.SetTrustedProxies([]string{"40.40.40.40"})
	assert.Equal(t, "30.30.30.30", c.ClientIP())

	// All steps are trusted
	_ = c.engine.SetTrustedProxies([]string{"40.40.40.40", "30.30.30.30", "20.20.20.20"})
	assert.Equal(t, "20.20.20.20", c.ClientIP())

	// Use CIDR
	_ = c.engine.SetTrustedProxies([]string{"40.40.25.25/16", "30.30.30.30"})
	assert.Equal(t, "20.20.20.20", c.ClientIP())

	// Use hostname that resolves to all the proxies
	_ = c.engine.SetTrustedProxies([]string{"foo"})
	assert.Equal(t, "40.40.40.40", c.ClientIP())

	// Use hostname that returns an error
	_ = c.engine.SetTrustedProxies([]string{"bar"})
	assert.Equal(t, "40.40.40.40", c.ClientIP())

	// X-Forwarded-For has a non-IP element
	_ = c.engine.SetTrustedProxies([]string{"40.40.40.40"})
	c.Request.Header.Set("X-Forwarded-For", " blah ")
	assert.Equal(t, "40.40.40.40", c.ClientIP())

	// Result from LookupHost has non-IP element. This should never
	// happen, but we should test it to make sure we handle it
	// gracefully.
	_ = c.engine.SetTrustedProxies([]string{"baz"})
	c.Request.Header.Set("X-Forwarded-For", " 30.30.30.30 ")
	assert.Equal(t, "40.40.40.40", c.ClientIP())

	_ = c.engine.SetTrustedProxies([]string{"40.40.40.40"})
	c.Request.Header.Del("X-Forwarded-For")
	c.engine.RemoteIPHeaders = []string{"X-Forwarded-For", "X-Real-IP"}
	assert.Equal(t, "10.10.10.10", c.ClientIP())

	c.engine.RemoteIPHeaders = []string{}
	c.engine.TrustedPlatform = PlatformGoogleAppEngine
	assert.Equal(t, "50.50.50.50", c.ClientIP())

	// Use custom TrustedPlatform header
	c.engine.TrustedPlatform = "X-CDN-IP"
	c.Request.Header.Set("X-CDN-IP", "80.80.80.80")
	assert.Equal(t, "80.80.80.80", c.ClientIP())
	// wrong header
	c.engine.TrustedPlatform = "X-Wrong-Header"
	assert.Equal(t, "40.40.40.40", c.ClientIP())

	c.Request.Header.Del("X-CDN-IP")
	// TrustedPlatform is empty
	c.engine.TrustedPlatform = ""
	assert.Equal(t, "40.40.40.40", c.ClientIP())

	// Test the legacy flag
	c.engine.AppEngine = true
	assert.Equal(t, "50.50.50.50", c.ClientIP())
	c.engine.AppEngine = false
	c.engine.TrustedPlatform = PlatformGoogleAppEngine

	c.Request.Header.Del("X-Appengine-Remote-Addr")
	assert.Equal(t, "40.40.40.40", c.ClientIP())

	c.engine.TrustedPlatform = PlatformCloudflare
	assert.Equal(t, "60.60.60.60", c.ClientIP())

	c.Request.Header.Del("CF-Connecting-IP")
	assert.Equal(t, "40.40.40.40", c.ClientIP())

	c.engine.TrustedPlatform = PlatformFlyIO
	assert.Equal(t, "70.70.70.70", c.ClientIP())

	c.Request.Header.Del("Fly-Client-IP")
	assert.Equal(t, "40.40.40.40", c.ClientIP())

	c.engine.TrustedPlatform = ""

	// no port
	c.Request.RemoteAddr = "50.50.50.50"
	assert.Empty(t, c.ClientIP())
}

func resetContextForClientIPTests(c *Context) {
	c.Request.Header.Set("X-Real-IP", " 10.10.10.10  ")
	c.Request.Header.Set("X-Forwarded-For", "  20.20.20.20, 30.30.30.30")
	c.Request.Header.Set("X-Appengine-Remote-Addr", "50.50.50.50")
	c.Request.Header.Set("CF-Connecting-IP", "60.60.60.60")
	c.Request.Header.Set("Fly-Client-IP", "70.70.70.70")
	c.Request.RemoteAddr = "  40.40.40.40:42123 "
	c.engine.TrustedPlatform = ""
	c.engine.trustedCIDRs = defaultTrustedCIDRs
	c.engine.AppEngine = false
}

func TestContextContentType(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", nil)
	c.Request.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=utf-8")

	assert.Equal(t, "application/json", c.ContentType())
}

func TestContextAutoBindJSON(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", bytes.NewBufferString("{\"foo\":\"bar\", \"bar\":\"foo\"}"))
	c.Request.Header.Add("Content-Type", MIMEJSON)

	var obj struct {
		Foo string `json:"foo"`
		Bar string `json:"bar"`
	}
	require.NoError(t, c.Bind(&obj))
	assert.Equal(t, "foo", obj.Bar)
	assert.Equal(t, "bar", obj.Foo)
	assert.Empty(t, c.Errors)
}

func TestContextBindWithJSON(t *testing.T) {
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)

	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", bytes.NewBufferString("{\"foo\":\"bar\", \"bar\":\"foo\"}"))
	c.Request.Header.Add("Content-Type", MIMEXML) // set fake content-type

	var obj struct {
		Foo string `json:"foo"`
		Bar string `json:"bar"`
	}
	require.NoError(t, c.BindJSON(&obj))
	assert.Equal(t, "foo", obj.Bar)
	assert.Equal(t, "bar", obj.Foo)
	assert.Equal(t, 0, w.Body.Len())
}

func TestContextBindWithXML(t *testing.T) {
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)

	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", bytes.NewBufferString(`<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
		<root>
			<foo>FOO</foo>
		   	<bar>BAR</bar>
		</root>`))
	c.Request.Header.Add("Content-Type", MIMEXML) // set fake content-type

	var obj struct {
		Foo string `xml:"foo"`
		Bar string `xml:"bar"`
	}
	require.NoError(t, c.BindXML(&obj))
	assert.Equal(t, "FOO", obj.Foo)
	assert.Equal(t, "BAR", obj.Bar)
	assert.Equal(t, 0, w.Body.Len())
}

func TestContextBindPlain(t *testing.T) {
	// string
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)
	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", bytes.NewBufferString(`test string`))
	c.Request.Header.Add("Content-Type", MIMEPlain)

	var s string

	require.NoError(t, c.BindPlain(&s))
	assert.Equal(t, "test string", s)
	assert.Equal(t, 0, w.Body.Len())

	// []byte
	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", bytes.NewBufferString(`test []byte`))
	c.Request.Header.Add("Content-Type", MIMEPlain)

	var bs []byte

	require.NoError(t, c.BindPlain(&bs))
	assert.Equal(t, []byte("test []byte"), bs)
	assert.Equal(t, 0, w.Body.Len())
}

func TestContextBindHeader(t *testing.T) {
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)

	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", nil)
	c.Request.Header.Add("rate", "8000")
	c.Request.Header.Add("domain", "music")
	c.Request.Header.Add("limit", "1000")

	var testHeader struct {
		Rate   int    `header:"Rate"`
		Domain string `header:"Domain"`
		Limit  int    `header:"limit"`
	}

	require.NoError(t, c.BindHeader(&testHeader))
	assert.Equal(t, 8000, testHeader.Rate)
	assert.Equal(t, "music", testHeader.Domain)
	assert.Equal(t, 1000, testHeader.Limit)
	assert.Equal(t, 0, w.Body.Len())
}

func TestContextBindWithQuery(t *testing.T) {
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)

	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/?foo=bar&bar=foo", bytes.NewBufferString("foo=unused"))

	var obj struct {
		Foo string `form:"foo"`
		Bar string `form:"bar"`
	}
	require.NoError(t, c.BindQuery(&obj))
	assert.Equal(t, "foo", obj.Bar)
	assert.Equal(t, "bar", obj.Foo)
	assert.Equal(t, 0, w.Body.Len())
}

func TestContextBindWithYAML(t *testing.T) {
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)

	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", bytes.NewBufferString("foo: bar\nbar: foo"))
	c.Request.Header.Add("Content-Type", MIMEXML) // set fake content-type

	var obj struct {
		Foo string `yaml:"foo"`
		Bar string `yaml:"bar"`
	}
	require.NoError(t, c.BindYAML(&obj))
	assert.Equal(t, "foo", obj.Bar)
	assert.Equal(t, "bar", obj.Foo)
	assert.Equal(t, 0, w.Body.Len())
}

func TestContextBindWithTOML(t *testing.T) {
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)

	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", bytes.NewBufferString("foo = 'bar'\nbar = 'foo'"))
	c.Request.Header.Add("Content-Type", MIMEXML) // set fake content-type

	var obj struct {
		Foo string `toml:"foo"`
		Bar string `toml:"bar"`
	}
	require.NoError(t, c.BindTOML(&obj))
	assert.Equal(t, "foo", obj.Bar)
	assert.Equal(t, "bar", obj.Foo)
	assert.Equal(t, 0, w.Body.Len())
}

func TestContextBadAutoBind(t *testing.T) {
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)

	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "http://example.com", bytes.NewBufferString("\"foo\":\"bar\", \"bar\":\"foo\"}"))
	c.Request.Header.Add("Content-Type", MIMEJSON)
	var obj struct {
		Foo string `json:"foo"`
		Bar string `json:"bar"`
	}

	assert.False(t, c.IsAborted())
	require.Error(t, c.Bind(&obj))
	c.Writer.WriteHeaderNow()

	assert.Empty(t, obj.Bar)
	assert.Empty(t, obj.Foo)
	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, w.Code)
	assert.True(t, c.IsAborted())
}

func TestContextAutoShouldBindJSON(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", bytes.NewBufferString("{\"foo\":\"bar\", \"bar\":\"foo\"}"))
	c.Request.Header.Add("Content-Type", MIMEJSON)

	var obj struct {
		Foo string `json:"foo"`
		Bar string `json:"bar"`
	}
	require.NoError(t, c.ShouldBind(&obj))
	assert.Equal(t, "foo", obj.Bar)
	assert.Equal(t, "bar", obj.Foo)
	assert.Empty(t, c.Errors)
}

func TestContextShouldBindWithJSON(t *testing.T) {
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)

	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", bytes.NewBufferString("{\"foo\":\"bar\", \"bar\":\"foo\"}"))
	c.Request.Header.Add("Content-Type", MIMEXML) // set fake content-type

	var obj struct {
		Foo string `json:"foo"`
		Bar string `json:"bar"`
	}
	require.NoError(t, c.ShouldBindJSON(&obj))
	assert.Equal(t, "foo", obj.Bar)
	assert.Equal(t, "bar", obj.Foo)
	assert.Equal(t, 0, w.Body.Len())
}

func TestContextShouldBindWithXML(t *testing.T) {
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)

	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", bytes.NewBufferString(`<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
		<root>
			<foo>FOO</foo>
			<bar>BAR</bar>
		</root>`))
	c.Request.Header.Add("Content-Type", MIMEXML) // set fake content-type

	var obj struct {
		Foo string `xml:"foo"`
		Bar string `xml:"bar"`
	}
	require.NoError(t, c.ShouldBindXML(&obj))
	assert.Equal(t, "FOO", obj.Foo)
	assert.Equal(t, "BAR", obj.Bar)
	assert.Equal(t, 0, w.Body.Len())
}

func TestContextShouldBindPlain(t *testing.T) {
	// string
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)
	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", bytes.NewBufferString(`test string`))
	c.Request.Header.Add("Content-Type", MIMEPlain)

	var s string

	require.NoError(t, c.ShouldBindPlain(&s))
	assert.Equal(t, "test string", s)
	assert.Equal(t, 0, w.Body.Len())
	// []byte

	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", bytes.NewBufferString(`test []byte`))
	c.Request.Header.Add("Content-Type", MIMEPlain)

	var bs []byte

	require.NoError(t, c.ShouldBindPlain(&bs))
	assert.Equal(t, []byte("test []byte"), bs)
	assert.Equal(t, 0, w.Body.Len())
}

func TestContextShouldBindHeader(t *testing.T) {
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)

	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", nil)
	c.Request.Header.Add("rate", "8000")
	c.Request.Header.Add("domain", "music")
	c.Request.Header.Add("limit", "1000")

	var testHeader struct {
		Rate   int    `header:"Rate"`
		Domain string `header:"Domain"`
		Limit  int    `header:"limit"`
	}

	require.NoError(t, c.ShouldBindHeader(&testHeader))
	assert.Equal(t, 8000, testHeader.Rate)
	assert.Equal(t, "music", testHeader.Domain)
	assert.Equal(t, 1000, testHeader.Limit)
	assert.Equal(t, 0, w.Body.Len())
}

func TestContextShouldBindWithQuery(t *testing.T) {
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)

	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/?foo=bar&bar=foo&Foo=bar1&Bar=foo1", bytes.NewBufferString("foo=unused"))

	var obj struct {
		Foo  string `form:"foo"`
		Bar  string `form:"bar"`
		Foo1 string `form:"Foo"`
		Bar1 string `form:"Bar"`
	}
	require.NoError(t, c.ShouldBindQuery(&obj))
	assert.Equal(t, "foo", obj.Bar)
	assert.Equal(t, "bar", obj.Foo)
	assert.Equal(t, "foo1", obj.Bar1)
	assert.Equal(t, "bar1", obj.Foo1)
	assert.Equal(t, 0, w.Body.Len())
}

func TestContextShouldBindWithYAML(t *testing.T) {
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)

	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", bytes.NewBufferString("foo: bar\nbar: foo"))
	c.Request.Header.Add("Content-Type", MIMEXML) // set fake content-type

	var obj struct {
		Foo string `yaml:"foo"`
		Bar string `yaml:"bar"`
	}
	require.NoError(t, c.ShouldBindYAML(&obj))
	assert.Equal(t, "foo", obj.Bar)
	assert.Equal(t, "bar", obj.Foo)
	assert.Equal(t, 0, w.Body.Len())
}

func TestContextShouldBindWithTOML(t *testing.T) {
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)

	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", bytes.NewBufferString("foo='bar'\nbar= 'foo'"))
	c.Request.Header.Add("Content-Type", MIMETOML) // set fake content-type

	var obj struct {
		Foo string `toml:"foo"`
		Bar string `toml:"bar"`
	}
	require.NoError(t, c.ShouldBindTOML(&obj))
	assert.Equal(t, "foo", obj.Bar)
	assert.Equal(t, "bar", obj.Foo)
	assert.Equal(t, 0, w.Body.Len())
}

func TestContextBadAutoShouldBind(t *testing.T) {
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)

	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "http://example.com", bytes.NewBufferString("\"foo\":\"bar\", \"bar\":\"foo\"}"))
	c.Request.Header.Add("Content-Type", MIMEJSON)
	var obj struct {
		Foo string `json:"foo"`
		Bar string `json:"bar"`
	}

	assert.False(t, c.IsAborted())
	require.Error(t, c.ShouldBind(&obj))

	assert.Empty(t, obj.Bar)
	assert.Empty(t, obj.Foo)
	assert.False(t, c.IsAborted())
}

func TestContextShouldBindBodyWith(t *testing.T) {
	type typeA struct {
		Foo string `json:"foo" xml:"foo" binding:"required"`
	}
	type typeB struct {
		Bar string `json:"bar" xml:"bar" binding:"required"`
	}
	for _, tt := range []struct {
		name               string
		bindingA, bindingB binding.BindingBody
		bodyA, bodyB       string
	}{
		{
			name:     "JSON & JSON",
			bindingA: binding.JSON,
			bindingB: binding.JSON,
			bodyA:    `{"foo":"FOO"}`,
			bodyB:    `{"bar":"BAR"}`,
		},
		{
			name:     "JSON & XML",
			bindingA: binding.JSON,
			bindingB: binding.XML,
			bodyA:    `{"foo":"FOO"}`,
			bodyB: `<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<root>
   <bar>BAR</bar>
</root>`,
		},
		{
			name:     "XML & XML",
			bindingA: binding.XML,
			bindingB: binding.XML,
			bodyA: `<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<root>
   <foo>FOO</foo>
</root>`,
			bodyB: `<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<root>
   <bar>BAR</bar>
</root>`,
		},
	} {
		t.Logf("testing: %s", tt.name)
		// bodyA to typeA and typeB
		{
			w := httptest.NewRecorder()
			c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)
			c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(
				http.MethodPost, "http://example.com", bytes.NewBufferString(tt.bodyA),
			)
			// When it binds to typeA and typeB, it finds the body is
			// not typeB but typeA.
			objA := typeA{}
			require.NoError(t, c.ShouldBindBodyWith(&objA, tt.bindingA))
			assert.Equal(t, typeA{"FOO"}, objA)
			objB := typeB{}
			require.Error(t, c.ShouldBindBodyWith(&objB, tt.bindingB))
			assert.NotEqual(t, typeB{"BAR"}, objB)
		}
		// bodyB to typeA and typeB
		{
			// When it binds to typeA and typeB, it finds the body is
			// not typeA but typeB.
			w := httptest.NewRecorder()
			c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)
			c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(
				http.MethodPost, "http://example.com", bytes.NewBufferString(tt.bodyB),
			)
			objA := typeA{}
			require.Error(t, c.ShouldBindBodyWith(&objA, tt.bindingA))
			assert.NotEqual(t, typeA{"FOO"}, objA)
			objB := typeB{}
			require.NoError(t, c.ShouldBindBodyWith(&objB, tt.bindingB))
			assert.Equal(t, typeB{"BAR"}, objB)
		}
	}
}

func TestContextShouldBindBodyWithJSON(t *testing.T) {
	for _, tt := range []struct {
		name        string
		bindingBody binding.BindingBody
		body        string
	}{
		{
			name:        " JSON & JSON-BODY ",
			bindingBody: binding.JSON,
			body:        `{"foo":"FOO"}`,
		},
		{
			name:        " JSON & XML-BODY ",
			bindingBody: binding.XML,
			body: `<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<root>
<foo>FOO</foo>
</root>`,
		},
		{
			name:        " JSON & YAML-BODY ",
			bindingBody: binding.YAML,
			body:        `foo: FOO`,
		},
		{
			name:        " JSON & TOM-BODY ",
			bindingBody: binding.TOML,
			body:        `foo=FOO`,
		},
	} {
		t.Logf("testing: %s", tt.name)

		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
		c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)

		c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", bytes.NewBufferString(tt.body))

		type typeJSON struct {
			Foo string `json:"foo" binding:"required"`
		}
		objJSON := typeJSON{}

		if tt.bindingBody == binding.JSON {
			require.NoError(t, c.ShouldBindBodyWithJSON(&objJSON))
			assert.Equal(t, typeJSON{"FOO"}, objJSON)
		}

		if tt.bindingBody == binding.XML {
			require.Error(t, c.ShouldBindBodyWithJSON(&objJSON))
			assert.Equal(t, typeJSON{}, objJSON)
		}

		if tt.bindingBody == binding.YAML {
			require.Error(t, c.ShouldBindBodyWithJSON(&objJSON))
			assert.Equal(t, typeJSON{}, objJSON)
		}

		if tt.bindingBody == binding.TOML {
			require.Error(t, c.ShouldBindBodyWithJSON(&objJSON))
			assert.Equal(t, typeJSON{}, objJSON)
		}
	}
}

func TestContextShouldBindBodyWithXML(t *testing.T) {
	for _, tt := range []struct {
		name        string
		bindingBody binding.BindingBody
		body        string
	}{
		{
			name:        " XML & JSON-BODY ",
			bindingBody: binding.JSON,
			body:        `{"foo":"FOO"}`,
		},
		{
			name:        " XML & XML-BODY ",
			bindingBody: binding.XML,
			body: `<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<root>
<foo>FOO</foo>
</root>`,
		},
		{
			name:        " XML & YAML-BODY ",
			bindingBody: binding.YAML,
			body:        `foo: FOO`,
		},
		{
			name:        " XML & TOM-BODY ",
			bindingBody: binding.TOML,
			body:        `foo=FOO`,
		},
	} {
		t.Logf("testing: %s", tt.name)

		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
		c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)

		c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", bytes.NewBufferString(tt.body))

		type typeXML struct {
			Foo string `xml:"foo" binding:"required"`
		}
		objXML := typeXML{}

		if tt.bindingBody == binding.JSON {
			require.Error(t, c.ShouldBindBodyWithXML(&objXML))
			assert.Equal(t, typeXML{}, objXML)
		}

		if tt.bindingBody == binding.XML {
			require.NoError(t, c.ShouldBindBodyWithXML(&objXML))
			assert.Equal(t, typeXML{"FOO"}, objXML)
		}

		if tt.bindingBody == binding.YAML {
			require.Error(t, c.ShouldBindBodyWithXML(&objXML))
			assert.Equal(t, typeXML{}, objXML)
		}

		if tt.bindingBody == binding.TOML {
			require.Error(t, c.ShouldBindBodyWithXML(&objXML))
			assert.Equal(t, typeXML{}, objXML)
		}
	}
}

func TestContextShouldBindBodyWithYAML(t *testing.T) {
	for _, tt := range []struct {
		name        string
		bindingBody binding.BindingBody
		body        string
	}{
		{
			name:        " YAML & JSON-BODY ",
			bindingBody: binding.JSON,
			body:        `{"foo":"FOO"}`,
		},
		{
			name:        " YAML & XML-BODY ",
			bindingBody: binding.XML,
			body: `<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<root>
<foo>FOO</foo>
</root>`,
		},
		{
			name:        " YAML & YAML-BODY ",
			bindingBody: binding.YAML,
			body:        `foo: FOO`,
		},
		{
			name:        " YAML & TOM-BODY ",
			bindingBody: binding.TOML,
			body:        `foo=FOO`,
		},
	} {
		t.Logf("testing: %s", tt.name)

		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
		c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)

		c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", bytes.NewBufferString(tt.body))

		type typeYAML struct {
			Foo string `yaml:"foo" binding:"required"`
		}
		objYAML := typeYAML{}

		// YAML belongs to a super collection of JSON, so JSON can be parsed by YAML
		if tt.bindingBody == binding.JSON {
			require.NoError(t, c.ShouldBindBodyWithYAML(&objYAML))
			assert.Equal(t, typeYAML{"FOO"}, objYAML)
		}

		if tt.bindingBody == binding.XML {
			require.Error(t, c.ShouldBindBodyWithYAML(&objYAML))
			assert.Equal(t, typeYAML{}, objYAML)
		}

		if tt.bindingBody == binding.YAML {
			require.NoError(t, c.ShouldBindBodyWithYAML(&objYAML))
			assert.Equal(t, typeYAML{"FOO"}, objYAML)
		}

		if tt.bindingBody == binding.TOML {
			require.Error(t, c.ShouldBindBodyWithYAML(&objYAML))
			assert.Equal(t, typeYAML{}, objYAML)
		}
	}
}

func TestContextShouldBindBodyWithTOML(t *testing.T) {
	for _, tt := range []struct {
		name        string
		bindingBody binding.BindingBody
		body        string
	}{
		{
			name:        " TOML & JSON-BODY ",
			bindingBody: binding.JSON,
			body:        `{"foo":"FOO"}`,
		},
		{
			name:        " TOML & XML-BODY ",
			bindingBody: binding.XML,
			body: `<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<root>
<foo>FOO</foo>
</root>`,
		},
		{
			name:        " TOML & YAML-BODY ",
			bindingBody: binding.YAML,
			body:        `foo: FOO`,
		},
		{
			name:        " TOML & TOM-BODY ",
			bindingBody: binding.TOML,
			body:        `foo = 'FOO'`,
		},
	} {
		t.Logf("testing: %s", tt.name)

		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
		c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)

		c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", bytes.NewBufferString(tt.body))

		type typeTOML struct {
			Foo string `toml:"foo" binding:"required"`
		}
		objTOML := typeTOML{}

		if tt.bindingBody == binding.JSON {
			require.Error(t, c.ShouldBindBodyWithTOML(&objTOML))
			assert.Equal(t, typeTOML{}, objTOML)
		}

		if tt.bindingBody == binding.XML {
			require.Error(t, c.ShouldBindBodyWithTOML(&objTOML))
			assert.Equal(t, typeTOML{}, objTOML)
		}

		if tt.bindingBody == binding.YAML {
			require.Error(t, c.ShouldBindBodyWithTOML(&objTOML))
			assert.Equal(t, typeTOML{}, objTOML)
		}

		if tt.bindingBody == binding.TOML {
			require.NoError(t, c.ShouldBindBodyWithTOML(&objTOML))
			assert.Equal(t, typeTOML{"FOO"}, objTOML)
		}
	}
}

func TestContextShouldBindBodyWithPlain(t *testing.T) {
	for _, tt := range []struct {
		name        string
		bindingBody binding.BindingBody
		body        string
	}{
		{
			name:        " JSON & JSON-BODY ",
			bindingBody: binding.JSON,
			body:        `{"foo":"FOO"}`,
		},
		{
			name:        " JSON & XML-BODY ",
			bindingBody: binding.XML,
			body: `<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<root>
<foo>FOO</foo>
</root>`,
		},
		{
			name:        " JSON & YAML-BODY ",
			bindingBody: binding.YAML,
			body:        `foo: FOO`,
		},
		{
			name:        " JSON & TOM-BODY ",
			bindingBody: binding.TOML,
			body:        `foo=FOO`,
		},
		{
			name:        " JSON & Plain-BODY ",
			bindingBody: binding.Plain,
			body:        `foo=FOO`,
		},
	} {
		t.Logf("testing: %s", tt.name)

		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
		c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)

		c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", bytes.NewBufferString(tt.body))

		type typeJSON struct {
			Foo string `json:"foo" binding:"required"`
		}
		objJSON := typeJSON{}

		if tt.bindingBody == binding.Plain {
			body := ""
			require.NoError(t, c.ShouldBindBodyWithPlain(&body))
			assert.Equal(t, "foo=FOO", body)
		}

		if tt.bindingBody == binding.JSON {
			require.NoError(t, c.ShouldBindBodyWithJSON(&objJSON))
			assert.Equal(t, typeJSON{"FOO"}, objJSON)
		}

		if tt.bindingBody == binding.XML {
			require.Error(t, c.ShouldBindBodyWithJSON(&objJSON))
			assert.Equal(t, typeJSON{}, objJSON)
		}

		if tt.bindingBody == binding.YAML {
			require.Error(t, c.ShouldBindBodyWithJSON(&objJSON))
			assert.Equal(t, typeJSON{}, objJSON)
		}

		if tt.bindingBody == binding.TOML {
			require.Error(t, c.ShouldBindBodyWithJSON(&objJSON))
			assert.Equal(t, typeJSON{}, objJSON)
		}
	}
}

func TestContextGolangContext(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", bytes.NewBufferString("{\"foo\":\"bar\", \"bar\":\"foo\"}"))
	require.NoError(t, c.Err())
	assert.Nil(t, c.Done())
	ti, ok := c.Deadline()
	assert.Equal(t, time.Time{}, ti)
	assert.False(t, ok)
	assert.Equal(t, c.Value(ContextRequestKey), c.Request)
	assert.Equal(t, c.Value(ContextKey), c)
	assert.Nil(t, c.Value("foo"))

	c.Set("foo", "bar")
	assert.Equal(t, "bar", c.Value("foo"))
	assert.Nil(t, c.Value(1))
}

func TestWebsocketsRequired(t *testing.T) {
	// Example request from spec: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6455#section-1.2
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/chat", nil)
	c.Request.Header.Set("Host", "server.example.com")
	c.Request.Header.Set("Upgrade", "websocket")
	c.Request.Header.Set("Connection", "Upgrade")
	c.Request.Header.Set("Sec-WebSocket-Key", "dGhlIHNhbXBsZSBub25jZQ==")
	c.Request.Header.Set("Origin", "http://example.com")
	c.Request.Header.Set("Sec-WebSocket-Protocol", "chat, superchat")
	c.Request.Header.Set("Sec-WebSocket-Version", "13")

	assert.True(t, c.IsWebsocket())

	// Normal request, no websocket required.
	c, _ = CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/chat", nil)
	c.Request.Header.Set("Host", "server.example.com")

	assert.False(t, c.IsWebsocket())
}

func TestGetRequestHeaderValue(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/chat", nil)
	c.Request.Header.Set("Gin-Version", "1.0.0")

	assert.Equal(t, "1.0.0", c.GetHeader("Gin-Version"))
	assert.Empty(t, c.GetHeader("Connection"))
}

func TestContextGetRawData(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	body := bytes.NewBufferString("Fetch binary post data")
	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", body)
	c.Request.Header.Add("Content-Type", MIMEPOSTForm)

	data, err := c.GetRawData()
	require.NoError(t, err)
	assert.Equal(t, "Fetch binary post data", string(data))
}

func TestContextRenderDataFromReader(t *testing.T) {
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)

	body := "#!PNG some raw data"
	reader := strings.NewReader(body)
	contentLength := int64(len(body))
	contentType := "image/png"
	extraHeaders := map[string]string{"Content-Disposition": `attachment; filename="gopher.png"`}

	c.DataFromReader(http.StatusOK, contentLength, contentType, reader, extraHeaders)

	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
	assert.Equal(t, body, w.Body.String())
	assert.Equal(t, contentType, w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
	assert.Equal(t, strconv.FormatInt(contentLength, 10), w.Header().Get("Content-Length"))
	assert.Equal(t, extraHeaders["Content-Disposition"], w.Header().Get("Content-Disposition"))
}

func TestContextRenderDataFromReaderNoHeaders(t *testing.T) {
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)

	body := "#!PNG some raw data"
	reader := strings.NewReader(body)
	contentLength := int64(len(body))
	contentType := "image/png"

	c.DataFromReader(http.StatusOK, contentLength, contentType, reader, nil)

	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
	assert.Equal(t, body, w.Body.String())
	assert.Equal(t, contentType, w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
	assert.Equal(t, strconv.FormatInt(contentLength, 10), w.Header().Get("Content-Length"))
}

type TestResponseRecorder struct {
	*httptest.ResponseRecorder
	closeChannel chan bool
}

func (r *TestResponseRecorder) CloseNotify() <-chan bool {
	return r.closeChannel
}

func (r *TestResponseRecorder) closeClient() {
	r.closeChannel <- true
}

func CreateTestResponseRecorder() *TestResponseRecorder {
	return &TestResponseRecorder{
		httptest.NewRecorder(),
		make(chan bool, 1),
	}
}

func TestContextStream(t *testing.T) {
	w := CreateTestResponseRecorder()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)

	stopStream := true
	c.Stream(func(w io.Writer) bool {
		defer func() {
			stopStream = false
		}()

		_, err := w.Write([]byte("test"))
		require.NoError(t, err)

		return stopStream
	})

	assert.Equal(t, "testtest", w.Body.String())
}

func TestContextStreamWithClientGone(t *testing.T) {
	w := CreateTestResponseRecorder()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)

	c.Stream(func(writer io.Writer) bool {
		defer func() {
			w.closeClient()
		}()

		_, err := writer.Write([]byte("test"))
		require.NoError(t, err)

		return true
	})

	assert.Equal(t, "test", w.Body.String())
}

func TestContextResetInHandler(t *testing.T) {
	w := CreateTestResponseRecorder()
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)

	c.handlers = []HandlerFunc{
		func(c *Context) { c.reset() },
	}
	assert.NotPanics(t, func() {
		c.Next()
	})
}

func TestRaceParamsContextCopy(t *testing.T) {
	DefaultWriter = os.Stdout
	router := Default()
	nameGroup := router.Group("/:name")
	var wg sync.WaitGroup
	wg.Add(2)
	{
		nameGroup.GET("/api", func(c *Context) {
			go func(c *Context, param string) {
				defer wg.Done()
				// First assert must be executed after the second request
				time.Sleep(50 * time.Millisecond)
				assert.Equal(t, c.Param("name"), param)
			}(c.Copy(), c.Param("name"))
		})
	}
	PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/name1/api")
	PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/name2/api")
	wg.Wait()
}

func TestContextWithKeysMutex(t *testing.T) {
	c := &Context{}
	c.Set("foo", "bar")

	value, err := c.Get("foo")
	assert.Equal(t, "bar", value)
	assert.True(t, err)

	value, err = c.Get("foo2")
	assert.Nil(t, value)
	assert.False(t, err)
}

func TestRemoteIPFail(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", nil)
	c.Request.RemoteAddr = "[:::]:80"
	ip := net.ParseIP(c.RemoteIP())
	trust := c.engine.isTrustedProxy(ip)
	assert.Nil(t, ip)
	assert.False(t, trust)
}

func TestHasRequestContext(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	assert.False(t, c.hasRequestContext(), "no request, no fallback")
	c.engine.ContextWithFallback = true
	assert.False(t, c.hasRequestContext(), "no request, has fallback")
	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/", nil)
	assert.True(t, c.hasRequestContext(), "has request, has fallback")
	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequestWithContext(nil, "", "", nil) //nolint:staticcheck
	assert.False(t, c.hasRequestContext(), "has request with nil ctx, has fallback")
	c.engine.ContextWithFallback = false
	assert.False(t, c.hasRequestContext(), "has request, no fallback")

	c = &Context{}
	assert.False(t, c.hasRequestContext(), "no request, no engine")
	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/", nil)
	assert.False(t, c.hasRequestContext(), "has request, no engine")
}

func TestContextWithFallbackDeadlineFromRequestContext(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	// enable ContextWithFallback feature flag
	c.engine.ContextWithFallback = true

	deadline, ok := c.Deadline()
	assert.Zero(t, deadline)
	assert.False(t, ok)

	c2, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	// enable ContextWithFallback feature flag
	c2.engine.ContextWithFallback = true

	c2.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/", nil)
	d := time.Now().Add(time.Second)
	ctx, cancel := context.WithDeadline(context.Background(), d)
	defer cancel()
	c2.Request = c2.Request.WithContext(ctx)
	deadline, ok = c2.Deadline()
	assert.Equal(t, d, deadline)
	assert.True(t, ok)
}

func TestContextWithFallbackDoneFromRequestContext(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	// enable ContextWithFallback feature flag
	c.engine.ContextWithFallback = true

	assert.Nil(t, c.Done())

	c2, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	// enable ContextWithFallback feature flag
	c2.engine.ContextWithFallback = true

	c2.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/", nil)
	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
	c2.Request = c2.Request.WithContext(ctx)
	cancel()
	assert.NotNil(t, <-c2.Done())
}

func TestContextWithFallbackErrFromRequestContext(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	// enable ContextWithFallback feature flag
	c.engine.ContextWithFallback = true

	require.NoError(t, c.Err())

	c2, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
	// enable ContextWithFallback feature flag
	c2.engine.ContextWithFallback = true

	c2.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/", nil)
	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
	c2.Request = c2.Request.WithContext(ctx)
	cancel()

	assert.EqualError(t, c2.Err(), context.Canceled.Error())
}

func TestContextWithFallbackValueFromRequestContext(t *testing.T) {
	type contextKey string

	tests := []struct {
		name             string
		getContextAndKey func() (*Context, any)
		value            any
	}{
		{
			name: "c with struct context key",
			getContextAndKey: func() (*Context, any) {
				type KeyStruct struct{} // https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA1029
				var key KeyStruct
				c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
				// enable ContextWithFallback feature flag
				c.engine.ContextWithFallback = true
				c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", nil)
				c.Request = c.Request.WithContext(context.WithValue(context.TODO(), key, "value"))
				return c, key
			},
			value: "value",
		},
		{
			name: "c with string context key",
			getContextAndKey: func() (*Context, any) {
				c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
				// enable ContextWithFallback feature flag
				c.engine.ContextWithFallback = true
				c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", nil)
				c.Request = c.Request.WithContext(context.WithValue(context.TODO(), contextKey("key"), "value"))
				return c, contextKey("key")
			},
			value: "value",
		},
		{
			name: "c with nil http.Request",
			getContextAndKey: func() (*Context, any) {
				c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
				// enable ContextWithFallback feature flag
				c.engine.ContextWithFallback = true
				c.Request = nil
				return c, "key"
			},
			value: nil,
		},
		{
			name: "c with nil http.Request.Context()",
			getContextAndKey: func() (*Context, any) {
				c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
				// enable ContextWithFallback feature flag
				c.engine.ContextWithFallback = true
				c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", nil)
				return c, "key"
			},
			value: nil,
		},
	}
	for _, tt := range tests {
		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
			c, key := tt.getContextAndKey()
			assert.Equal(t, tt.value, c.Value(key))
		})
	}
}

func TestContextCopyShouldNotCancel(t *testing.T) {
	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
	}))
	defer srv.Close()

	ensureRequestIsOver := make(chan struct{})

	wg := &sync.WaitGroup{}

	r := New()
	r.GET("/", func(ginctx *Context) {
		wg.Add(1)

		ginctx = ginctx.Copy()

		// start async goroutine for calling srv
		go func() {
			defer wg.Done()

			<-ensureRequestIsOver // ensure request is done

			req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ginctx, http.MethodGet, srv.URL, nil)
			must(err)

			res, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
			if err != nil {
				t.Error(fmt.Errorf("request error: %w", err))
				return
			}

			if res.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
				t.Error(fmt.Errorf("unexpected status code: %s", res.Status))
			}
		}()
	})

	l, err := net.Listen("tcp", ":0")
	must(err)
	go func() {
		s := &http.Server{
			Handler: r,
		}

		must(s.Serve(l))
	}()

	addr := strings.Split(l.Addr().String(), ":")
	res, err := http.Get(fmt.Sprintf("http://127.0.0.1:%s/", addr[len(addr)-1]))
	if err != nil {
		t.Error(fmt.Errorf("request error: %w", err))
		return
	}

	close(ensureRequestIsOver)

	if res.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
		t.Error(fmt.Errorf("unexpected status code: %s", res.Status))
		return
	}

	wg.Wait()
}

func TestContextAddParam(t *testing.T) {
	c := &Context{}
	id := "id"
	value := "1"
	c.AddParam(id, value)

	v, ok := c.Params.Get(id)
	assert.True(t, ok)
	assert.Equal(t, value, v)
}

func TestCreateTestContextWithRouteParams(t *testing.T) {
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	engine := New()
	engine.GET("/:action/:name", func(ctx *Context) {
		ctx.String(http.StatusOK, "%s %s", ctx.Param("action"), ctx.Param("name"))
	})
	c := CreateTestContextOnly(w, engine)
	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/hello/gin", nil)
	engine.HandleContext(c)

	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
	assert.Equal(t, "hello gin", w.Body.String())
}

type interceptedWriter struct {
	ResponseWriter
	b *bytes.Buffer
}

func (i interceptedWriter) WriteHeader(code int) {
	i.Header().Del("X-Test")
	i.ResponseWriter.WriteHeader(code)
}

func TestInterceptedHeader(t *testing.T) {
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	c, r := CreateTestContext(w)

	r.Use(func(c *Context) {
		i := interceptedWriter{
			ResponseWriter: c.Writer,
			b:              bytes.NewBuffer(nil),
		}
		c.Writer = i
		c.Next()
		c.Header("X-Test", "overridden")
		c.Writer = i.ResponseWriter
	})
	r.GET("/", func(c *Context) {
		c.Header("X-Test", "original")
		c.Header("X-Test-2", "present")
		c.String(http.StatusOK, "hello world")
	})
	c.Request = httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/", nil)
	r.HandleContext(c)
	// Result() has headers frozen when WriteHeaderNow() has been called
	// Compared to this time, this is when the response headers will be flushed
	// As response is flushed on c.String, the Header cannot be set by the first
	// middleware. Assert this
	assert.Equal(t, "", w.Result().Header.Get("X-Test"))
	assert.Equal(t, "present", w.Result().Header.Get("X-Test-2"))
}

func TestContextNext(t *testing.T) {
	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())

	// Test with no handlers
	c.Next()
	assert.Equal(t, int8(0), c.index)

	// Test with one handler
	c.index = -1
	c.handlers = HandlersChain{func(c *Context) {
		c.Set("key", "value")
	}}
	c.Next()
	assert.Equal(t, int8(1), c.index)
	value, exists := c.Get("key")
	assert.True(t, exists)
	assert.Equal(t, "value", value)

	// Test with multiple handlers
	c.handlers = HandlersChain{
		func(c *Context) {
			c.Set("key1", "value1")
			c.Next()
			c.Set("key2", "value2")
		},
		nil,
		func(c *Context) {
			c.Set("key3", "value3")
		},
	}
	c.index = -1
	c.Next()
	assert.Equal(t, int8(4), c.index)
	value, exists = c.Get("key1")
	assert.True(t, exists)
	assert.Equal(t, "value1", value)
	value, exists = c.Get("key2")
	assert.True(t, exists)
	assert.Equal(t, "value2", value)
	value, exists = c.Get("key3")
	assert.True(t, exists)
	assert.Equal(t, "value3", value)
}