2025-04-06 03:57:46 +08:00
87 changed files with 3806 additions and 6587 deletions
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE.md
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE.md
@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ func main() {

 <!-- Your expectation result of 'curl' command, like -->
 ```
-$ curl http://localhost:9000/hello/world
+$ curl http://localhost:8201/hello/world
 Hello world
 ```

@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ Hello world

 <!-- Actual result showing the problem -->
 ```
-$ curl -i http://localhost:9000/hello/world
+$ curl -i http://localhost:8201/hello/world
 <YOUR RESULT>
 ```

--- a/.github/workflows/codeql.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/codeql.yml
@ -7,12 +7,12 @@ name: "CodeQL"

 on:
  push:
-    branches: [master]
+    branches: [ master ]
  pull_request:
    # The branches below must be a subset of the branches above
-    branches: [master]
+    branches: [ master ]
  schedule:
-    - cron: "0 17 * * 5"
+    - cron: '0 17 * * 5'

 jobs:
  analyze:
@ -29,15 +29,15 @@ jobs:
        # Override automatic language detection by changing the below list
        # Supported options are ['csharp', 'cpp', 'go', 'java', 'javascript', 'python']
        # TODO: Enable for javascript later
-        language: ["go"]
+        language: [ 'go']

    steps:
      - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3

      # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
      - name: Initialize CodeQL
-        uses: github/codeql-action/init@v3
+        uses: github/codeql-action/init@v2
        with:
          languages: ${{ matrix.language }}
          # If you wish to specify custom queries, you can do so here or in a config file.
@ -46,4 +46,4 @@ jobs:
          # queries: ./path/to/local/query, your-org/your-repo/queries@main

      - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
-        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v3
+        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v2
--- a/.github/workflows/gin.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/gin.yml
@ -8,40 +8,28 @@ on:
    branches:
      - master

-permissions:
-  contents: read
-
 jobs:
  lint:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Setup go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v3
        with:
-          fetch-depth: 0
-      - name: Set up Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
-        with:
-          go-version: "^1"
+          go-version: '^1.16'
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
      - name: Setup golangci-lint
-        uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@v6
+        uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@v3.2.0
        with:
-          version: v1.61.0
+          version: v1.45.0
          args: --verbose
  test:
    needs: lint
    strategy:
      matrix:
        os: [ubuntu-latest, macos-latest]
-        go: ["1.23", "1.24"]
-        test-tags:
-          [
-            "",
-            "-tags nomsgpack",
-            '--ldflags="-checklinkname=0" -tags "sonic avx"',
-            "-tags go_json",
-            "-race",
-          ]
+        go: [1.14, 1.15, 1.16, 1.17, 1.18]
+        test-tags: ['', nomsgpack]
        include:
          - os: ubuntu-latest
            go-build: ~/.cache/go-build
@ -55,17 +43,16 @@ jobs:
      GOPROXY: https://proxy.golang.org
    steps:
      - name: Set up Go ${{ matrix.go }}
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v3
        with:
          go-version: ${{ matrix.go }}
-          cache: false

      - name: Checkout Code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
        with:
          ref: ${{ github.ref }}

-      - uses: actions/cache@v4
+      - uses: actions/cache@v3
        with:
          path: |
            ${{ matrix.go-build }}
@ -78,6 +65,20 @@ jobs:
        run: make test

      - name: Upload coverage to Codecov
-        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v4
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v3
        with:
          flags: ${{ matrix.os }},go-${{ matrix.go }},${{ matrix.test-tags }}
+  notification-gitter:
+    needs: test
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Notification failure message
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          PR_OR_COMPARE="$(if [ "${{ github.event.pull_request }}" != "" ]; then echo "${{ github.event.pull_request.html_url }}"; else echo "${{ github.event.compare }}"; fi)"
+          curl -d message="GitHub Actions [$GITHUB_REPOSITORY]($PR_OR_COMPARE) ($GITHUB_REF) [normal]($GITHUB_API_URL/$GITHUB_REPOSITORY/actions/runs/$GITHUB_RUN_ID) ($GITHUB_RUN_NUMBER)" -d level=error https://webhooks.gitter.im/e/7f95bf605c4d356372f4
+      - name: Notification success message
+        if: success()
+        run: |
+          PR_OR_COMPARE="$(if [ "${{ github.event.pull_request }}" != "" ]; then echo "${{ github.event.pull_request.html_url }}"; else echo "${{ github.event.compare }}"; fi)"
+          curl -d message="GitHub Actions [$GITHUB_REPOSITORY]($PR_OR_COMPARE) ($GITHUB_REF) [normal]($GITHUB_API_URL/$GITHUB_REPOSITORY/actions/runs/$GITHUB_RUN_ID) ($GITHUB_RUN_NUMBER)" https://webhooks.gitter.im/e/7f95bf605c4d356372f4
--- a/.github/workflows/goreleaser.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/goreleaser.yml
@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ name: Goreleaser
 on:
  push:
    tags:
-      - "*"
+      - '*'

 permissions:
  contents: write
@ -12,20 +12,23 @@ jobs:
  goreleaser:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      -
+        name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0
-      - name: Set up Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+      -
+        name: Set up Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v2
        with:
-          go-version: "^1"
-      - name: Run GoReleaser
-        uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@v6
+          go-version: 1.17
+      -
+        name: Run GoReleaser
+        uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@v3
        with:
          # either 'goreleaser' (default) or 'goreleaser-pro'
          distribution: goreleaser
          version: latest
-          args: release --clean
+          args: release --rm-dist
        env:
          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@ -5,7 +5,3 @@ count.out
 test
 profile.out
 tmp.out
-
-# Develop tools
-.idea/
-.vscode/
--- a/.golangci.yml
+++ b/.golangci.yml
@ -3,11 +3,12 @@ run:
 linters:
  enable:
    - asciicheck
+    - depguard
    - dogsled
    - durationcheck
    - errcheck
    - errorlint
-    - copyloopvar
+    - exportloopref
    - gci
    - gofmt
    - goimports
@ -16,35 +17,8 @@ linters:
    - nakedret
    - nilerr
    - nolintlint
-    - perfsprint
    - revive
-    - testifylint
-    - usestdlibvars
    - wastedassign
-
-linters-settings:
-  gosec:
-    # To select a subset of rules to run.
-    # Available rules: https://github.com/securego/gosec#available-rules
-    # Default: [] - means include all rules
-    includes:
-      - G102
-      - G106
-      - G108
-      - G109
-      - G111
-      - G112
-      - G201
-      - G203
-  perfsprint:
-    err-error: true
-    errorf: true
-    int-conversion: true
-    sprintf1: true
-    strconcat: true
-  testifylint:
-    enable-all: true
-
 issues:
  exclude-rules:
    - linters:
@ -63,9 +37,3 @@ issues:
    - path: _test\.go
      linters:
        - gosec # security is not make sense in tests
-    - linters:
-        - revive
-      path: _test\.go
-    - path: gin.go
-      linters:
-        - gci
--- a/.goreleaser.yaml
+++ b/.goreleaser.yaml
@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 project_name: gin

 builds:
-  - # If true, skip the build.
+  -
+    # If true, skip the build.
    # Useful for library projects.
    # Default is false
    skip: true
@ -9,7 +10,7 @@ builds:
 changelog:
  # Set it to true if you wish to skip the changelog generation.
  # This may result in an empty release notes on GitHub/GitLab/Gitea.
-  disable: false
+  skip: false

  # Changelog generation implementation to use.
  #
@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ changelog:
  # - `github-native`: uses the GitHub release notes generation API, disables the groups feature.
  #
  # Defaults to `git`.
-  use: github
+  use: git

  # Sorts the changelog by the commit's messages.
  # Could either be asc, desc or empty
@ -37,20 +38,20 @@ changelog:
    - title: Features
      regexp: "^.*feat[(\\w)]*:+.*$"
      order: 0
-    - title: "Bug fixes"
+    - title: 'Bug fixes'
      regexp: "^.*fix[(\\w)]*:+.*$"
      order: 1
-    - title: "Enhancements"
+    - title: 'Enhancements'
      regexp: "^.*chore[(\\w)]*:+.*$"
      order: 2
-    - title: "Refactor"
-      regexp: "^.*refactor[(\\w)]*:+.*$"
-      order: 3
-    - title: "Build process updates"
-      regexp: ^.*?(build|ci)(\(.+\))??!?:.+$
-      order: 4
-    - title: "Documentation updates"
-      regexp: ^.*?docs?(\(.+\))??!?:.+$
-      order: 4
    - title: Others
      order: 999
+
+  filters:
+    # Commit messages matching the regexp listed here will be removed from
+    # the changelog
+    # Default is empty
+    exclude:
+      - '^docs'
+      - 'CICD'
+      - typo
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@ -1,147 +1,5 @@
 # Gin ChangeLog

-## Gin v1.10.0
-
-### Features
-
-* feat(auth): add proxy-server authentication (#3877) (@EndlessParadox1)
-* feat(bind): ShouldBindBodyWith shortcut and change doc (#3871) (@RedCrazyGhost)
-* feat(binding): Support custom BindUnmarshaler for binding. (#3933) (@dkkb)
-* feat(binding): support override default binding implement (#3514) (@ssfyn)
-* feat(engine): Added `OptionFunc` and `With` (#3572) (@flc1125)
-* feat(logger): ability to skip logs based on user-defined logic (#3593) (@palvaneh)
-
-### Bug fixes
-
-* Revert "fix(uri): query binding bug (#3236)" (#3899) (@appleboy)
-* fix(binding): binding error while not upload file (#3819) (#3820) (@clearcodecn)
-* fix(binding): dereference pointer to struct (#3199) (@echovl)
-* fix(context): make context Value method adhere to Go standards (#3897) (@FarmerChillax)
-* fix(engine): fix unit test (#3878) (@flc1125)
-* fix(header): Allow header according to RFC 7231 (HTTP 405) (#3759) (@Crocmagnon)
-* fix(route): Add fullPath in context copy (#3784) (@KarthikReddyPuli)
-* fix(router): catch-all conflicting wildcard (#3812) (@FirePing32)
-* fix(sec): upgrade golang.org/x/crypto to 0.17.0 (#3832) (@chncaption)
-* fix(tree): correctly expand the capacity of params (#3502) (@georgijd-form3)
-* fix(uri): query binding bug (#3236) (@illiafox)
-* fix: Add pointer support for url query params (#3659) (#3666) (@omkar-foss)
-* fix: protect Context.Keys map when call Copy method (#3873) (@kingcanfish)
- 
-### Enhancements
-
-* chore(CI): update release args (#3595) (@qloog)
-* chore(IP): add TrustedPlatform constant for Fly.io. (#3839) (@ab)
-* chore(debug): add ability to override the debugPrint statement (#2337) (@josegonzalez)
-* chore(deps): update dependencies to latest versions (#3835) (@appleboy)
-* chore(header): Add support for RFC 9512: application/yaml (#3851) (@vincentbernat)
-* chore(http): use white color for HTTP 1XX (#3741) (@viralparmarme)
-* chore(optimize): the ShouldBindUri method of the Context struct (#3911) (@1911860538)
-* chore(perf): Optimize the Copy method of the Context struct (#3859) (@1911860538)
-* chore(refactor): modify interface check way (#3855) (@demoManito)
-* chore(request): check reader if it's nil before reading (#3419) (@noahyao1024)
-* chore(security): upgrade Protobuf for CVE-2024-24786 (#3893) (@Fotkurz)
-* chore: refactor CI and update dependencies (#3848) (@appleboy)
-* chore: refactor configuration files for better readability (#3951) (@appleboy)
-* chore: update GitHub Actions configuration (#3792) (@appleboy)
-* chore: update changelog categories and improve documentation (#3917) (@appleboy)
-* chore: update dependencies to latest versions (#3694) (@appleboy)
-* chore: update external dependencies to latest versions (#3950) (@appleboy)
-* chore: update various Go dependencies to latest versions (#3901) (@appleboy)
-
-### Build process updates
-
-* build(codecov): Added a codecov configuration (#3891) (@flc1125)
-* ci(Makefile): vet command add .PHONY (#3915) (@imalasong)
-* ci(lint): update tooling and workflows for consistency (#3834) (@appleboy)
-* ci(release): refactor changelog regex patterns and exclusions (#3914) (@appleboy)
-* ci(testing): add go1.22 version (#3842) (@appleboy)
-
-### Documentation updates
-
-* docs(context): Added deprecation comments to BindWith (#3880) (@flc1125)
-* docs(middleware): comments to function `BasicAuthForProxy` (#3881) (@EndlessParadox1)
-* docs: Add document  to constant `AuthProxyUserKey` and  `BasicAuthForProxy`. (#3887) (@EndlessParadox1)
-* docs: fix typo in comment (#3868) (@testwill)
-* docs: fix typo in function documentation (#3872) (@TotomiEcio)
-* docs: remove redundant comments (#3765) (@WeiTheShinobi)
-* feat: update version constant to v1.10.0 (#3952) (@appleboy)
-
-### Others
-
-* Upgrade golang.org/x/net -> v0.13.0 (#3684) (@cpcf)
-* test(git): gitignore add develop tools (#3370) (@demoManito)
-* test(http): use constant instead of numeric literal (#3863) (@testwill)
-* test(path): Optimize unit test execution results (#3883) (@flc1125)
-* test(render): increased unit tests coverage (#3691) (@araujo88)
-
-## Gin v1.9.1
-
-### BUG FIXES
-
-* fix Request.Context() checks [#3512](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/3512)
-
-### SECURITY
-
-* fix lack of escaping of filename in Content-Disposition [#3556](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/3556) 
-
-### ENHANCEMENTS
-
-* refactor: use bytes.ReplaceAll directly [#3455](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/3455)
-* convert strings and slices using the officially recommended way [#3344](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/3344)
-* improve render code coverage [#3525](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/3525)
-
-### DOCS
-
-* docs: changed documentation link for trusted proxies [#3575](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/3575)
-* chore: improve linting, testing, and GitHub Actions setup [#3583](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/3583)
-
-## Gin v1.9.0
-
-### BREAK CHANGES
-
-* Stop useless panicking in context and render [#2150](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2150)
-
-### BUG FIXES
-
-* fix(router): tree bug where loop index is not decremented. [#3460](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/3460)
-* fix(context): panic on NegotiateFormat - index out of range [#3397](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/3397)
-* Add escape logic for header [#3500](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/3500) and [#3503](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/3503)
-
-### SECURITY
-
-* Fix the GO-2022-0969 and GO-2022-0288 vulnerabilities [#3333](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/3333)
-* fix(security): vulnerability GO-2023-1571 [#3505](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/3505)
-
-### ENHANCEMENTS
-
-* feat: add sonic json support [#3184](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/3184)
-* chore(file): Creates a directory named path [#3316](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/3316)
-* fix: modify interface check way [#3327](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/3327)
-* remove deprecated of package io/ioutil [#3395](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/3395)
-* refactor: avoid calling strings.ToLower twice [#3343](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/3433)
-* console logger HTTP status code bug fixed [#3453](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/3453)
-* chore(yaml): upgrade dependency to v3 version [#3456](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/3456)
-* chore(router): match method added to routergroup for multiple HTTP methods supporting [#3464](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/3464)
-* chore(http): add support for go1.20 http.rwUnwrapper to gin.responseWriter [#3489](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/3489)
-
-### DOCS
-
-* docs: update markdown format [#3260](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/3260)
-* docs(readme): Add the TOML rendering example [#3400](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/3400)
-* docs(readme): move more example to docs/doc.md [#3449](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/3449)
-* docs: update markdown format [#3446](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/3446)
-
-## Gin v1.8.2
-
-### BUG FIXES
-
-* fix(route): redirectSlash bug ([#3227]((https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/3227)))
-* fix(engine): missing route params for CreateTestContext ([#2778]((https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2778))) ([#2803]((https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2803)))
-
-### SECURITY
-
-* Fix the GO-2022-1144 vulnerability ([#3432]((https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/3432)))
-
 ## Gin v1.8.1

 ### ENHANCEMENTS
@ -150,12 +8,12 @@

 ## Gin v1.8.0

-### BREAK CHANGES
+## Break Changes

 * TrustedProxies: Add default IPv6 support and refactor [#2967](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2967). Please replace `RemoteIP() (net.IP, bool)` with `RemoteIP() net.IP`
 * gin.Context with fallback value from gin.Context.Request.Context() [#2751](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2751)

-### BUG FIXES
+### BUGFIXES

 * Fixed SetOutput() panics on go 1.17 [#2861](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2861)
 * Fix: wrong when wildcard follows named param [#2983](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2983)
@ -192,7 +50,7 @@

 ## Gin v1.7.7

-### BUG FIXES
+### BUGFIXES

 * Fixed X-Forwarded-For unsafe handling of CVE-2020-28483 [#2844](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2844), closed issue [#2862](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/2862).
 * Tree: updated the code logic for `latestNode` [#2897](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2897), closed issue [#2894](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/2894) [#2878](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/2878).
@ -210,37 +68,37 @@

 ## Gin v1.7.6

-### BUG FIXES
+### BUGFIXES

 * bump new release to fix v1.7.5 release error by using v1.7.4 codes.

 ## Gin v1.7.4

-### BUG FIXES
+### BUGFIXES

 * bump new release to fix checksum mismatch

 ## Gin v1.7.3

-### BUG FIXES
+### BUGFIXES

 * fix level 1 router match [#2767](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/2767), [#2796](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/2796)

 ## Gin v1.7.2

-### BUG FIXES
+### BUGFIXES

 * Fix conflict between param and exact path [#2706](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/2706). Close issue [#2682](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/2682) [#2696](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/2696).

 ## Gin v1.7.1

-### BUG FIXES
+### BUGFIXES

 * fix: data race with trustedCIDRs from [#2674](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/2674)([#2675](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2675))

 ## Gin v1.7.0

-### BUG FIXES
+### BUGFIXES

 * fix compile error from [#2572](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2572) ([#2600](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2600))
 * fix: print headers without Authorization header on broken pipe ([#2528](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2528))
@ -255,7 +113,7 @@
 * chore(performance): improve countParams ([#2378](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2378))
 * Remove some functions that have the same effect as the bytes package ([#2387](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2387))
 * update:SetMode function ([#2321](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2321))
-* remove an unused type SecureJSONPrefix ([#2391](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2391))
+* remove a unused type SecureJSONPrefix ([#2391](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2391))
 * Add a redirect sample for POST method ([#2389](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2389))
 * Add CustomRecovery builtin middleware ([#2322](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2322))
 * binding: avoid 2038 problem on 32-bit architectures ([#2450](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2450))
@ -279,44 +137,33 @@

 ## Gin v1.6.2

-### BUG FIXES
-
+### BUGFIXES
  * fix missing initial sync.RWMutex [#2305](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2305)
-
 ### ENHANCEMENTS
-
  * Add set samesite in cookie. [#2306](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2306)

 ## Gin v1.6.1

-### BUG FIXES
-
+### BUGFIXES
  * Revert "fix accept incoming network connections" [#2294](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2294)

 ## Gin v1.6.0

 ### BREAKING
-
  * chore(performance): Improve performance for adding RemoveExtraSlash flag [#2159](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2159)
  * drop support govendor [#2148](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2148)
  * Added support for SameSite cookie flag [#1615](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/1615)
-
 ### FEATURES
-
  * add yaml negotiation [#2220](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2220)
  * FileFromFS [#2112](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2112)
-
-### BUG FIXES
-
+### BUGFIXES
  * Unix Socket Handling [#2280](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2280)
  * Use json marshall in context json to fix breaking new line issue. Fixes #2209 [#2228](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2228)
  * fix accept incoming network connections [#2216](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2216)
  * Fixed a bug in the calculation of the maximum number of parameters [#2166](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2166)
  * [FIX] allow empty headers on DataFromReader [#2121](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2121)
  * Add mutex for protect Context.Keys map [#1391](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/1391)
-
 ### ENHANCEMENTS
-
  * Add mitigation for log injection [#2277](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2277)
  * tree: range over nodes values [#2229](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2229)
  * tree: remove duplicate assignment [#2222](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2222)
@ -331,9 +178,7 @@
  * upgrade go-validator to v10 [#2149](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2149)
  * Refactor redirect request in gin.go [#1970](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/1970)
  * Add build tag nomsgpack [#1852](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/1852)
-
 ### DOCS
-
  * docs(path): improve comments [#2223](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2223)
  * Renew README to fit the modification of SetCookie method [#2217](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2217)
  * Fix spelling [#2202](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2202)
@ -346,9 +191,7 @@
  * Add project to README [#2165](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2165)
  * docs(benchmarks): for gin v1.5 [#2153](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2153)
  * Changed wording for clarity in README.md [#2122](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2122)
-
 ### MISC
-
  * ci support go1.14 [#2262](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2262)
  * chore: upgrade depend version [#2231](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2231)
  * Drop support go1.10 [#2147](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/2147)
@ -488,7 +331,7 @@
 - [FIX] Refactor render
 - [FIX] Reworked tests
 - [FIX] logger now supports cygwin
- [FIX] Use X-Forwarded-For before X-Real-IP
+- [FIX] Use X-Forwarded-For before X-Real-Ip
 - [FIX] time.Time binding (#904)

 ## Gin 1.1.4
--- a/45
+++ b/45
@ -8,11 +8,10 @@ TESTFOLDER := $(shell $(GO) list ./... | grep -E 'gin$$|binding$$|render$$' | gr
 TESTTAGS ?= ""

 .PHONY: test
-# Run tests to verify code functionality.
 test:
 	echo "mode: count" > coverage.out
 	for d in $(TESTFOLDER); do \
-		$(GO) test $(TESTTAGS) -v -covermode=count -coverprofile=profile.out $$d > tmp.out; \
+		$(GO) test -tags $(TESTTAGS) -v -covermode=count -coverprofile=profile.out $$d > tmp.out; \
 		cat tmp.out; \
 		if grep -q "^--- FAIL" tmp.out; then \
 			rm tmp.out; \
@ -31,12 +30,10 @@ test:
 	done

 .PHONY: fmt
-# Ensure consistent code formatting.
 fmt:
 	$(GOFMT) -w $(GOFILES)

 .PHONY: fmt-check
-# format (check only).
 fmt-check:
 	@diff=$$($(GOFMT) -d $(GOFILES)); \
 	if [ -n "$$diff" ]; then \
@ -45,37 +42,31 @@ fmt-check:
 		exit 1; \
 	fi;

-.PHONY: vet
-# Examine packages and report suspicious constructs if any.
 vet:
 	$(GO) vet $(VETPACKAGES)

 .PHONY: lint
-# Inspect source code for stylistic errors or potential bugs.
 lint:
 	@hash golint > /dev/null 2>&1; if [ $$? -ne 0 ]; then \
 		$(GO) get -u golang.org/x/lint/golint; \
 	fi
 	for PKG in $(PACKAGES); do golint -set_exit_status $$PKG || exit 1; done;

-.PHONY: misspell
-# Correct commonly misspelled English words in source code.
-misspell:
-	@hash misspell > /dev/null 2>&1; if [ $$? -ne 0 ]; then \
-		$(GO) get -u github.com/client9/misspell/cmd/misspell; \
-	fi
-	misspell -w $(GOFILES)
-
 .PHONY: misspell-check
-# misspell (check only).
 misspell-check:
 	@hash misspell > /dev/null 2>&1; if [ $$? -ne 0 ]; then \
 		$(GO) get -u github.com/client9/misspell/cmd/misspell; \
 	fi
 	misspell -error $(GOFILES)

+.PHONY: misspell
+misspell:
+	@hash misspell > /dev/null 2>&1; if [ $$? -ne 0 ]; then \
+		$(GO) get -u github.com/client9/misspell/cmd/misspell; \
+	fi
+	misspell -w $(GOFILES)
+
 .PHONY: tools
-# Install tools (golint and misspell).
 tools:
 	@if [ $(GO_VERSION) -gt 15 ]; then \
 		$(GO) install golang.org/x/lint/golint@latest; \
@ -84,23 +75,3 @@ tools:
 		$(GO) install golang.org/x/lint/golint; \
 		$(GO) install github.com/client9/misspell/cmd/misspell; \
 	fi
-
-.PHONY: help
-# Help.
-help:
-	@echo ''
-	@echo 'Usage:'
-	@echo ' make [target]'
-	@echo ''
-	@echo 'Targets:'
-	@awk '/^[a-zA-Z\-\0-9]+:/ { \
-	helpMessage = match(lastLine, /^# (.*)/); \
-		if (helpMessage) { \
-			helpCommand = substr($$1, 0, index($$1, ":")-1); \
-			helpMessage = substr(lastLine, RSTART + 2, RLENGTH); \
-			printf " - \033[36m%-20s\033[0m %s\n", helpCommand, helpMessage; \
-		} \
-	} \
-	{ lastLine = $$0 }' $(MAKEFILE_LIST)
-
-.DEFAULT_GOAL := help
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
--- a/any.go
+++ b/any.go
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// Copyright 2022 Gin Core Team. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a MIT style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+//go:build !go1.18
+// +build !go1.18
+
+package gin
+
+type any = interface{}
--- a/auth.go
+++ b/auth.go
@ -16,9 +16,6 @@ import (
 // AuthUserKey is the cookie name for user credential in basic auth.
 const AuthUserKey = "user"

-// AuthProxyUserKey is the cookie name for proxy_user credential in basic auth for proxy.
-const AuthProxyUserKey = "proxy_user"
-
 // Accounts defines a key/value for user/pass list of authorized logins.
 type Accounts map[string]string

@ -92,25 +89,3 @@ func authorizationHeader(user, password string) string {
 	base := user + ":" + password
 	return "Basic " + base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(bytesconv.StringToBytes(base))
 }
-
-// BasicAuthForProxy returns a Basic HTTP Proxy-Authorization middleware.
-// If the realm is empty, "Proxy Authorization Required" will be used by default.
-func BasicAuthForProxy(accounts Accounts, realm string) HandlerFunc {
-	if realm == "" {
-		realm = "Proxy Authorization Required"
-	}
-	realm = "Basic realm=" + strconv.Quote(realm)
-	pairs := processAccounts(accounts)
-	return func(c *Context) {
-		proxyUser, found := pairs.searchCredential(c.requestHeader("Proxy-Authorization"))
-		if !found {
-			// Credentials doesn't match, we return 407 and abort handlers chain.
-			c.Header("Proxy-Authenticate", realm)
-			c.AbortWithStatus(http.StatusProxyAuthRequired)
-			return
-		}
-		// The proxy_user credentials was found, set proxy_user's id to key AuthProxyUserKey in this context, the proxy_user's id can be read later using
-		// c.MustGet(gin.AuthProxyUserKey).
-		c.Set(AuthProxyUserKey, proxyUser)
-	}
-}
--- a/auth_test.go
+++ b/auth_test.go
@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ func TestBasicAuthSucceed(t *testing.T) {
 	})

 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
-	req, _ := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/login", nil)
+	req, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", "/login", nil)
 	req.Header.Set("Authorization", authorizationHeader("admin", "password"))
 	router.ServeHTTP(w, req)

@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ func TestBasicAuth401(t *testing.T) {
 	})

 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
-	req, _ := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/login", nil)
+	req, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", "/login", nil)
 	req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Basic "+base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte("admin:password")))
 	router.ServeHTTP(w, req)

@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ func TestBasicAuth401WithCustomRealm(t *testing.T) {
 	})

 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
-	req, _ := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/login", nil)
+	req, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", "/login", nil)
 	req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Basic "+base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte("admin:password")))
 	router.ServeHTTP(w, req)

@ -137,40 +137,3 @@ func TestBasicAuth401WithCustomRealm(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusUnauthorized, w.Code)
 	assert.Equal(t, "Basic realm=\"My Custom \\\"Realm\\\"\"", w.Header().Get("WWW-Authenticate"))
 }
-
-func TestBasicAuthForProxySucceed(t *testing.T) {
-	accounts := Accounts{"admin": "password"}
-	router := New()
-	router.Use(BasicAuthForProxy(accounts, ""))
-	router.Any("/*proxyPath", func(c *Context) {
-		c.String(http.StatusOK, c.MustGet(AuthProxyUserKey).(string))
-	})
-
-	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
-	req, _ := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/test", nil)
-	req.Header.Set("Proxy-Authorization", authorizationHeader("admin", "password"))
-	router.ServeHTTP(w, req)
-
-	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
-	assert.Equal(t, "admin", w.Body.String())
-}
-
-func TestBasicAuthForProxy407(t *testing.T) {
-	called := false
-	accounts := Accounts{"foo": "bar"}
-	router := New()
-	router.Use(BasicAuthForProxy(accounts, ""))
-	router.Any("/*proxyPath", func(c *Context) {
-		called = true
-		c.String(http.StatusOK, c.MustGet(AuthProxyUserKey).(string))
-	})
-
-	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
-	req, _ := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/test", nil)
-	req.Header.Set("Proxy-Authorization", "Basic "+base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte("admin:password")))
-	router.ServeHTTP(w, req)
-
-	assert.False(t, called)
-	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusProxyAuthRequired, w.Code)
-	assert.Equal(t, "Basic realm=\"Proxy Authorization Required\"", w.Header().Get("Proxy-Authenticate"))
-}
--- a/benchmarks_test.go
+++ b/benchmarks_test.go
@ -14,21 +14,21 @@ import (
 func BenchmarkOneRoute(B *testing.B) {
 	router := New()
 	router.GET("/ping", func(c *Context) {})
-	runRequest(B, router, http.MethodGet, "/ping")
+	runRequest(B, router, "GET", "/ping")
 }

 func BenchmarkRecoveryMiddleware(B *testing.B) {
 	router := New()
 	router.Use(Recovery())
 	router.GET("/", func(c *Context) {})
-	runRequest(B, router, http.MethodGet, "/")
+	runRequest(B, router, "GET", "/")
 }

 func BenchmarkLoggerMiddleware(B *testing.B) {
 	router := New()
 	router.Use(LoggerWithWriter(newMockWriter()))
 	router.GET("/", func(c *Context) {})
-	runRequest(B, router, http.MethodGet, "/")
+	runRequest(B, router, "GET", "/")
 }

 func BenchmarkManyHandlers(B *testing.B) {
@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ func BenchmarkManyHandlers(B *testing.B) {
 	router.Use(func(c *Context) {})
 	router.Use(func(c *Context) {})
 	router.GET("/ping", func(c *Context) {})
-	runRequest(B, router, http.MethodGet, "/ping")
+	runRequest(B, router, "GET", "/ping")
 }

 func Benchmark5Params(B *testing.B) {
@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ func Benchmark5Params(B *testing.B) {
 	router := New()
 	router.Use(func(c *Context) {})
 	router.GET("/param/:param1/:params2/:param3/:param4/:param5", func(c *Context) {})
-	runRequest(B, router, http.MethodGet, "/param/path/to/parameter/john/12345")
+	runRequest(B, router, "GET", "/param/path/to/parameter/john/12345")
 }

 func BenchmarkOneRouteJSON(B *testing.B) {
@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ func BenchmarkOneRouteJSON(B *testing.B) {
 	router.GET("/json", func(c *Context) {
 		c.JSON(http.StatusOK, data)
 	})
-	runRequest(B, router, http.MethodGet, "/json")
+	runRequest(B, router, "GET", "/json")
 }

 func BenchmarkOneRouteHTML(B *testing.B) {
@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ func BenchmarkOneRouteHTML(B *testing.B) {
 	router.GET("/html", func(c *Context) {
 		c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "index", "hola")
 	})
-	runRequest(B, router, http.MethodGet, "/html")
+	runRequest(B, router, "GET", "/html")
 }

 func BenchmarkOneRouteSet(B *testing.B) {
@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ func BenchmarkOneRouteSet(B *testing.B) {
 	router.GET("/ping", func(c *Context) {
 		c.Set("key", "value")
 	})
-	runRequest(B, router, http.MethodGet, "/ping")
+	runRequest(B, router, "GET", "/ping")
 }

 func BenchmarkOneRouteString(B *testing.B) {
@ -84,13 +84,13 @@ func BenchmarkOneRouteString(B *testing.B) {
 	router.GET("/text", func(c *Context) {
 		c.String(http.StatusOK, "this is a plain text")
 	})
-	runRequest(B, router, http.MethodGet, "/text")
+	runRequest(B, router, "GET", "/text")
 }

 func BenchmarkManyRoutesFist(B *testing.B) {
 	router := New()
 	router.Any("/ping", func(c *Context) {})
-	runRequest(B, router, http.MethodGet, "/ping")
+	runRequest(B, router, "GET", "/ping")
 }

 func BenchmarkManyRoutesLast(B *testing.B) {
@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ func Benchmark404(B *testing.B) {
 	router := New()
 	router.Any("/something", func(c *Context) {})
 	router.NoRoute(func(c *Context) {})
-	runRequest(B, router, http.MethodGet, "/ping")
+	runRequest(B, router, "GET", "/ping")
 }

 func Benchmark404Many(B *testing.B) {
@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ func Benchmark404Many(B *testing.B) {
 	router.GET("/user/:id/:mode", func(c *Context) {})

 	router.NoRoute(func(c *Context) {})
-	runRequest(B, router, http.MethodGet, "/viewfake")
+	runRequest(B, router, "GET", "/viewfake")
 }

 type mockWriter struct {
--- a/binding/any.go
+++ b/binding/any.go
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// Copyright 2022 Gin Core Team. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a MIT style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+//go:build !go1.18
+// +build !go1.18
+
+package binding
+
+type any = interface{}
--- a/binding/binding.go
+++ b/binding/binding.go
@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

 //go:build !nomsgpack
+// +build !nomsgpack

 package binding

@ -21,7 +22,6 @@ const (
 	MIMEMSGPACK           = "application/x-msgpack"
 	MIMEMSGPACK2          = "application/msgpack"
 	MIMEYAML              = "application/x-yaml"
-	MIMEYAML2             = "application/yaml"
 	MIMETOML              = "application/toml"
 )

@ -73,19 +73,18 @@ var Validator StructValidator = &defaultValidator{}
 // These implement the Binding interface and can be used to bind the data
 // present in the request to struct instances.
 var (
-	JSON          BindingBody = jsonBinding{}
-	XML           BindingBody = xmlBinding{}
-	Form          Binding     = formBinding{}
-	Query         Binding     = queryBinding{}
-	FormPost      Binding     = formPostBinding{}
-	FormMultipart Binding     = formMultipartBinding{}
-	ProtoBuf      BindingBody = protobufBinding{}
-	MsgPack       BindingBody = msgpackBinding{}
-	YAML          BindingBody = yamlBinding{}
-	Uri           BindingUri  = uriBinding{}
-	Header        Binding     = headerBinding{}
-	Plain         BindingBody = plainBinding{}
-	TOML          BindingBody = tomlBinding{}
+	JSON          = jsonBinding{}
+	XML           = xmlBinding{}
+	Form          = formBinding{}
+	Query         = queryBinding{}
+	FormPost      = formPostBinding{}
+	FormMultipart = formMultipartBinding{}
+	ProtoBuf      = protobufBinding{}
+	MsgPack       = msgpackBinding{}
+	YAML          = yamlBinding{}
+	Uri           = uriBinding{}
+	Header        = headerBinding{}
+	TOML          = tomlBinding{}
 )

 // Default returns the appropriate Binding instance based on the HTTP method
@ -104,7 +103,7 @@ func Default(method, contentType string) Binding {
 		return ProtoBuf
 	case MIMEMSGPACK, MIMEMSGPACK2:
 		return MsgPack
-	case MIMEYAML, MIMEYAML2:
+	case MIMEYAML:
 		return YAML
 	case MIMETOML:
 		return TOML
--- a/binding/binding_msgpack_test.go
+++ b/binding/binding_msgpack_test.go
@ -3,16 +3,15 @@
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

 //go:build !nomsgpack
+// +build !nomsgpack

 package binding

 import (
 	"bytes"
-	"net/http"
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 	"github.com/ugorji/go/codec"
 )

@ -26,7 +25,7 @@ func TestBindingMsgPack(t *testing.T) {
 	buf := bytes.NewBuffer([]byte{})
 	assert.NotNil(t, buf)
 	err := codec.NewEncoder(buf, h).Encode(test)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)

 	data := buf.Bytes()

@ -40,20 +39,20 @@ func testMsgPackBodyBinding(t *testing.T, b Binding, name, path, badPath, body,
 	assert.Equal(t, name, b.Name())

 	obj := FooStruct{}
-	req := requestWithBody(http.MethodPost, path, body)
+	req := requestWithBody("POST", path, body)
 	req.Header.Add("Content-Type", MIMEMSGPACK)
 	err := b.Bind(req, &obj)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, "bar", obj.Foo)

 	obj = FooStruct{}
-	req = requestWithBody(http.MethodPost, badPath, badBody)
+	req = requestWithBody("POST", badPath, badBody)
 	req.Header.Add("Content-Type", MIMEMSGPACK)
 	err = MsgPack.Bind(req, &obj)
-	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
 }

 func TestBindingDefaultMsgPack(t *testing.T) {
-	assert.Equal(t, MsgPack, Default(http.MethodPost, MIMEMSGPACK))
-	assert.Equal(t, MsgPack, Default(http.MethodPut, MIMEMSGPACK2))
+	assert.Equal(t, MsgPack, Default("POST", MIMEMSGPACK))
+	assert.Equal(t, MsgPack, Default("PUT", MIMEMSGPACK2))
 }
--- a/binding/binding_nomsgpack.go
+++ b/binding/binding_nomsgpack.go
@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

 //go:build nomsgpack
+// +build nomsgpack

 package binding

@ -19,7 +20,6 @@ const (
 	MIMEMultipartPOSTForm = "multipart/form-data"
 	MIMEPROTOBUF          = "application/x-protobuf"
 	MIMEYAML              = "application/x-yaml"
-	MIMEYAML2             = "application/yaml"
 	MIMETOML              = "application/toml"
 )

@ -81,7 +81,6 @@ var (
 	Uri           = uriBinding{}
 	Header        = headerBinding{}
 	TOML          = tomlBinding{}
-	Plain         = plainBinding{}
 )

 // Default returns the appropriate Binding instance based on the HTTP method
@ -98,7 +97,7 @@ func Default(method, contentType string) Binding {
 		return XML
 	case MIMEPROTOBUF:
 		return ProtoBuf
-	case MIMEYAML, MIMEYAML2:
+	case MIMEYAML:
 		return YAML
 	case MIMEMultipartPOSTForm:
 		return FormMultipart
--- a/binding/binding_test.go
+++ b/binding/binding_test.go
--- a/binding/default_validator.go
+++ b/binding/default_validator.go
@ -5,8 +5,8 @@
 package binding

 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"reflect"
-	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"

@ -22,23 +22,28 @@ type SliceValidationError []error

 // Error concatenates all error elements in SliceValidationError into a single string separated by \n.
 func (err SliceValidationError) Error() string {
-	if len(err) == 0 {
+	n := len(err)
+	switch n {
+	case 0:
 		return ""
-	}
-
-	var b strings.Builder
-	for i := 0; i < len(err); i++ {
-		if err[i] != nil {
-			if b.Len() > 0 {
-				b.WriteString("\n")
-			}
-			b.WriteString("[" + strconv.Itoa(i) + "]: " + err[i].Error())
+	default:
+		var b strings.Builder
+		if err[0] != nil {
+			fmt.Fprintf(&b, "[%d]: %s", 0, err[0].Error())
 		}
+		if n > 1 {
+			for i := 1; i < n; i++ {
+				if err[i] != nil {
+					b.WriteString("\n")
+					fmt.Fprintf(&b, "[%d]: %s", i, err[i].Error())
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return b.String()
 	}
-	return b.String()
 }

-var _ StructValidator = (*defaultValidator)(nil)
+var _ StructValidator = &defaultValidator{}

 // ValidateStruct receives any kind of type, but only performed struct or pointer to struct type.
 func (v *defaultValidator) ValidateStruct(obj any) error {
@ -49,10 +54,7 @@ func (v *defaultValidator) ValidateStruct(obj any) error {
 	value := reflect.ValueOf(obj)
 	switch value.Kind() {
 	case reflect.Ptr:
-		if value.Elem().Kind() != reflect.Struct {
-			return v.ValidateStruct(value.Elem().Interface())
-		}
-		return v.validateStruct(obj)
+		return v.ValidateStruct(value.Elem().Interface())
 	case reflect.Struct:
 		return v.validateStruct(obj)
 	case reflect.Slice, reflect.Array:
--- a/binding/default_validator_benchmark_test.go
+++ b/binding/default_validator_benchmark_test.go
@ -12,15 +12,11 @@ import (

 func BenchmarkSliceValidationError(b *testing.B) {
 	const size int = 100
-	e := make(SliceValidationError, size)
-	for j := 0; j < size; j++ {
-		e[j] = errors.New(strconv.Itoa(j))
-	}
-
-	b.ReportAllocs()
-	b.ResetTimer()
-
 	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		e := make(SliceValidationError, size)
+		for j := 0; j < size; j++ {
+			e[j] = errors.New(strconv.Itoa(j))
+		}
 		if len(e.Error()) == 0 {
 			b.Errorf("error")
 		}
--- a/binding/form_mapping.go
+++ b/binding/form_mapping.go
@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ package binding
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"mime/multipart"
 	"reflect"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
@ -20,7 +19,7 @@ import (
 var (
 	errUnknownType = errors.New("unknown type")

-	// ErrConvertMapStringSlice can not convert to map[string][]string
+	// ErrConvertMapStringSlice can not covert to map[string][]string
 	ErrConvertMapStringSlice = errors.New("can not convert to map slices of strings")

 	// ErrConvertToMapString can not convert to map[string]string
@ -159,69 +158,12 @@ func tryToSetValue(value reflect.Value, field reflect.StructField, setter setter
 		if k, v := head(opt, "="); k == "default" {
 			setOpt.isDefaultExists = true
 			setOpt.defaultValue = v
-
-			// convert semicolon-separated default values to csv-separated values for processing in setByForm
-			if field.Type.Kind() == reflect.Slice || field.Type.Kind() == reflect.Array {
-				cfTag := field.Tag.Get("collection_format")
-				if cfTag == "" || cfTag == "multi" || cfTag == "csv" {
-					setOpt.defaultValue = strings.ReplaceAll(v, ";", ",")
-				}
-			}
 		}
 	}

 	return setter.TrySet(value, field, tagValue, setOpt)
 }

-// BindUnmarshaler is the interface used to wrap the UnmarshalParam method.
-type BindUnmarshaler interface {
-	// UnmarshalParam decodes and assigns a value from an form or query param.
-	UnmarshalParam(param string) error
-}
-
-// trySetCustom tries to set a custom type value
-// If the value implements the BindUnmarshaler interface, it will be used to set the value, we will return `true`
-// to skip the default value setting.
-func trySetCustom(val string, value reflect.Value) (isSet bool, err error) {
-	switch v := value.Addr().Interface().(type) {
-	case BindUnmarshaler:
-		return true, v.UnmarshalParam(val)
-	}
-	return false, nil
-}
-
-func trySplit(vs []string, field reflect.StructField) (newVs []string, err error) {
-	cfTag := field.Tag.Get("collection_format")
-	if cfTag == "" || cfTag == "multi" {
-		return vs, nil
-	}
-
-	var sep string
-	switch cfTag {
-	case "csv":
-		sep = ","
-	case "ssv":
-		sep = " "
-	case "tsv":
-		sep = "\t"
-	case "pipes":
-		sep = "|"
-	default:
-		return vs, fmt.Errorf("%s is not supported in the collection_format. (csv, ssv, pipes)", cfTag)
-	}
-
-	totalLength := 0
-	for _, v := range vs {
-		totalLength += strings.Count(v, sep) + 1
-	}
-	newVs = make([]string, 0, totalLength)
-	for _, v := range vs {
-		newVs = append(newVs, strings.Split(v, sep)...)
-	}
-
-	return newVs, nil
-}
-
 func setByForm(value reflect.Value, field reflect.StructField, form map[string][]string, tagValue string, opt setOptions) (isSet bool, err error) {
 	vs, ok := form[tagValue]
 	if !ok && !opt.isDefaultExists {
@ -232,46 +174,15 @@ func setByForm(value reflect.Value, field reflect.StructField, form map[string][
 	case reflect.Slice:
 		if !ok {
 			vs = []string{opt.defaultValue}
-
-			// pre-process the default value for multi if present
-			cfTag := field.Tag.Get("collection_format")
-			if cfTag == "" || cfTag == "multi" {
-				vs = strings.Split(opt.defaultValue, ",")
-			}
 		}
-
-		if ok, err = trySetCustom(vs[0], value); ok {
-			return ok, err
-		}
-
-		if vs, err = trySplit(vs, field); err != nil {
-			return false, err
-		}
-
 		return true, setSlice(vs, value, field)
 	case reflect.Array:
 		if !ok {
 			vs = []string{opt.defaultValue}
-
-			// pre-process the default value for multi if present
-			cfTag := field.Tag.Get("collection_format")
-			if cfTag == "" || cfTag == "multi" {
-				vs = strings.Split(opt.defaultValue, ",")
-			}
 		}
-
-		if ok, err = trySetCustom(vs[0], value); ok {
-			return ok, err
-		}
-
-		if vs, err = trySplit(vs, field); err != nil {
-			return false, err
-		}
-
 		if len(vs) != value.Len() {
 			return false, fmt.Errorf("%q is not valid value for %s", vs, value.Type().String())
 		}
-
 		return true, setArray(vs, value, field)
 	default:
 		var val string
@ -281,12 +192,6 @@ func setByForm(value reflect.Value, field reflect.StructField, form map[string][

 		if len(vs) > 0 {
 			val = vs[0]
-			if val == "" {
-				val = opt.defaultValue
-			}
-		}
-		if ok, err := trySetCustom(val, value); ok {
-			return ok, err
 		}
 		return true, setWithProperType(val, value, field)
 	}
@ -330,17 +235,10 @@ func setWithProperType(val string, value reflect.Value, field reflect.StructFiel
 		switch value.Interface().(type) {
 		case time.Time:
 			return setTimeField(val, field, value)
-		case multipart.FileHeader:
-			return nil
 		}
 		return json.Unmarshal(bytesconv.StringToBytes(val), value.Addr().Interface())
 	case reflect.Map:
 		return json.Unmarshal(bytesconv.StringToBytes(val), value.Addr().Interface())
-	case reflect.Ptr:
-		if !value.Elem().IsValid() {
-			value.Set(reflect.New(value.Type().Elem()))
-		}
-		return setWithProperType(val, value.Elem(), field)
 	default:
 		return errUnknownType
 	}
@ -398,24 +296,18 @@ func setTimeField(val string, structField reflect.StructField, value reflect.Val
 	}

 	switch tf := strings.ToLower(timeFormat); tf {
-	case "unix", "unixmilli", "unixmicro", "unixnano":
+	case "unix", "unixnano":
 		tv, err := strconv.ParseInt(val, 10, 64)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}

-		var t time.Time
-		switch tf {
-		case "unix":
-			t = time.Unix(tv, 0)
-		case "unixmilli":
-			t = time.UnixMilli(tv)
-		case "unixmicro":
-			t = time.UnixMicro(tv)
-		default:
-			t = time.Unix(0, tv)
+		d := time.Duration(1)
+		if tf == "unixnano" {
+			d = time.Second
 		}

+		t := time.Unix(tv/int64(d), tv%int64(d))
 		value.Set(reflect.ValueOf(t))
 		return nil
 	}
@ -477,8 +369,11 @@ func setTimeDuration(val string, value reflect.Value) error {
 }

 func head(str, sep string) (head string, tail string) {
-	head, tail, _ = strings.Cut(str, sep)
-	return head, tail
+	idx := strings.Index(str, sep)
+	if idx < 0 {
+		return str, ""
+	}
+	return str[:idx], str[idx+len(sep):]
 }

 func setFormMap(ptr any, form map[string][]string) error {
--- a/binding/form_mapping_test.go
+++ b/binding/form_mapping_test.go
@ -5,17 +5,11 @@
 package binding

 import (
-	"encoding/hex"
-	"errors"
-	"mime/multipart"
 	"reflect"
-	"strconv"
-	"strings"
 	"testing"
 	"time"

 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )

 func TestMappingBaseTypes(t *testing.T) {
@ -49,7 +43,6 @@ func TestMappingBaseTypes(t *testing.T) {
 		{"zero value", struct{ F uint }{}, "", uint(0)},
 		{"zero value", struct{ F bool }{}, "", false},
 		{"zero value", struct{ F float32 }{}, "", float32(0)},
-		{"file value", struct{ F *multipart.FileHeader }{}, "", &multipart.FileHeader{}},
 	} {
 		tp := reflect.TypeOf(tt.value)
 		testName := tt.name + ":" + tp.Field(0).Type.String()
@ -60,7 +53,7 @@ func TestMappingBaseTypes(t *testing.T) {
 		field := val.Elem().Type().Field(0)

 		_, err := mapping(val, emptyField, formSource{field.Name: {tt.form}}, "form")
-		require.NoError(t, err, testName)
+		assert.NoError(t, err, testName)

 		actual := val.Elem().Field(0).Interface()
 		assert.Equal(t, tt.expect, actual, testName)
@ -69,15 +62,13 @@ func TestMappingBaseTypes(t *testing.T) {

 func TestMappingDefault(t *testing.T) {
 	var s struct {
-		Str   string `form:",default=defaultVal"`
 		Int   int    `form:",default=9"`
 		Slice []int  `form:",default=9"`
 		Array [1]int `form:",default=9"`
 	}
 	err := mappingByPtr(&s, formSource{}, "form")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)

-	assert.Equal(t, "defaultVal", s.Str)
 	assert.Equal(t, 9, s.Int)
 	assert.Equal(t, []int{9}, s.Slice)
 	assert.Equal(t, [1]int{9}, s.Array)
@ -88,7 +79,7 @@ func TestMappingSkipField(t *testing.T) {
 		A int
 	}
 	err := mappingByPtr(&s, formSource{}, "form")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)

 	assert.Equal(t, 0, s.A)
 }
@ -99,7 +90,7 @@ func TestMappingIgnoreField(t *testing.T) {
 		B int `form:"-"`
 	}
 	err := mappingByPtr(&s, formSource{"A": {"9"}, "B": {"9"}}, "form")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)

 	assert.Equal(t, 9, s.A)
 	assert.Equal(t, 0, s.B)
@ -111,7 +102,7 @@ func TestMappingUnexportedField(t *testing.T) {
 		b int `form:"b"`
 	}
 	err := mappingByPtr(&s, formSource{"a": {"9"}, "b": {"9"}}, "form")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)

 	assert.Equal(t, 9, s.A)
 	assert.Equal(t, 0, s.b)
@ -122,8 +113,8 @@ func TestMappingPrivateField(t *testing.T) {
 		f int `form:"field"`
 	}
 	err := mappingByPtr(&s, formSource{"field": {"6"}}, "form")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, 0, s.f)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, int(0), s.f)
 }

 func TestMappingUnknownFieldType(t *testing.T) {
@ -132,7 +123,7 @@ func TestMappingUnknownFieldType(t *testing.T) {
 	}

 	err := mappingByPtr(&s, formSource{"U": {"unknown"}}, "form")
-	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, errUnknownType, err)
 }

@ -141,8 +132,8 @@ func TestMappingURI(t *testing.T) {
 		F int `uri:"field"`
 	}
 	err := mapURI(&s, map[string][]string{"field": {"6"}})
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, 6, s.F)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, int(6), s.F)
 }

 func TestMappingForm(t *testing.T) {
@ -150,26 +141,8 @@ func TestMappingForm(t *testing.T) {
 		F int `form:"field"`
 	}
 	err := mapForm(&s, map[string][]string{"field": {"6"}})
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, 6, s.F)
-}
-
-func TestMappingFormFieldNotSent(t *testing.T) {
-	var s struct {
-		F string `form:"field,default=defVal"`
-	}
-	err := mapForm(&s, map[string][]string{})
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, "defVal", s.F)
-}
-
-func TestMappingFormWithEmptyToDefault(t *testing.T) {
-	var s struct {
-		F string `form:"field,default=DefVal"`
-	}
-	err := mapForm(&s, map[string][]string{"field": {""}})
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, "DefVal", s.F)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, int(6), s.F)
 }

 func TestMapFormWithTag(t *testing.T) {
@ -177,8 +150,8 @@ func TestMapFormWithTag(t *testing.T) {
 		F int `externalTag:"field"`
 	}
 	err := MapFormWithTag(&s, map[string][]string{"field": {"6"}}, "externalTag")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, 6, s.F)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, int(6), s.F)
 }

 func TestMappingTime(t *testing.T) {
@ -192,7 +165,7 @@ func TestMappingTime(t *testing.T) {

 	var err error
 	time.Local, err = time.LoadLocation("Europe/Berlin")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)

 	err = mapForm(&s, map[string][]string{
 		"Time":      {"2019-01-20T16:02:58Z"},
@ -201,7 +174,7 @@ func TestMappingTime(t *testing.T) {
 		"CSTTime":   {"2019-01-20"},
 		"UTCTime":   {"2019-01-20"},
 	})
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)

 	assert.Equal(t, "2019-01-20 16:02:58 +0000 UTC", s.Time.String())
 	assert.Equal(t, "2019-01-20 00:00:00 +0100 CET", s.LocalTime.String())
@ -216,14 +189,14 @@ func TestMappingTime(t *testing.T) {
 		Time time.Time `time_location:"wrong"`
 	}
 	err = mapForm(&wrongLoc, map[string][]string{"Time": {"2019-01-20T16:02:58Z"}})
-	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Error(t, err)

 	// wrong time value
 	var wrongTime struct {
 		Time time.Time
 	}
 	err = mapForm(&wrongTime, map[string][]string{"Time": {"wrong"}})
-	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
 }

 func TestMappingTimeDuration(t *testing.T) {
@ -233,12 +206,12 @@ func TestMappingTimeDuration(t *testing.T) {

 	// ok
 	err := mappingByPtr(&s, formSource{"D": {"5s"}}, "form")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, 5*time.Second, s.D)

 	// error
 	err = mappingByPtr(&s, formSource{"D": {"wrong"}}, "form")
-	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
 }

 func TestMappingSlice(t *testing.T) {
@ -248,17 +221,17 @@ func TestMappingSlice(t *testing.T) {

 	// default value
 	err := mappingByPtr(&s, formSource{}, "form")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, []int{9}, s.Slice)

 	// ok
 	err = mappingByPtr(&s, formSource{"slice": {"3", "4"}}, "form")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, []int{3, 4}, s.Slice)

 	// error
 	err = mappingByPtr(&s, formSource{"slice": {"wrong"}}, "form")
-	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
 }

 func TestMappingArray(t *testing.T) {
@ -268,125 +241,20 @@ func TestMappingArray(t *testing.T) {

 	// wrong default
 	err := mappingByPtr(&s, formSource{}, "form")
-	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Error(t, err)

 	// ok
 	err = mappingByPtr(&s, formSource{"array": {"3", "4"}}, "form")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, [2]int{3, 4}, s.Array)

 	// error - not enough vals
 	err = mappingByPtr(&s, formSource{"array": {"3"}}, "form")
-	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Error(t, err)

 	// error - wrong value
 	err = mappingByPtr(&s, formSource{"array": {"wrong"}}, "form")
-	require.Error(t, err)
-}
-
-func TestMappingCollectionFormat(t *testing.T) {
-	var s struct {
-		SliceMulti []int  `form:"slice_multi" collection_format:"multi"`
-		SliceCsv   []int  `form:"slice_csv" collection_format:"csv"`
-		SliceSsv   []int  `form:"slice_ssv" collection_format:"ssv"`
-		SliceTsv   []int  `form:"slice_tsv" collection_format:"tsv"`
-		SlicePipes []int  `form:"slice_pipes" collection_format:"pipes"`
-		ArrayMulti [2]int `form:"array_multi" collection_format:"multi"`
-		ArrayCsv   [2]int `form:"array_csv" collection_format:"csv"`
-		ArraySsv   [2]int `form:"array_ssv" collection_format:"ssv"`
-		ArrayTsv   [2]int `form:"array_tsv" collection_format:"tsv"`
-		ArrayPipes [2]int `form:"array_pipes" collection_format:"pipes"`
-	}
-	err := mappingByPtr(&s, formSource{
-		"slice_multi": {"1", "2"},
-		"slice_csv":   {"1,2"},
-		"slice_ssv":   {"1 2"},
-		"slice_tsv":   {"1	2"},
-		"slice_pipes": {"1|2"},
-		"array_multi": {"1", "2"},
-		"array_csv":   {"1,2"},
-		"array_ssv":   {"1 2"},
-		"array_tsv":   {"1	2"},
-		"array_pipes": {"1|2"},
-	}, "form")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	assert.Equal(t, []int{1, 2}, s.SliceMulti)
-	assert.Equal(t, []int{1, 2}, s.SliceCsv)
-	assert.Equal(t, []int{1, 2}, s.SliceSsv)
-	assert.Equal(t, []int{1, 2}, s.SliceTsv)
-	assert.Equal(t, []int{1, 2}, s.SlicePipes)
-	assert.Equal(t, [2]int{1, 2}, s.ArrayMulti)
-	assert.Equal(t, [2]int{1, 2}, s.ArrayCsv)
-	assert.Equal(t, [2]int{1, 2}, s.ArraySsv)
-	assert.Equal(t, [2]int{1, 2}, s.ArrayTsv)
-	assert.Equal(t, [2]int{1, 2}, s.ArrayPipes)
-}
-
-func TestMappingCollectionFormatInvalid(t *testing.T) {
-	var s struct {
-		SliceCsv []int `form:"slice_csv" collection_format:"xxx"`
-	}
-	err := mappingByPtr(&s, formSource{
-		"slice_csv": {"1,2"},
-	}, "form")
-	require.Error(t, err)
-
-	var s2 struct {
-		ArrayCsv [2]int `form:"array_csv" collection_format:"xxx"`
-	}
-	err = mappingByPtr(&s2, formSource{
-		"array_csv": {"1,2"},
-	}, "form")
-	require.Error(t, err)
-}
-
-func TestMappingMultipleDefaultWithCollectionFormat(t *testing.T) {
-	var s struct {
-		SliceMulti       []int     `form:",default=1;2;3" collection_format:"multi"`
-		SliceCsv         []int     `form:",default=1;2;3" collection_format:"csv"`
-		SliceSsv         []int     `form:",default=1 2 3" collection_format:"ssv"`
-		SliceTsv         []int     `form:",default=1\t2\t3" collection_format:"tsv"`
-		SlicePipes       []int     `form:",default=1|2|3" collection_format:"pipes"`
-		ArrayMulti       [2]int    `form:",default=1;2" collection_format:"multi"`
-		ArrayCsv         [2]int    `form:",default=1;2" collection_format:"csv"`
-		ArraySsv         [2]int    `form:",default=1 2" collection_format:"ssv"`
-		ArrayTsv         [2]int    `form:",default=1\t2" collection_format:"tsv"`
-		ArrayPipes       [2]int    `form:",default=1|2" collection_format:"pipes"`
-		SliceStringMulti []string  `form:",default=1;2;3" collection_format:"multi"`
-		SliceStringCsv   []string  `form:",default=1;2;3" collection_format:"csv"`
-		SliceStringSsv   []string  `form:",default=1 2 3" collection_format:"ssv"`
-		SliceStringTsv   []string  `form:",default=1\t2\t3" collection_format:"tsv"`
-		SliceStringPipes []string  `form:",default=1|2|3" collection_format:"pipes"`
-		ArrayStringMulti [2]string `form:",default=1;2" collection_format:"multi"`
-		ArrayStringCsv   [2]string `form:",default=1;2" collection_format:"csv"`
-		ArrayStringSsv   [2]string `form:",default=1 2" collection_format:"ssv"`
-		ArrayStringTsv   [2]string `form:",default=1\t2" collection_format:"tsv"`
-		ArrayStringPipes [2]string `form:",default=1|2" collection_format:"pipes"`
-	}
-	err := mappingByPtr(&s, formSource{}, "form")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	assert.Equal(t, []int{1, 2, 3}, s.SliceMulti)
-	assert.Equal(t, []int{1, 2, 3}, s.SliceCsv)
-	assert.Equal(t, []int{1, 2, 3}, s.SliceSsv)
-	assert.Equal(t, []int{1, 2, 3}, s.SliceTsv)
-	assert.Equal(t, []int{1, 2, 3}, s.SlicePipes)
-	assert.Equal(t, [2]int{1, 2}, s.ArrayMulti)
-	assert.Equal(t, [2]int{1, 2}, s.ArrayCsv)
-	assert.Equal(t, [2]int{1, 2}, s.ArraySsv)
-	assert.Equal(t, [2]int{1, 2}, s.ArrayTsv)
-	assert.Equal(t, [2]int{1, 2}, s.ArrayPipes)
-	assert.Equal(t, []string{"1", "2", "3"}, s.SliceStringMulti)
-	assert.Equal(t, []string{"1", "2", "3"}, s.SliceStringCsv)
-	assert.Equal(t, []string{"1", "2", "3"}, s.SliceStringSsv)
-	assert.Equal(t, []string{"1", "2", "3"}, s.SliceStringTsv)
-	assert.Equal(t, []string{"1", "2", "3"}, s.SliceStringPipes)
-	assert.Equal(t, [2]string{"1", "2"}, s.ArrayStringMulti)
-	assert.Equal(t, [2]string{"1", "2"}, s.ArrayStringCsv)
-	assert.Equal(t, [2]string{"1", "2"}, s.ArrayStringSsv)
-	assert.Equal(t, [2]string{"1", "2"}, s.ArrayStringTsv)
-	assert.Equal(t, [2]string{"1", "2"}, s.ArrayStringPipes)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
 }

 func TestMappingStructField(t *testing.T) {
@ -397,50 +265,17 @@ func TestMappingStructField(t *testing.T) {
 	}

 	err := mappingByPtr(&s, formSource{"J": {`{"I": 9}`}}, "form")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, 9, s.J.I)
 }

-func TestMappingPtrField(t *testing.T) {
-	type ptrStruct struct {
-		Key int64 `json:"key"`
-	}
-
-	type ptrRequest struct {
-		Items []*ptrStruct `json:"items" form:"items"`
-	}
-
-	var err error
-
-	// With 0 items.
-	var req0 ptrRequest
-	err = mappingByPtr(&req0, formSource{}, "form")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Empty(t, req0.Items)
-
-	// With 1 item.
-	var req1 ptrRequest
-	err = mappingByPtr(&req1, formSource{"items": {`{"key": 1}`}}, "form")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Len(t, req1.Items, 1)
-	assert.EqualValues(t, 1, req1.Items[0].Key)
-
-	// With 2 items.
-	var req2 ptrRequest
-	err = mappingByPtr(&req2, formSource{"items": {`{"key": 1}`, `{"key": 2}`}}, "form")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Len(t, req2.Items, 2)
-	assert.EqualValues(t, 1, req2.Items[0].Key)
-	assert.EqualValues(t, 2, req2.Items[1].Key)
-}
-
 func TestMappingMapField(t *testing.T) {
 	var s struct {
 		M map[string]int
 	}

 	err := mappingByPtr(&s, formSource{"M": {`{"one": 1}`}}, "form")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, map[string]int{"one": 1}, s.M)
 }

@ -451,187 +286,5 @@ func TestMappingIgnoredCircularRef(t *testing.T) {
 	var s S

 	err := mappingByPtr(&s, formSource{}, "form")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-}
-
-type customUnmarshalParamHex int
-
-func (f *customUnmarshalParamHex) UnmarshalParam(param string) error {
-	v, err := strconv.ParseInt(param, 16, 64)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	*f = customUnmarshalParamHex(v)
-	return nil
-}
-
-func TestMappingCustomUnmarshalParamHexWithFormTag(t *testing.T) {
-	var s struct {
-		Foo customUnmarshalParamHex `form:"foo"`
-	}
-	err := mappingByPtr(&s, formSource{"foo": {`f5`}}, "form")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	assert.EqualValues(t, 245, s.Foo)
-}
-
-func TestMappingCustomUnmarshalParamHexWithURITag(t *testing.T) {
-	var s struct {
-		Foo customUnmarshalParamHex `uri:"foo"`
-	}
-	err := mappingByPtr(&s, formSource{"foo": {`f5`}}, "uri")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	assert.EqualValues(t, 245, s.Foo)
-}
-
-type customUnmarshalParamType struct {
-	Protocol string
-	Path     string
-	Name     string
-}
-
-func (f *customUnmarshalParamType) UnmarshalParam(param string) error {
-	parts := strings.Split(param, ":")
-	if len(parts) != 3 {
-		return errors.New("invalid format")
-	}
-	f.Protocol = parts[0]
-	f.Path = parts[1]
-	f.Name = parts[2]
-	return nil
-}
-
-func TestMappingCustomStructTypeWithFormTag(t *testing.T) {
-	var s struct {
-		FileData customUnmarshalParamType `form:"data"`
-	}
-	err := mappingByPtr(&s, formSource{"data": {`file:/foo:happiness`}}, "form")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	assert.EqualValues(t, "file", s.FileData.Protocol)
-	assert.EqualValues(t, "/foo", s.FileData.Path)
-	assert.EqualValues(t, "happiness", s.FileData.Name)
-}
-
-func TestMappingCustomStructTypeWithURITag(t *testing.T) {
-	var s struct {
-		FileData customUnmarshalParamType `uri:"data"`
-	}
-	err := mappingByPtr(&s, formSource{"data": {`file:/foo:happiness`}}, "uri")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	assert.EqualValues(t, "file", s.FileData.Protocol)
-	assert.EqualValues(t, "/foo", s.FileData.Path)
-	assert.EqualValues(t, "happiness", s.FileData.Name)
-}
-
-func TestMappingCustomPointerStructTypeWithFormTag(t *testing.T) {
-	var s struct {
-		FileData *customUnmarshalParamType `form:"data"`
-	}
-	err := mappingByPtr(&s, formSource{"data": {`file:/foo:happiness`}}, "form")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	assert.EqualValues(t, "file", s.FileData.Protocol)
-	assert.EqualValues(t, "/foo", s.FileData.Path)
-	assert.EqualValues(t, "happiness", s.FileData.Name)
-}
-
-func TestMappingCustomPointerStructTypeWithURITag(t *testing.T) {
-	var s struct {
-		FileData *customUnmarshalParamType `uri:"data"`
-	}
-	err := mappingByPtr(&s, formSource{"data": {`file:/foo:happiness`}}, "uri")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	assert.EqualValues(t, "file", s.FileData.Protocol)
-	assert.EqualValues(t, "/foo", s.FileData.Path)
-	assert.EqualValues(t, "happiness", s.FileData.Name)
-}
-
-type customPath []string
-
-func (p *customPath) UnmarshalParam(param string) error {
-	elems := strings.Split(param, "/")
-	n := len(elems)
-	if n < 2 {
-		return errors.New("invalid format")
-	}
-
-	*p = elems
-	return nil
-}
-
-func TestMappingCustomSliceUri(t *testing.T) {
-	var s struct {
-		FileData customPath `uri:"path"`
-	}
-	err := mappingByPtr(&s, formSource{"path": {`bar/foo`}}, "uri")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	assert.EqualValues(t, "bar", s.FileData[0])
-	assert.EqualValues(t, "foo", s.FileData[1])
-}
-
-func TestMappingCustomSliceForm(t *testing.T) {
-	var s struct {
-		FileData customPath `form:"path"`
-	}
-	err := mappingByPtr(&s, formSource{"path": {`bar/foo`}}, "form")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	assert.EqualValues(t, "bar", s.FileData[0])
-	assert.EqualValues(t, "foo", s.FileData[1])
-}
-
-type objectID [12]byte
-
-func (o *objectID) UnmarshalParam(param string) error {
-	oid, err := convertTo(param)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	*o = oid
-	return nil
-}
-
-func convertTo(s string) (objectID, error) {
-	var nilObjectID objectID
-	if len(s) != 24 {
-		return nilObjectID, errors.New("invalid format")
-	}
-
-	var oid [12]byte
-	_, err := hex.Decode(oid[:], []byte(s))
-	if err != nil {
-		return nilObjectID, err
-	}
-
-	return oid, nil
-}
-
-func TestMappingCustomArrayUri(t *testing.T) {
-	var s struct {
-		FileData objectID `uri:"id"`
-	}
-	val := `664a062ac74a8ad104e0e80f`
-	err := mappingByPtr(&s, formSource{"id": {val}}, "uri")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	expected, _ := convertTo(val)
-	assert.EqualValues(t, expected, s.FileData)
-}
-
-func TestMappingCustomArrayForm(t *testing.T) {
-	var s struct {
-		FileData objectID `form:"id"`
-	}
-	val := `664a062ac74a8ad104e0e80f`
-	err := mappingByPtr(&s, formSource{"id": {val}}, "form")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	expected, _ := convertTo(val)
-	assert.EqualValues(t, expected, s.FileData)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
 }
--- a/binding/json.go
+++ b/binding/json.go
@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ import (

 // EnableDecoderUseNumber is used to call the UseNumber method on the JSON
 // Decoder instance. UseNumber causes the Decoder to unmarshal a number into an
-// any as a Number instead of as a float64.
+// interface{} as a Number instead of as a float64.
 var EnableDecoderUseNumber = false

 // EnableDecoderDisallowUnknownFields is used to call the DisallowUnknownFields method
--- a/binding/msgpack.go
+++ b/binding/msgpack.go
@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

 //go:build !nomsgpack
+// +build !nomsgpack

 package binding

--- a/binding/msgpack_test.go
+++ b/binding/msgpack_test.go
@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

 //go:build !nomsgpack
+// +build !nomsgpack

 package binding

--- a/binding/multipart_form_mapping_test.go
+++ b/binding/multipart_form_mapping_test.go
@ -6,13 +6,12 @@ package binding

 import (
 	"bytes"
-	"io"
+	"io/ioutil"
 	"mime/multipart"
 	"net/http"
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )

 func TestFormMultipartBindingBindOneFile(t *testing.T) {
@ -28,7 +27,7 @@ func TestFormMultipartBindingBindOneFile(t *testing.T) {

 	req := createRequestMultipartFiles(t, file)
 	err := FormMultipart.Bind(req, &s)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)

 	assertMultipartFileHeader(t, &s.FileValue, file)
 	assertMultipartFileHeader(t, s.FilePtr, file)
@ -54,7 +53,7 @@ func TestFormMultipartBindingBindTwoFiles(t *testing.T) {

 	req := createRequestMultipartFiles(t, files...)
 	err := FormMultipart.Bind(req, &s)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)

 	assert.Len(t, s.SliceValues, len(files))
 	assert.Len(t, s.SlicePtrs, len(files))
@ -91,7 +90,7 @@ func TestFormMultipartBindingBindError(t *testing.T) {
 	} {
 		req := createRequestMultipartFiles(t, files...)
 		err := FormMultipart.Bind(req, tt.s)
-		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Error(t, err)
 	}
 }

@ -107,17 +106,17 @@ func createRequestMultipartFiles(t *testing.T, files ...testFile) *http.Request
 	mw := multipart.NewWriter(&body)
 	for _, file := range files {
 		fw, err := mw.CreateFormFile(file.Fieldname, file.Filename)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)

 		n, err := fw.Write(file.Content)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.Equal(t, len(file.Content), n)
 	}
 	err := mw.Close()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)

-	req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", &body)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", "/", &body)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)

 	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", MIMEMultipartPOSTForm+"; boundary="+mw.Boundary())
 	return req
@ -128,12 +127,12 @@ func assertMultipartFileHeader(t *testing.T, fh *multipart.FileHeader, file test
 	assert.Equal(t, int64(len(file.Content)), fh.Size)

 	fl, err := fh.Open()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)

-	body, err := io.ReadAll(fl)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(fl)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, string(file.Content), string(body))

 	err = fl.Close()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
 }
--- a/binding/plain.go
+++ b/binding/plain.go
@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
-package binding
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"io"
-	"net/http"
-	"reflect"
-
-	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin/internal/bytesconv"
-)
-
-type plainBinding struct{}
-
-func (plainBinding) Name() string {
-	return "plain"
-}
-
-func (plainBinding) Bind(req *http.Request, obj interface{}) error {
-	all, err := io.ReadAll(req.Body)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	return decodePlain(all, obj)
-}
-
-func (plainBinding) BindBody(body []byte, obj any) error {
-	return decodePlain(body, obj)
-}
-
-func decodePlain(data []byte, obj any) error {
-	if obj == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	v := reflect.ValueOf(obj)
-
-	for v.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
-		if v.IsNil() {
-			return nil
-		}
-		v = v.Elem()
-	}
-
-	if v.Kind() == reflect.String {
-		v.SetString(bytesconv.BytesToString(data))
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	if _, ok := v.Interface().([]byte); ok {
-		v.SetBytes(data)
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	return fmt.Errorf("type (%T) unknown type", v)
-}
--- a/binding/protobuf.go
+++ b/binding/protobuf.go
@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ package binding

 import (
 	"errors"
-	"io"
+	"io/ioutil"
 	"net/http"

 	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ func (protobufBinding) Name() string {
 }

 func (b protobufBinding) Bind(req *http.Request, obj any) error {
-	buf, err := io.ReadAll(req.Body)
+	buf, err := ioutil.ReadAll(req.Body)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
--- a/binding/toml.go
+++ b/binding/toml.go
@ -18,6 +18,14 @@ func (tomlBinding) Name() string {
 	return "toml"
 }

+func decodeToml(r io.Reader, obj any) error {
+	decoder := toml.NewDecoder(r)
+	if err := decoder.Decode(obj); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return decoder.Decode(obj)
+}
+
 func (tomlBinding) Bind(req *http.Request, obj any) error {
 	return decodeToml(req.Body, obj)
 }
@ -25,11 +33,3 @@ func (tomlBinding) Bind(req *http.Request, obj any) error {
 func (tomlBinding) BindBody(body []byte, obj any) error {
 	return decodeToml(bytes.NewReader(body), obj)
 }
-
-func decodeToml(r io.Reader, obj any) error {
-	decoder := toml.NewDecoder(r)
-	if err := decoder.Decode(obj); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	return validate(obj)
-}
--- a/binding/validate_test.go
+++ b/binding/validate_test.go
@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ import (

 	"github.com/go-playground/validator/v10"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )

 type testInterface interface {
@ -114,10 +113,10 @@ func TestValidateNoValidationValues(t *testing.T) {
 	test := createNoValidationValues()
 	empty := structNoValidationValues{}

-	require.NoError(t, validate(test))
-	require.NoError(t, validate(&test))
-	require.NoError(t, validate(empty))
-	require.NoError(t, validate(&empty))
+	assert.Nil(t, validate(test))
+	assert.Nil(t, validate(&test))
+	assert.Nil(t, validate(empty))
+	assert.Nil(t, validate(&empty))

 	assert.Equal(t, origin, test)
 }
@ -164,8 +163,8 @@ func TestValidateNoValidationPointers(t *testing.T) {

 	//assert.Nil(t, validate(test))
 	//assert.Nil(t, validate(&test))
-	require.NoError(t, validate(empty))
-	require.NoError(t, validate(&empty))
+	assert.Nil(t, validate(empty))
+	assert.Nil(t, validate(&empty))

 	//assert.Equal(t, origin, test)
 }
@ -174,49 +173,25 @@ type Object map[string]any

 func TestValidatePrimitives(t *testing.T) {
 	obj := Object{"foo": "bar", "bar": 1}
-	require.NoError(t, validate(obj))
-	require.NoError(t, validate(&obj))
+	assert.NoError(t, validate(obj))
+	assert.NoError(t, validate(&obj))
 	assert.Equal(t, Object{"foo": "bar", "bar": 1}, obj)

 	obj2 := []Object{{"foo": "bar", "bar": 1}, {"foo": "bar", "bar": 1}}
-	require.NoError(t, validate(obj2))
-	require.NoError(t, validate(&obj2))
+	assert.NoError(t, validate(obj2))
+	assert.NoError(t, validate(&obj2))

 	nu := 10
-	require.NoError(t, validate(nu))
-	require.NoError(t, validate(&nu))
+	assert.NoError(t, validate(nu))
+	assert.NoError(t, validate(&nu))
 	assert.Equal(t, 10, nu)

 	str := "value"
-	require.NoError(t, validate(str))
-	require.NoError(t, validate(&str))
+	assert.NoError(t, validate(str))
+	assert.NoError(t, validate(&str))
 	assert.Equal(t, "value", str)
 }

-type structModifyValidation struct {
-	Integer int
-}
-
-func toZero(sl validator.StructLevel) {
-	var s *structModifyValidation = sl.Top().Interface().(*structModifyValidation)
-	s.Integer = 0
-}
-
-func TestValidateAndModifyStruct(t *testing.T) {
-	// This validates that pointers to structs are passed to the validator
-	// giving us the ability to modify the struct being validated.
-	engine, ok := Validator.Engine().(*validator.Validate)
-	assert.True(t, ok)
-
-	engine.RegisterStructValidation(toZero, structModifyValidation{})
-
-	s := structModifyValidation{Integer: 1}
-	errs := validate(&s)
-
-	require.NoError(t, errs)
-	assert.Equal(t, structModifyValidation{Integer: 0}, s)
-}
-
 // structCustomValidation is a helper struct we use to check that
 // custom validation can be registered on it.
 // The `notone` binding directive is for custom validation and registered later.
@ -240,14 +215,14 @@ func TestValidatorEngine(t *testing.T) {

 	err := engine.RegisterValidation("notone", notOne)
 	// Check that we can register custom validation without error
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Nil(t, err)

 	// Create an instance which will fail validation
 	withOne := structCustomValidation{Integer: 1}
 	errs := validate(withOne)

 	// Check that we got back non-nil errs
-	require.Error(t, errs)
+	assert.NotNil(t, errs)
 	// Check that the error matches expectation
-	require.Error(t, errs, "", "", "notone")
+	assert.Error(t, errs, "", "", "notone")
 }
--- a/binding/yaml.go
+++ b/binding/yaml.go
@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"net/http"

-	"gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
+	"gopkg.in/yaml.v2"
 )

 type yamlBinding struct{}
--- a/codecov.yml
+++ b/codecov.yml
@ -1,13 +1,5 @@
 coverage:
-  require_ci_to_pass: true
-
-  status:
-    project:
+  notify:
+    gitter:
      default:
-        target: 99%
-        threshold: 99%
-
-    patch:
-      default:
-        target: 99%
-        threshold: 95%
+        url: https://webhooks.gitter.im/e/d90dcdeeab2f1e357165
--- a/context.go
+++ b/context.go
@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ package gin
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"io"
-	"io/fs"
+	"io/ioutil"
 	"log"
 	"math"
 	"mime/multipart"
@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ import (
 	"net/http"
 	"net/url"
 	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
@ -35,7 +34,6 @@ const (
 	MIMEPOSTForm          = binding.MIMEPOSTForm
 	MIMEMultipartPOSTForm = binding.MIMEMultipartPOSTForm
 	MIMEYAML              = binding.MIMEYAML
-	MIMEYAML2             = binding.MIMEYAML2
 	MIMETOML              = binding.MIMETOML
 )

@ -45,10 +43,6 @@ const BodyBytesKey = "_gin-gonic/gin/bodybyteskey"
 // ContextKey is the key that a Context returns itself for.
 const ContextKey = "_gin-gonic/gin/contextkey"

-type ContextKeyType int
-
-const ContextRequestKey ContextKeyType = 0
-
 // abortIndex represents a typical value used in abort functions.
 const abortIndex int8 = math.MaxInt8 >> 1

@ -119,27 +113,20 @@ func (c *Context) Copy() *Context {
 	cp := Context{
 		writermem: c.writermem,
 		Request:   c.Request,
+		Params:    c.Params,
 		engine:    c.engine,
 	}
-
 	cp.writermem.ResponseWriter = nil
 	cp.Writer = &cp.writermem
 	cp.index = abortIndex
 	cp.handlers = nil
-	cp.fullPath = c.fullPath
-
-	cKeys := c.Keys
-	cp.Keys = make(map[string]any, len(cKeys))
-	c.mu.RLock()
-	for k, v := range cKeys {
+	cp.Keys = map[string]any{}
+	for k, v := range c.Keys {
 		cp.Keys[k] = v
 	}
-	c.mu.RUnlock()
-
-	cParams := c.Params
-	cp.Params = make([]Param, len(cParams))
-	copy(cp.Params, cParams)
-
+	paramCopy := make([]Param, len(cp.Params))
+	copy(paramCopy, cp.Params)
+	cp.Params = paramCopy
 	return &cp
 }

@ -154,9 +141,6 @@ func (c *Context) HandlerName() string {
 func (c *Context) HandlerNames() []string {
 	hn := make([]string, 0, len(c.handlers))
 	for _, val := range c.handlers {
-		if val == nil {
-			continue
-		}
 		hn = append(hn, nameOfFunction(val))
 	}
 	return hn
@ -169,10 +153,9 @@ func (c *Context) Handler() HandlerFunc {

 // FullPath returns a matched route full path. For not found routes
 // returns an empty string.
-//
-//	router.GET("/user/:id", func(c *gin.Context) {
-//	    c.FullPath() == "/user/:id" // true
-//	})
+//     router.GET("/user/:id", func(c *gin.Context) {
+//         c.FullPath() == "/user/:id" // true
+//     })
 func (c *Context) FullPath() string {
 	return c.fullPath
 }
@ -187,9 +170,7 @@ func (c *Context) FullPath() string {
 func (c *Context) Next() {
 	c.index++
 	for c.index < int8(len(c.handlers)) {
-		if c.handlers[c.index] != nil {
-			c.handlers[c.index](c)
-		}
+		c.handlers[c.index](c)
 		c.index++
 	}
 }
@ -266,20 +247,20 @@ func (c *Context) Error(err error) *Error {
 // It also lazy initializes  c.Keys if it was not used previously.
 func (c *Context) Set(key string, value any) {
 	c.mu.Lock()
-	defer c.mu.Unlock()
 	if c.Keys == nil {
 		c.Keys = make(map[string]any)
 	}

 	c.Keys[key] = value
+	c.mu.Unlock()
 }

 // Get returns the value for the given key, ie: (value, true).
 // If the value does not exist it returns (nil, false)
 func (c *Context) Get(key string) (value any, exists bool) {
 	c.mu.RLock()
-	defer c.mu.RUnlock()
 	value, exists = c.Keys[key]
+	c.mu.RUnlock()
 	return
 }

@ -291,171 +272,108 @@ func (c *Context) MustGet(key string) any {
 	panic("Key \"" + key + "\" does not exist")
 }

-func getTyped[T any](c *Context, key string) (res T) {
+// GetString returns the value associated with the key as a string.
+func (c *Context) GetString(key string) (s string) {
 	if val, ok := c.Get(key); ok && val != nil {
-		res, _ = val.(T)
+		s, _ = val.(string)
 	}
 	return
 }

-// GetString returns the value associated with the key as a string.
-func (c *Context) GetString(key string) (s string) {
-	return getTyped[string](c, key)
-}
-
 // GetBool returns the value associated with the key as a boolean.
 func (c *Context) GetBool(key string) (b bool) {
-	return getTyped[bool](c, key)
+	if val, ok := c.Get(key); ok && val != nil {
+		b, _ = val.(bool)
+	}
+	return
 }

 // GetInt returns the value associated with the key as an integer.
 func (c *Context) GetInt(key string) (i int) {
-	return getTyped[int](c, key)
+	if val, ok := c.Get(key); ok && val != nil {
+		i, _ = val.(int)
+	}
+	return
 }

-// GetInt8 returns the value associated with the key as an integer 8.
-func (c *Context) GetInt8(key string) (i8 int8) {
-	return getTyped[int8](c, key)
-}
-
-// GetInt16 returns the value associated with the key as an integer 16.
-func (c *Context) GetInt16(key string) (i16 int16) {
-	return getTyped[int16](c, key)
-}
-
-// GetInt32 returns the value associated with the key as an integer 32.
-func (c *Context) GetInt32(key string) (i32 int32) {
-	return getTyped[int32](c, key)
-}
-
-// GetInt64 returns the value associated with the key as an integer 64.
+// GetInt64 returns the value associated with the key as an integer.
 func (c *Context) GetInt64(key string) (i64 int64) {
-	return getTyped[int64](c, key)
+	if val, ok := c.Get(key); ok && val != nil {
+		i64, _ = val.(int64)
+	}
+	return
 }

 // GetUint returns the value associated with the key as an unsigned integer.
 func (c *Context) GetUint(key string) (ui uint) {
-	return getTyped[uint](c, key)
+	if val, ok := c.Get(key); ok && val != nil {
+		ui, _ = val.(uint)
+	}
+	return
 }

-// GetUint8 returns the value associated with the key as an unsigned integer 8.
-func (c *Context) GetUint8(key string) (ui8 uint8) {
-	return getTyped[uint8](c, key)
-}
-
-// GetUint16 returns the value associated with the key as an unsigned integer 16.
-func (c *Context) GetUint16(key string) (ui16 uint16) {
-	return getTyped[uint16](c, key)
-}
-
-// GetUint32 returns the value associated with the key as an unsigned integer 32.
-func (c *Context) GetUint32(key string) (ui32 uint32) {
-	return getTyped[uint32](c, key)
-}
-
-// GetUint64 returns the value associated with the key as an unsigned integer 64.
+// GetUint64 returns the value associated with the key as an unsigned integer.
 func (c *Context) GetUint64(key string) (ui64 uint64) {
-	return getTyped[uint64](c, key)
-}
-
-// GetFloat32 returns the value associated with the key as a float32.
-func (c *Context) GetFloat32(key string) (f32 float32) {
-	return getTyped[float32](c, key)
+	if val, ok := c.Get(key); ok && val != nil {
+		ui64, _ = val.(uint64)
+	}
+	return
 }

 // GetFloat64 returns the value associated with the key as a float64.
 func (c *Context) GetFloat64(key string) (f64 float64) {
-	return getTyped[float64](c, key)
+	if val, ok := c.Get(key); ok && val != nil {
+		f64, _ = val.(float64)
+	}
+	return
 }

 // GetTime returns the value associated with the key as time.
 func (c *Context) GetTime(key string) (t time.Time) {
-	return getTyped[time.Time](c, key)
+	if val, ok := c.Get(key); ok && val != nil {
+		t, _ = val.(time.Time)
+	}
+	return
 }

 // GetDuration returns the value associated with the key as a duration.
 func (c *Context) GetDuration(key string) (d time.Duration) {
-	return getTyped[time.Duration](c, key)
-}
-
-// GetIntSlice returns the value associated with the key as a slice of integers.
-func (c *Context) GetIntSlice(key string) (is []int) {
-	return getTyped[[]int](c, key)
-}
-
-// GetInt8Slice returns the value associated with the key as a slice of int8 integers.
-func (c *Context) GetInt8Slice(key string) (i8s []int8) {
-	return getTyped[[]int8](c, key)
-}
-
-// GetInt16Slice returns the value associated with the key as a slice of int16 integers.
-func (c *Context) GetInt16Slice(key string) (i16s []int16) {
-	return getTyped[[]int16](c, key)
-}
-
-// GetInt32Slice returns the value associated with the key as a slice of int32 integers.
-func (c *Context) GetInt32Slice(key string) (i32s []int32) {
-	return getTyped[[]int32](c, key)
-}
-
-// GetInt64Slice returns the value associated with the key as a slice of int64 integers.
-func (c *Context) GetInt64Slice(key string) (i64s []int64) {
-	return getTyped[[]int64](c, key)
-}
-
-// GetUintSlice returns the value associated with the key as a slice of unsigned integers.
-func (c *Context) GetUintSlice(key string) (uis []uint) {
-	return getTyped[[]uint](c, key)
-}
-
-// GetUint8Slice returns the value associated with the key as a slice of uint8 integers.
-func (c *Context) GetUint8Slice(key string) (ui8s []uint8) {
-	return getTyped[[]uint8](c, key)
-}
-
-// GetUint16Slice returns the value associated with the key as a slice of uint16 integers.
-func (c *Context) GetUint16Slice(key string) (ui16s []uint16) {
-	return getTyped[[]uint16](c, key)
-}
-
-// GetUint32Slice returns the value associated with the key as a slice of uint32 integers.
-func (c *Context) GetUint32Slice(key string) (ui32s []uint32) {
-	return getTyped[[]uint32](c, key)
-}
-
-// GetUint64Slice returns the value associated with the key as a slice of uint64 integers.
-func (c *Context) GetUint64Slice(key string) (ui64s []uint64) {
-	return getTyped[[]uint64](c, key)
-}
-
-// GetFloat32Slice returns the value associated with the key as a slice of float32 numbers.
-func (c *Context) GetFloat32Slice(key string) (f32s []float32) {
-	return getTyped[[]float32](c, key)
-}
-
-// GetFloat64Slice returns the value associated with the key as a slice of float64 numbers.
-func (c *Context) GetFloat64Slice(key string) (f64s []float64) {
-	return getTyped[[]float64](c, key)
+	if val, ok := c.Get(key); ok && val != nil {
+		d, _ = val.(time.Duration)
+	}
+	return
 }

 // GetStringSlice returns the value associated with the key as a slice of strings.
 func (c *Context) GetStringSlice(key string) (ss []string) {
-	return getTyped[[]string](c, key)
+	if val, ok := c.Get(key); ok && val != nil {
+		ss, _ = val.([]string)
+	}
+	return
 }

 // GetStringMap returns the value associated with the key as a map of interfaces.
 func (c *Context) GetStringMap(key string) (sm map[string]any) {
-	return getTyped[map[string]any](c, key)
+	if val, ok := c.Get(key); ok && val != nil {
+		sm, _ = val.(map[string]any)
+	}
+	return
 }

 // GetStringMapString returns the value associated with the key as a map of strings.
 func (c *Context) GetStringMapString(key string) (sms map[string]string) {
-	return getTyped[map[string]string](c, key)
+	if val, ok := c.Get(key); ok && val != nil {
+		sms, _ = val.(map[string]string)
+	}
+	return
 }

 // GetStringMapStringSlice returns the value associated with the key as a map to a slice of strings.
 func (c *Context) GetStringMapStringSlice(key string) (smss map[string][]string) {
-	return getTyped[map[string][]string](c, key)
+	if val, ok := c.Get(key); ok && val != nil {
+		smss, _ = val.(map[string][]string)
+	}
+	return
 }

 /************************************/
@ -464,13 +382,10 @@ func (c *Context) GetStringMapStringSlice(key string) (smss map[string][]string)

 // Param returns the value of the URL param.
 // It is a shortcut for c.Params.ByName(key)
-//
-//	router.GET("/user/:id", func(c *gin.Context) {
-//	    // a GET request to /user/john
-//	    id := c.Param("id") // id == "john"
-//	    // a GET request to /user/john/
-//	    id := c.Param("id") // id == "/john/"
-//	})
+//     router.GET("/user/:id", func(c *gin.Context) {
+//         // a GET request to /user/john
+//         id := c.Param("id") // id == "john"
+//     })
 func (c *Context) Param(key string) string {
 	return c.Params.ByName(key)
 }
@ -487,12 +402,11 @@ func (c *Context) AddParam(key, value string) {
 // Query returns the keyed url query value if it exists,
 // otherwise it returns an empty string `("")`.
 // It is shortcut for `c.Request.URL.Query().Get(key)`
-//
-//	    GET /path?id=1234&name=Manu&value=
-//		   c.Query("id") == "1234"
-//		   c.Query("name") == "Manu"
-//		   c.Query("value") == ""
-//		   c.Query("wtf") == ""
+//     GET /path?id=1234&name=Manu&value=
+// 	   c.Query("id") == "1234"
+// 	   c.Query("name") == "Manu"
+// 	   c.Query("value") == ""
+// 	   c.Query("wtf") == ""
 func (c *Context) Query(key string) (value string) {
 	value, _ = c.GetQuery(key)
 	return
@ -501,11 +415,10 @@ func (c *Context) Query(key string) (value string) {
 // DefaultQuery returns the keyed url query value if it exists,
 // otherwise it returns the specified defaultValue string.
 // See: Query() and GetQuery() for further information.
-//
-//	GET /?name=Manu&lastname=
-//	c.DefaultQuery("name", "unknown") == "Manu"
-//	c.DefaultQuery("id", "none") == "none"
-//	c.DefaultQuery("lastname", "none") == ""
+//     GET /?name=Manu&lastname=
+//     c.DefaultQuery("name", "unknown") == "Manu"
+//     c.DefaultQuery("id", "none") == "none"
+//     c.DefaultQuery("lastname", "none") == ""
 func (c *Context) DefaultQuery(key, defaultValue string) string {
 	if value, ok := c.GetQuery(key); ok {
 		return value
@ -517,11 +430,10 @@ func (c *Context) DefaultQuery(key, defaultValue string) string {
 // if it exists `(value, true)` (even when the value is an empty string),
 // otherwise it returns `("", false)`.
 // It is shortcut for `c.Request.URL.Query().Get(key)`
-//
-//	GET /?name=Manu&lastname=
-//	("Manu", true) == c.GetQuery("name")
-//	("", false) == c.GetQuery("id")
-//	("", true) == c.GetQuery("lastname")
+//     GET /?name=Manu&lastname=
+//     ("Manu", true) == c.GetQuery("name")
+//     ("", false) == c.GetQuery("id")
+//     ("", true) == c.GetQuery("lastname")
 func (c *Context) GetQuery(key string) (string, bool) {
 	if values, ok := c.GetQueryArray(key); ok {
 		return values[0], ok
@ -538,7 +450,7 @@ func (c *Context) QueryArray(key string) (values []string) {

 func (c *Context) initQueryCache() {
 	if c.queryCache == nil {
-		if c.Request != nil && c.Request.URL != nil {
+		if c.Request != nil {
 			c.queryCache = c.Request.URL.Query()
 		} else {
 			c.queryCache = url.Values{}
@ -588,10 +500,9 @@ func (c *Context) DefaultPostForm(key, defaultValue string) string {
 // form or multipart form when it exists `(value, true)` (even when the value is an empty string),
 // otherwise it returns ("", false).
 // For example, during a PATCH request to update the user's email:
-//
-//	    email=mail@example.com  -->  ("mail@example.com", true) := GetPostForm("email") // set email to "mail@example.com"
-//		   email=                  -->  ("", true) := GetPostForm("email") // set email to ""
-//	                            -->  ("", false) := GetPostForm("email") // do nothing with email
+//     email=mail@example.com  -->  ("mail@example.com", true) := GetPostForm("email") // set email to "mail@example.com"
+// 	   email=                  -->  ("", true) := GetPostForm("email") // set email to ""
+//                             -->  ("", false) := GetPostForm("email") // do nothing with email
 func (c *Context) GetPostForm(key string) (string, bool) {
 	if values, ok := c.GetPostFormArray(key); ok {
 		return values[0], ok
@ -640,7 +551,7 @@ func (c *Context) GetPostFormMap(key string) (map[string]string, bool) {
 	return c.get(c.formCache, key)
 }

-// get is an internal method and returns a map which satisfies conditions.
+// get is an internal method and returns a map which satisfy conditions.
 func (c *Context) get(m map[string][]string, key string) (map[string]string, bool) {
 	dicts := make(map[string]string)
 	exist := false
@ -677,25 +588,13 @@ func (c *Context) MultipartForm() (*multipart.Form, error) {
 }

 // SaveUploadedFile uploads the form file to specific dst.
-func (c *Context) SaveUploadedFile(file *multipart.FileHeader, dst string, perm ...fs.FileMode) error {
+func (c *Context) SaveUploadedFile(file *multipart.FileHeader, dst string) error {
 	src, err := file.Open()
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	defer src.Close()

-	var mode os.FileMode = 0o750
-	if len(perm) > 0 {
-		mode = perm[0]
-	}
-	dir := filepath.Dir(dst)
-	if err = os.MkdirAll(dir, mode); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	if err = os.Chmod(dir, mode); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
 	out, err := os.Create(dst)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@ -708,10 +607,8 @@ func (c *Context) SaveUploadedFile(file *multipart.FileHeader, dst string, perm

 // Bind checks the Method and Content-Type to select a binding engine automatically,
 // Depending on the "Content-Type" header different bindings are used, for example:
-//
-//	"application/json" --> JSON binding
-//	"application/xml"  --> XML binding
-//
+//     "application/json" --> JSON binding
+//     "application/xml"  --> XML binding
 // It parses the request's body as JSON if Content-Type == "application/json" using JSON or XML as a JSON input.
 // It decodes the json payload into the struct specified as a pointer.
 // It writes a 400 error and sets Content-Type header "text/plain" in the response if input is not valid.
@ -741,15 +638,10 @@ func (c *Context) BindYAML(obj any) error {
 }

 // BindTOML is a shortcut for c.MustBindWith(obj, binding.TOML).
-func (c *Context) BindTOML(obj any) error {
+func (c *Context) BindTOML(obj interface{}) error {
 	return c.MustBindWith(obj, binding.TOML)
 }

-// BindPlain is a shortcut for c.MustBindWith(obj, binding.Plain).
-func (c *Context) BindPlain(obj any) error {
-	return c.MustBindWith(obj, binding.Plain)
-}
-
 // BindHeader is a shortcut for c.MustBindWith(obj, binding.Header).
 func (c *Context) BindHeader(obj any) error {
 	return c.MustBindWith(obj, binding.Header)
@ -759,7 +651,7 @@ func (c *Context) BindHeader(obj any) error {
 // It will abort the request with HTTP 400 if any error occurs.
 func (c *Context) BindUri(obj any) error {
 	if err := c.ShouldBindUri(obj); err != nil {
-		c.AbortWithError(http.StatusBadRequest, err).SetType(ErrorTypeBind) //nolint: errcheck
+		c.AbortWithError(http.StatusBadRequest, err).SetType(ErrorTypeBind) // nolint: errcheck
 		return err
 	}
 	return nil
@ -770,7 +662,7 @@ func (c *Context) BindUri(obj any) error {
 // See the binding package.
 func (c *Context) MustBindWith(obj any, b binding.Binding) error {
 	if err := c.ShouldBindWith(obj, b); err != nil {
-		c.AbortWithError(http.StatusBadRequest, err).SetType(ErrorTypeBind) //nolint: errcheck
+		c.AbortWithError(http.StatusBadRequest, err).SetType(ErrorTypeBind) // nolint: errcheck
 		return err
 	}
 	return nil
@ -778,10 +670,8 @@ func (c *Context) MustBindWith(obj any, b binding.Binding) error {

 // ShouldBind checks the Method and Content-Type to select a binding engine automatically,
 // Depending on the "Content-Type" header different bindings are used, for example:
-//
-//	"application/json" --> JSON binding
-//	"application/xml"  --> XML binding
-//
+//     "application/json" --> JSON binding
+//     "application/xml"  --> XML binding
 // It parses the request's body as JSON if Content-Type == "application/json" using JSON or XML as a JSON input.
 // It decodes the json payload into the struct specified as a pointer.
 // Like c.Bind() but this method does not set the response status code to 400 or abort if input is not valid.
@ -811,15 +701,10 @@ func (c *Context) ShouldBindYAML(obj any) error {
 }

 // ShouldBindTOML is a shortcut for c.ShouldBindWith(obj, binding.TOML).
-func (c *Context) ShouldBindTOML(obj any) error {
+func (c *Context) ShouldBindTOML(obj interface{}) error {
 	return c.ShouldBindWith(obj, binding.TOML)
 }

-// ShouldBindPlain is a shortcut for c.ShouldBindWith(obj, binding.Plain).
-func (c *Context) ShouldBindPlain(obj any) error {
-	return c.ShouldBindWith(obj, binding.Plain)
-}
-
 // ShouldBindHeader is a shortcut for c.ShouldBindWith(obj, binding.Header).
 func (c *Context) ShouldBindHeader(obj any) error {
 	return c.ShouldBindWith(obj, binding.Header)
@ -827,7 +712,7 @@ func (c *Context) ShouldBindHeader(obj any) error {

 // ShouldBindUri binds the passed struct pointer using the specified binding engine.
 func (c *Context) ShouldBindUri(obj any) error {
-	m := make(map[string][]string, len(c.Params))
+	m := make(map[string][]string)
 	for _, v := range c.Params {
 		m[v.Key] = []string{v.Value}
 	}
@ -853,7 +738,7 @@ func (c *Context) ShouldBindBodyWith(obj any, bb binding.BindingBody) (err error
 		}
 	}
 	if body == nil {
-		body, err = io.ReadAll(c.Request.Body)
+		body, err = ioutil.ReadAll(c.Request.Body)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@ -862,34 +747,9 @@ func (c *Context) ShouldBindBodyWith(obj any, bb binding.BindingBody) (err error
 	return bb.BindBody(body, obj)
 }

-// ShouldBindBodyWithJSON is a shortcut for c.ShouldBindBodyWith(obj, binding.JSON).
-func (c *Context) ShouldBindBodyWithJSON(obj any) error {
-	return c.ShouldBindBodyWith(obj, binding.JSON)
-}
-
-// ShouldBindBodyWithXML is a shortcut for c.ShouldBindBodyWith(obj, binding.XML).
-func (c *Context) ShouldBindBodyWithXML(obj any) error {
-	return c.ShouldBindBodyWith(obj, binding.XML)
-}
-
-// ShouldBindBodyWithYAML is a shortcut for c.ShouldBindBodyWith(obj, binding.YAML).
-func (c *Context) ShouldBindBodyWithYAML(obj any) error {
-	return c.ShouldBindBodyWith(obj, binding.YAML)
-}
-
-// ShouldBindBodyWithTOML is a shortcut for c.ShouldBindBodyWith(obj, binding.TOML).
-func (c *Context) ShouldBindBodyWithTOML(obj any) error {
-	return c.ShouldBindBodyWith(obj, binding.TOML)
-}
-
-// ShouldBindBodyWithPlain is a shortcut for c.ShouldBindBodyWith(obj, binding.Plain).
-func (c *Context) ShouldBindBodyWithPlain(obj any) error {
-	return c.ShouldBindBodyWith(obj, binding.Plain)
-}
-
 // ClientIP implements one best effort algorithm to return the real client IP.
-// It calls c.RemoteIP() under the hood, to check if the remote IP is a trusted proxy or not.
-// If it is it will then try to parse the headers defined in Engine.RemoteIPHeaders (defaulting to [X-Forwarded-For, X-Real-IP]).
+// It called c.RemoteIP() under the hood, to check if the remote IP is a trusted proxy or not.
+// If it is it will then try to parse the headers defined in Engine.RemoteIPHeaders (defaulting to [X-Forwarded-For, X-Real-Ip]).
 // If the headers are not syntactically valid OR the remote IP does not correspond to a trusted proxy,
 // the remote IP (coming from Request.RemoteAddr) is returned.
 func (c *Context) ClientIP() string {
@ -997,10 +857,7 @@ func (c *Context) GetHeader(key string) string {

 // GetRawData returns stream data.
 func (c *Context) GetRawData() ([]byte, error) {
-	if c.Request.Body == nil {
-		return nil, errors.New("cannot read nil body")
-	}
-	return io.ReadAll(c.Request.Body)
+	return ioutil.ReadAll(c.Request.Body)
 }

 // SetSameSite with cookie
@ -1051,9 +908,7 @@ func (c *Context) Render(code int, r render.Render) {
 	}

 	if err := r.Render(c.Writer); err != nil {
-		// Pushing error to c.Errors
-		_ = c.Error(err)
-		c.Abort()
+		panic(err)
 	}
 }

@ -1122,7 +977,7 @@ func (c *Context) YAML(code int, obj any) {
 }

 // TOML serializes the given struct as TOML into the response body.
-func (c *Context) TOML(code int, obj any) {
+func (c *Context) TOML(code int, obj interface{}) {
 	c.Render(code, render.TOML{Data: obj})
 }

@ -1179,17 +1034,11 @@ func (c *Context) FileFromFS(filepath string, fs http.FileSystem) {
 	http.FileServer(fs).ServeHTTP(c.Writer, c.Request)
 }

-var quoteEscaper = strings.NewReplacer("\\", "\\\\", `"`, "\\\"")
-
-func escapeQuotes(s string) string {
-	return quoteEscaper.Replace(s)
-}
-
 // FileAttachment writes the specified file into the body stream in an efficient way
 // On the client side, the file will typically be downloaded with the given filename
 func (c *Context) FileAttachment(filepath, filename string) {
 	if isASCII(filename) {
-		c.Writer.Header().Set("Content-Disposition", `attachment; filename="`+escapeQuotes(filename)+`"`)
+		c.Writer.Header().Set("Content-Disposition", `attachment; filename="`+filename+`"`)
 	} else {
 		c.Writer.Header().Set("Content-Disposition", `attachment; filename*=UTF-8''`+url.QueryEscape(filename))
 	}
@ -1254,7 +1103,7 @@ func (c *Context) Negotiate(code int, config Negotiate) {
 		data := chooseData(config.XMLData, config.Data)
 		c.XML(code, data)

-	case binding.MIMEYAML, binding.MIMEYAML2:
+	case binding.MIMEYAML:
 		data := chooseData(config.YAMLData, config.Data)
 		c.YAML(code, data)

@ -1263,7 +1112,7 @@ func (c *Context) Negotiate(code int, config Negotiate) {
 		c.TOML(code, data)

 	default:
-		c.AbortWithError(http.StatusNotAcceptable, errors.New("the accepted formats are not offered by the server")) //nolint: errcheck
+		c.AbortWithError(http.StatusNotAcceptable, errors.New("the accepted formats are not offered by the server")) // nolint: errcheck
 	}
 }

@ -1282,7 +1131,7 @@ func (c *Context) NegotiateFormat(offered ...string) string {
 			// According to RFC 2616 and RFC 2396, non-ASCII characters are not allowed in headers,
 			// therefore we can just iterate over the string without casting it into []rune
 			i := 0
-			for ; i < len(accepted) && i < len(offer); i++ {
+			for ; i < len(accepted); i++ {
 				if accepted[i] == '*' || offer[i] == '*' {
 					return offer
 				}
@ -1307,16 +1156,9 @@ func (c *Context) SetAccepted(formats ...string) {
 /***** GOLANG.ORG/X/NET/CONTEXT *****/
 /************************************/

-// hasRequestContext returns whether c.Request has Context and fallback.
-func (c *Context) hasRequestContext() bool {
-	hasFallback := c.engine != nil && c.engine.ContextWithFallback
-	hasRequestContext := c.Request != nil && c.Request.Context() != nil
-	return hasFallback && hasRequestContext
-}
-
 // Deadline returns that there is no deadline (ok==false) when c.Request has no Context.
 func (c *Context) Deadline() (deadline time.Time, ok bool) {
-	if !c.hasRequestContext() {
+	if !c.engine.ContextWithFallback || c.Request == nil || c.Request.Context() == nil {
 		return
 	}
 	return c.Request.Context().Deadline()
@ -1324,7 +1166,7 @@ func (c *Context) Deadline() (deadline time.Time, ok bool) {

 // Done returns nil (chan which will wait forever) when c.Request has no Context.
 func (c *Context) Done() <-chan struct{} {
-	if !c.hasRequestContext() {
+	if !c.engine.ContextWithFallback || c.Request == nil || c.Request.Context() == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
 	return c.Request.Context().Done()
@ -1332,7 +1174,7 @@ func (c *Context) Done() <-chan struct{} {

 // Err returns nil when c.Request has no Context.
 func (c *Context) Err() error {
-	if !c.hasRequestContext() {
+	if !c.engine.ContextWithFallback || c.Request == nil || c.Request.Context() == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
 	return c.Request.Context().Err()
@ -1342,7 +1184,7 @@ func (c *Context) Err() error {
 // if no value is associated with key. Successive calls to Value with
 // the same key returns the same result.
 func (c *Context) Value(key any) any {
-	if key == ContextRequestKey {
+	if key == 0 {
 		return c.Request
 	}
 	if key == ContextKey {
@ -1353,7 +1195,7 @@ func (c *Context) Value(key any) any {
 			return val
 		}
 	}
-	if !c.hasRequestContext() {
+	if !c.engine.ContextWithFallback || c.Request == nil || c.Request.Context() == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
 	return c.Request.Context().Value(key)
--- a/context_1.16_test.go
+++ b/context_1.16_test.go
@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+// Copyright 2021 Gin Core Team. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a MIT style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+//go:build !go1.17
+// +build !go1.17
+
+package gin
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"mime/multipart"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestContextFormFileFailed16(t *testing.T) {
+	buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
+	mw := multipart.NewWriter(buf)
+	mw.Close()
+	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
+	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest("POST", "/", nil)
+	c.Request.Header.Set("Content-Type", mw.FormDataContentType())
+	c.engine.MaxMultipartMemory = 8 << 20
+	f, err := c.FormFile("file")
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Nil(t, f)
+}
--- a/context_1.17_test.go
+++ b/context_1.17_test.go
@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+// Copyright 2021 Gin Core Team. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a MIT style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+//go:build go1.17
+// +build go1.17
+
+package gin
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"mime/multipart"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+type interceptedWriter struct {
+	ResponseWriter
+	b *bytes.Buffer
+}
+
+func (i interceptedWriter) WriteHeader(code int) {
+	i.Header().Del("X-Test")
+	i.ResponseWriter.WriteHeader(code)
+}
+
+func TestContextFormFileFailed17(t *testing.T) {
+	buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
+	mw := multipart.NewWriter(buf)
+	mw.Close()
+	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
+	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest("POST", "/", nil)
+	c.Request.Header.Set("Content-Type", mw.FormDataContentType())
+	c.engine.MaxMultipartMemory = 8 << 20
+	assert.Panics(t, func() {
+		f, err := c.FormFile("file")
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Nil(t, f)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestInterceptedHeader(t *testing.T) {
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	c, r := CreateTestContext(w)
+
+	r.Use(func(c *Context) {
+		i := interceptedWriter{
+			ResponseWriter: c.Writer,
+			b:              bytes.NewBuffer(nil),
+		}
+		c.Writer = i
+		c.Next()
+		c.Header("X-Test", "overridden")
+		c.Writer = i.ResponseWriter
+	})
+	r.GET("/", func(c *Context) {
+		c.Header("X-Test", "original")
+		c.Header("X-Test-2", "present")
+		c.String(http.StatusOK, "hello world")
+	})
+	c.Request = httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/", nil)
+	r.HandleContext(c)
+	// Result() has headers frozen when WriteHeaderNow() has been called
+	// Compared to this time, this is when the response headers will be flushed
+	// As response is flushed on c.String, the Header cannot be set by the first
+	// middleware. Assert this
+	assert.Equal(t, "", w.Result().Header.Get("X-Test"))
+	assert.Equal(t, "present", w.Result().Header.Get("X-Test-2"))
+}
--- a/context_appengine.go
+++ b/context_appengine.go
@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

 //go:build appengine
+// +build appengine

 package gin

--- a/context_test.go
+++ b/context_test.go
--- a/debug.go
+++ b/debug.go
@ -10,23 +10,19 @@ import (
 	"runtime"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
-	"sync/atomic"
 )

-const ginSupportMinGoVer = 21
+const ginSupportMinGoVer = 14

 // IsDebugging returns true if the framework is running in debug mode.
 // Use SetMode(gin.ReleaseMode) to disable debug mode.
 func IsDebugging() bool {
-	return atomic.LoadInt32(&ginMode) == debugCode
+	return ginMode == debugCode
 }

 // DebugPrintRouteFunc indicates debug log output format.
 var DebugPrintRouteFunc func(httpMethod, absolutePath, handlerName string, nuHandlers int)

-// DebugPrintFunc indicates debug log output format.
-var DebugPrintFunc func(format string, values ...interface{})
-
 func debugPrintRoute(httpMethod, absolutePath string, handlers HandlersChain) {
 	if IsDebugging() {
 		nuHandlers := len(handlers)
@ -52,19 +48,12 @@ func debugPrintLoadTemplate(tmpl *template.Template) {
 }

 func debugPrint(format string, values ...any) {
-	if !IsDebugging() {
-		return
+	if IsDebugging() {
+		if !strings.HasSuffix(format, "\n") {
+			format += "\n"
+		}
+		fmt.Fprintf(DefaultWriter, "[GIN-debug] "+format, values...)
 	}
-
-	if DebugPrintFunc != nil {
-		DebugPrintFunc(format, values...)
-		return
-	}
-
-	if !strings.HasSuffix(format, "\n") {
-		format += "\n"
-	}
-	fmt.Fprintf(DefaultWriter, "[GIN-debug] "+format, values...)
 }

 func getMinVer(v string) (uint64, error) {
@ -77,8 +66,8 @@ func getMinVer(v string) (uint64, error) {
 }

 func debugPrintWARNINGDefault() {
-	if v, e := getMinVer(runtime.Version()); e == nil && v < ginSupportMinGoVer {
-		debugPrint(`[WARNING] Now Gin requires Go 1.23+.
+	if v, e := getMinVer(runtime.Version()); e == nil && v <= ginSupportMinGoVer {
+		debugPrint(`[WARNING] Now Gin requires Go 1.14+.

 `)
 	}
--- a/debug_test.go
+++ b/debug_test.go
@ -5,25 +5,23 @@
 package gin

 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"html/template"
 	"io"
 	"log"
-	"net/http"
 	"os"
 	"runtime"
-	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )

 // TODO
 // func debugRoute(httpMethod, absolutePath string, handlers HandlersChain) {
-// func debugPrint(format string, values ...any) {
+// func debugPrint(format string, values ...interface{}) {

 func TestIsDebugging(t *testing.T) {
 	SetMode(DebugMode)
@ -61,7 +59,7 @@ func TestDebugPrintError(t *testing.T) {
 func TestDebugPrintRoutes(t *testing.T) {
 	re := captureOutput(t, func() {
 		SetMode(DebugMode)
-		debugPrintRoute(http.MethodGet, "/path/to/route/:param", HandlersChain{func(c *Context) {}, handlerNameTest})
+		debugPrintRoute("GET", "/path/to/route/:param", HandlersChain{func(c *Context) {}, handlerNameTest})
 		SetMode(TestMode)
 	})
 	assert.Regexp(t, `^\[GIN-debug\] GET    /path/to/route/:param     --> (.*/vendor/)?github.com/gin-gonic/gin.handlerNameTest \(2 handlers\)\n$`, re)
@ -73,7 +71,7 @@ func TestDebugPrintRouteFunc(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	re := captureOutput(t, func() {
 		SetMode(DebugMode)
-		debugPrintRoute(http.MethodGet, "/path/to/route/:param1/:param2", HandlersChain{func(c *Context) {}, handlerNameTest})
+		debugPrintRoute("GET", "/path/to/route/:param1/:param2", HandlersChain{func(c *Context) {}, handlerNameTest})
 		SetMode(TestMode)
 	})
 	assert.Regexp(t, `^\[GIN-debug\] GET    /path/to/route/:param1/:param2           --> (.*/vendor/)?github.com/gin-gonic/gin.handlerNameTest \(2 handlers\)\n$`, re)
@ -105,8 +103,8 @@ func TestDebugPrintWARNINGDefault(t *testing.T) {
 		SetMode(TestMode)
 	})
 	m, e := getMinVer(runtime.Version())
-	if e == nil && m < ginSupportMinGoVer {
-		assert.Equal(t, "[GIN-debug] [WARNING] Now Gin requires Go 1.23+.\n\n[GIN-debug] [WARNING] Creating an Engine instance with the Logger and Recovery middleware already attached.\n\n", re)
+	if e == nil && m <= ginSupportMinGoVer {
+		assert.Equal(t, "[GIN-debug] [WARNING] Now Gin requires Go 1.14+.\n\n[GIN-debug] [WARNING] Creating an Engine instance with the Logger and Recovery middleware already attached.\n\n", re)
 	} else {
 		assert.Equal(t, "[GIN-debug] [WARNING] Creating an Engine instance with the Logger and Recovery middleware already attached.\n\n", re)
 	}
@ -140,7 +138,7 @@ func captureOutput(t *testing.T, f func()) string {
 	wg := new(sync.WaitGroup)
 	wg.Add(1)
 	go func() {
-		var buf strings.Builder
+		var buf bytes.Buffer
 		wg.Done()
 		_, err := io.Copy(&buf, reader)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
@ -156,13 +154,13 @@ func TestGetMinVer(t *testing.T) {
 	var m uint64
 	var e error
 	_, e = getMinVer("go1")
-	require.Error(t, e)
+	assert.NotNil(t, e)
 	m, e = getMinVer("go1.1")
 	assert.Equal(t, uint64(1), m)
-	require.NoError(t, e)
+	assert.Nil(t, e)
 	m, e = getMinVer("go1.1.1")
-	require.NoError(t, e)
+	assert.Nil(t, e)
 	assert.Equal(t, uint64(1), m)
 	_, e = getMinVer("go1.1.1.1")
-	require.Error(t, e)
+	assert.NotNil(t, e)
 }
--- a/deprecated.go
+++ b/deprecated.go
@ -12,10 +12,8 @@ import (

 // BindWith binds the passed struct pointer using the specified binding engine.
 // See the binding package.
-//
-// Deprecated: Use MustBindWith or ShouldBindWith.
 func (c *Context) BindWith(obj any, b binding.Binding) error {
-	log.Println(`BindWith(\"any, binding.Binding\") error is going to
+	log.Println(`BindWith(\"interface{}, binding.Binding\") error is going to
 	be deprecated, please check issue #662 and either use MustBindWith() if you
 	want HTTP 400 to be automatically returned if any error occur, or use
 	ShouldBindWith() if you need to manage the error.`)
--- a/deprecated_test.go
+++ b/deprecated_test.go
@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ func TestBindWith(t *testing.T) {
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	c, _ := CreateTestContext(w)

-	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/?foo=bar&bar=foo", bytes.NewBufferString("foo=unused"))
+	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest("POST", "/?foo=bar&bar=foo", bytes.NewBufferString("foo=unused"))

 	var obj struct {
 		Foo string `form:"foo"`
--- a/docs/doc.md
+++ b/docs/doc.md
--- a/errors.go
+++ b/errors.go
@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ type Error struct {

 type errorMsgs []*Error

-var _ error = (*Error)(nil)
+var _ error = &Error{}

 // SetType sets the error's type.
 func (msg *Error) SetType(flags ErrorType) *Error {
@ -124,11 +124,10 @@ func (a errorMsgs) Last() *Error {

 // Errors returns an array with all the error messages.
 // Example:
-//
-//	c.Error(errors.New("first"))
-//	c.Error(errors.New("second"))
-//	c.Error(errors.New("third"))
-//	c.Errors.Errors() // == []string{"first", "second", "third"}
+// 		c.Error(errors.New("first"))
+// 		c.Error(errors.New("second"))
+// 		c.Error(errors.New("third"))
+// 		c.Errors.Errors() // == []string{"first", "second", "third"}
 func (a errorMsgs) Errors() []string {
 	if len(a) == 0 {
 		return nil
--- a/errors_test.go
+++ b/errors_test.go
@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ import (

 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin/internal/json"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )

 func TestError(t *testing.T) {
@ -36,7 +35,7 @@ func TestError(t *testing.T) {
 	jsonBytes, _ := json.Marshal(err)
 	assert.Equal(t, "{\"error\":\"test error\",\"meta\":\"some data\"}", string(jsonBytes))

-	err.SetMeta(H{ //nolint: errcheck
+	err.SetMeta(H{ // nolint: errcheck
 		"status": "200",
 		"data":   "some data",
 	})
@ -46,7 +45,7 @@ func TestError(t *testing.T) {
 		"data":   "some data",
 	}, err.JSON())

-	err.SetMeta(H{ //nolint: errcheck
+	err.SetMeta(H{ // nolint: errcheck
 		"error":  "custom error",
 		"status": "200",
 		"data":   "some data",
@ -61,7 +60,7 @@ func TestError(t *testing.T) {
 		status string
 		data   string
 	}
-	err.SetMeta(customError{status: "200", data: "other data"}) //nolint: errcheck
+	err.SetMeta(customError{status: "200", data: "other data"}) // nolint: errcheck
 	assert.Equal(t, customError{status: "200", data: "other data"}, err.JSON())
 }

@ -123,7 +122,7 @@ func TestErrorUnwrap(t *testing.T) {
 	})

 	// check that 'errors.Is()' and 'errors.As()' behave as expected :
-	require.ErrorIs(t, err, innerErr)
+	assert.True(t, errors.Is(err, innerErr))
 	var testErr TestErr
-	require.ErrorAs(t, err, &testErr)
+	assert.True(t, errors.As(err, &testErr))
 }
--- a/fs.go
+++ b/fs.go
@ -9,43 +9,37 @@ import (
 	"os"
 )

-// OnlyFilesFS implements an http.FileSystem without `Readdir` functionality.
-type OnlyFilesFS struct {
-	FileSystem http.FileSystem
+type onlyFilesFS struct {
+	fs http.FileSystem
 }

-// Open passes `Open` to the upstream implementation without `Readdir` functionality.
-func (o OnlyFilesFS) Open(name string) (http.File, error) {
-	f, err := o.FileSystem.Open(name)
-
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	return neutralizedReaddirFile{f}, nil
-}
-
-// neutralizedReaddirFile wraps http.File with a specific implementation of `Readdir`.
-type neutralizedReaddirFile struct {
+type neuteredReaddirFile struct {
 	http.File
 }

-// Readdir overrides the http.File default implementation and always returns nil.
-func (n neutralizedReaddirFile) Readdir(_ int) ([]os.FileInfo, error) {
-	// this disables directory listing
-	return nil, nil
-}
-
-// Dir returns an http.FileSystem that can be used by http.FileServer().
-// It is used internally in router.Static().
-// if listDirectory == true, then it works the same as http.Dir(),
-// otherwise it returns a filesystem that prevents http.FileServer() to list the directory files.
+// Dir returns a http.FileSystem that can be used by http.FileServer(). It is used internally
+// in router.Static().
+// if listDirectory == true, then it works the same as http.Dir() otherwise it returns
+// a filesystem that prevents http.FileServer() to list the directory files.
 func Dir(root string, listDirectory bool) http.FileSystem {
 	fs := http.Dir(root)
-
 	if listDirectory {
 		return fs
 	}
-
-	return &OnlyFilesFS{FileSystem: fs}
+	return &onlyFilesFS{fs}
+}
+
+// Open conforms to http.Filesystem.
+func (fs onlyFilesFS) Open(name string) (http.File, error) {
+	f, err := fs.fs.Open(name)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return neuteredReaddirFile{f}, nil
+}
+
+// Readdir overrides the http.File default implementation.
+func (f neuteredReaddirFile) Readdir(count int) ([]os.FileInfo, error) {
+	// this disables directory listing
+	return nil, nil
 }
--- a/fs_test.go
+++ b/fs_test.go
@ -1,72 +0,0 @@
-package gin
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"net/http"
-	"os"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-)
-
-type mockFileSystem struct {
-	open func(name string) (http.File, error)
-}
-
-func (m *mockFileSystem) Open(name string) (http.File, error) {
-	return m.open(name)
-}
-
-func TestOnlyFilesFS_Open(t *testing.T) {
-	var testFile *os.File
-	mockFS := &mockFileSystem{
-		open: func(name string) (http.File, error) {
-			return testFile, nil
-		},
-	}
-	fs := &OnlyFilesFS{FileSystem: mockFS}
-
-	file, err := fs.Open("foo")
-
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, testFile, file.(neutralizedReaddirFile).File)
-}
-
-func TestOnlyFilesFS_Open_err(t *testing.T) {
-	testError := errors.New("mock")
-	mockFS := &mockFileSystem{
-		open: func(_ string) (http.File, error) {
-			return nil, testError
-		},
-	}
-	fs := &OnlyFilesFS{FileSystem: mockFS}
-
-	file, err := fs.Open("foo")
-
-	require.ErrorIs(t, err, testError)
-	assert.Nil(t, file)
-}
-
-func Test_neuteredReaddirFile_Readdir(t *testing.T) {
-	n := neutralizedReaddirFile{}
-
-	res, err := n.Readdir(0)
-
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Nil(t, res)
-}
-
-func TestDir_listDirectory(t *testing.T) {
-	testRoot := "foo"
-	fs := Dir(testRoot, true)
-
-	assert.Equal(t, http.Dir(testRoot), fs)
-}
-
-func TestDir(t *testing.T) {
-	testRoot := "foo"
-	fs := Dir(testRoot, false)
-
-	assert.Equal(t, &OnlyFilesFS{FileSystem: http.Dir(testRoot)}, fs)
-}
--- a/gin.go
+++ b/gin.go
@ -11,22 +11,16 @@ import (
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
 	"path"
-	"regexp"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"

 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin/internal/bytesconv"
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin/render"
-
-	"github.com/quic-go/quic-go/http3"
 	"golang.org/x/net/http2"
 	"golang.org/x/net/http2/h2c"
 )

 const defaultMultipartMemory = 32 << 20 // 32 MB
-const escapedColon = "\\:"
-const colon = ":"
-const backslash = "\\"

 var (
 	default404Body = []byte("404 page not found")
@ -46,15 +40,9 @@ var defaultTrustedCIDRs = []*net.IPNet{
 	},
 }

-var regSafePrefix = regexp.MustCompile("[^a-zA-Z0-9/-]+")
-var regRemoveRepeatedChar = regexp.MustCompile("/{2,}")
-
 // HandlerFunc defines the handler used by gin middleware as return value.
 type HandlerFunc func(*Context)

-// OptionFunc defines the function to change the default configuration
-type OptionFunc func(*Engine)
-
 // HandlersChain defines a HandlerFunc slice.
 type HandlersChain []HandlerFunc

@ -85,8 +73,6 @@ const (
 	// PlatformCloudflare when using Cloudflare's CDN. Trust CF-Connecting-IP for determining
 	// the client's IP
 	PlatformCloudflare = "CF-Connecting-IP"
-	// PlatformFlyIO when running on Fly.io. Trust Fly-Client-IP for determining the client's IP
-	PlatformFlyIO = "Fly-Client-IP"
 )

 // Engine is the framework's instance, it contains the muxer, middleware and configuration settings.
@ -180,7 +166,7 @@ type Engine struct {
 	trustedCIDRs     []*net.IPNet
 }

-var _ IRouter = (*Engine)(nil)
+var _ IRouter = &Engine{}

 // New returns a new blank Engine instance without any middleware attached.
 // By default, the configuration is:
@ -190,7 +176,7 @@ var _ IRouter = (*Engine)(nil)
 // - ForwardedByClientIP:    true
 // - UseRawPath:             false
 // - UnescapePathValues:     true
-func New(opts ...OptionFunc) *Engine {
+func New() *Engine {
 	debugPrintWARNINGNew()
 	engine := &Engine{
 		RouterGroup: RouterGroup{
@ -217,17 +203,17 @@ func New(opts ...OptionFunc) *Engine {
 	}
 	engine.RouterGroup.engine = engine
 	engine.pool.New = func() any {
-		return engine.allocateContext(engine.maxParams)
+		return engine.allocateContext()
 	}
-	return engine.With(opts...)
+	return engine
 }

 // Default returns an Engine instance with the Logger and Recovery middleware already attached.
-func Default(opts ...OptionFunc) *Engine {
+func Default() *Engine {
 	debugPrintWARNINGDefault()
 	engine := New()
 	engine.Use(Logger(), Recovery())
-	return engine.With(opts...)
+	return engine
 }

 func (engine *Engine) Handler() http.Handler {
@ -239,8 +225,8 @@ func (engine *Engine) Handler() http.Handler {
 	return h2c.NewHandler(engine, h2s)
 }

-func (engine *Engine) allocateContext(maxParams uint16) *Context {
-	v := make(Params, 0, maxParams)
+func (engine *Engine) allocateContext() *Context {
+	v := make(Params, 0, engine.maxParams)
 	skippedNodes := make([]skippedNode, 0, engine.maxSections)
 	return &Context{engine: engine, params: &v, skippedNodes: &skippedNodes}
 }
@ -321,15 +307,6 @@ func (engine *Engine) Use(middleware ...HandlerFunc) IRoutes {
 	return engine
 }

-// With returns a Engine with the configuration set in the OptionFunc.
-func (engine *Engine) With(opts ...OptionFunc) *Engine {
-	for _, opt := range opts {
-		opt(engine)
-	}
-
-	return engine
-}
-
 func (engine *Engine) rebuild404Handlers() {
 	engine.allNoRoute = engine.combineHandlers(engine.noRoute)
 }
@ -353,6 +330,7 @@ func (engine *Engine) addRoute(method, path string, handlers HandlersChain) {
 	}
 	root.addRoute(path, handlers)

+	// Update maxParams
 	if paramsCount := countParams(path); paramsCount > engine.maxParams {
 		engine.maxParams = paramsCount
 	}
@ -388,6 +366,23 @@ func iterate(path, method string, routes RoutesInfo, root *node) RoutesInfo {
 	return routes
 }

+// Run attaches the router to a http.Server and starts listening and serving HTTP requests.
+// It is a shortcut for http.ListenAndServe(addr, router)
+// Note: this method will block the calling goroutine indefinitely unless an error happens.
+func (engine *Engine) Run(addr ...string) (err error) {
+	defer func() { debugPrintError(err) }()
+
+	if engine.isUnsafeTrustedProxies() {
+		debugPrint("[WARNING] You trusted all proxies, this is NOT safe. We recommend you to set a value.\n" +
+			"Please check https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/gin-gonic/gin#readme-don-t-trust-all-proxies for details.")
+	}
+
+	address := resolveAddress(addr)
+	debugPrint("Listening and serving HTTP on %s\n", address)
+	err = http.ListenAndServe(address, engine.Handler())
+	return
+}
+
 func (engine *Engine) prepareTrustedCIDRs() ([]*net.IPNet, error) {
 	if engine.trustedProxies == nil {
 		return nil, nil
@ -477,26 +472,6 @@ func (engine *Engine) validateHeader(header string) (clientIP string, valid bool
 	return "", false
 }

-// updateRouteTree do update to the route tree recursively
-func updateRouteTree(n *node) {
-	n.path = strings.ReplaceAll(n.path, escapedColon, colon)
-	n.fullPath = strings.ReplaceAll(n.fullPath, escapedColon, colon)
-	n.indices = strings.ReplaceAll(n.indices, backslash, colon)
-	if n.children == nil {
-		return
-	}
-	for _, child := range n.children {
-		updateRouteTree(child)
-	}
-}
-
-// updateRouteTrees do update to the route trees
-func (engine *Engine) updateRouteTrees() {
-	for _, tree := range engine.trees {
-		updateRouteTree(tree.root)
-	}
-}
-
 // parseIP parse a string representation of an IP and returns a net.IP with the
 // minimum byte representation or nil if input is invalid.
 func parseIP(ip string) net.IP {
@ -511,23 +486,6 @@ func parseIP(ip string) net.IP {
 	return parsedIP
 }

-// Run attaches the router to a http.Server and starts listening and serving HTTP requests.
-// It is a shortcut for http.ListenAndServe(addr, router)
-// Note: this method will block the calling goroutine indefinitely unless an error happens.
-func (engine *Engine) Run(addr ...string) (err error) {
-	defer func() { debugPrintError(err) }()
-
-	if engine.isUnsafeTrustedProxies() {
-		debugPrint("[WARNING] You trusted all proxies, this is NOT safe. We recommend you to set a value.\n" +
-			"Please check https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/blob/master/docs/doc.md#dont-trust-all-proxies for details.")
-	}
-	engine.updateRouteTrees()
-	address := resolveAddress(addr)
-	debugPrint("Listening and serving HTTP on %s\n", address)
-	err = http.ListenAndServe(address, engine.Handler())
-	return
-}
-
 // RunTLS attaches the router to a http.Server and starts listening and serving HTTPS (secure) requests.
 // It is a shortcut for http.ListenAndServeTLS(addr, certFile, keyFile, router)
 // Note: this method will block the calling goroutine indefinitely unless an error happens.
@ -537,7 +495,7 @@ func (engine *Engine) RunTLS(addr, certFile, keyFile string) (err error) {

 	if engine.isUnsafeTrustedProxies() {
 		debugPrint("[WARNING] You trusted all proxies, this is NOT safe. We recommend you to set a value.\n" +
-			"Please check https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/blob/master/docs/doc.md#dont-trust-all-proxies for details.")
+			"Please check https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/gin-gonic/gin#readme-don-t-trust-all-proxies for details.")
 	}

 	err = http.ListenAndServeTLS(addr, certFile, keyFile, engine.Handler())
@ -553,7 +511,7 @@ func (engine *Engine) RunUnix(file string) (err error) {

 	if engine.isUnsafeTrustedProxies() {
 		debugPrint("[WARNING] You trusted all proxies, this is NOT safe. We recommend you to set a value.\n" +
-			"Please check https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/blob/master/docs/doc.md#dont-trust-all-proxies for details.")
+			"Please check https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/gin-gonic/gin#readme-don-t-trust-all-proxies for details.")
 	}

 	listener, err := net.Listen("unix", file)
@ -576,7 +534,7 @@ func (engine *Engine) RunFd(fd int) (err error) {

 	if engine.isUnsafeTrustedProxies() {
 		debugPrint("[WARNING] You trusted all proxies, this is NOT safe. We recommend you to set a value.\n" +
-			"Please check https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/blob/master/docs/doc.md#dont-trust-all-proxies for details.")
+			"Please check https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/gin-gonic/gin#readme-don-t-trust-all-proxies for details.")
 	}

 	f := os.NewFile(uintptr(fd), fmt.Sprintf("fd@%d", fd))
@ -589,22 +547,6 @@ func (engine *Engine) RunFd(fd int) (err error) {
 	return
 }

-// RunQUIC attaches the router to a http.Server and starts listening and serving QUIC requests.
-// It is a shortcut for http3.ListenAndServeQUIC(addr, certFile, keyFile, router)
-// Note: this method will block the calling goroutine indefinitely unless an error happens.
-func (engine *Engine) RunQUIC(addr, certFile, keyFile string) (err error) {
-	debugPrint("Listening and serving QUIC on %s\n", addr)
-	defer func() { debugPrintError(err) }()
-
-	if engine.isUnsafeTrustedProxies() {
-		debugPrint("[WARNING] You trusted all proxies, this is NOT safe. We recommend you to set a value.\n" +
-			"Please check https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/blob/master/docs/doc.md#dont-trust-all-proxies for details.")
-	}
-
-	err = http3.ListenAndServeQUIC(addr, certFile, keyFile, engine.Handler())
-	return
-}
-
 // RunListener attaches the router to a http.Server and starts listening and serving HTTP requests
 // through the specified net.Listener
 func (engine *Engine) RunListener(listener net.Listener) (err error) {
@ -613,7 +555,7 @@ func (engine *Engine) RunListener(listener net.Listener) (err error) {

 	if engine.isUnsafeTrustedProxies() {
 		debugPrint("[WARNING] You trusted all proxies, this is NOT safe. We recommend you to set a value.\n" +
-			"Please check https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/blob/master/docs/doc.md#dont-trust-all-proxies for details.")
+			"Please check https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/gin-gonic/gin#readme-don-t-trust-all-proxies for details.")
 	}

 	err = http.Serve(listener, engine.Handler())
@ -637,12 +579,10 @@ func (engine *Engine) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
 // Disclaimer: You can loop yourself to deal with this, use wisely.
 func (engine *Engine) HandleContext(c *Context) {
 	oldIndexValue := c.index
-	oldHandlers := c.handlers
 	c.reset()
 	engine.handleHTTPRequest(c)

 	c.index = oldIndexValue
-	c.handlers = oldHandlers
 }

 func (engine *Engine) handleHTTPRequest(c *Context) {
@ -689,26 +629,18 @@ func (engine *Engine) handleHTTPRequest(c *Context) {
 		break
 	}

-	if engine.HandleMethodNotAllowed && len(t) > 0 {
-		// According to RFC 7231 section 6.5.5, MUST generate an Allow header field in response
-		// containing a list of the target resource's currently supported methods.
-		allowed := make([]string, 0, len(t)-1)
+	if engine.HandleMethodNotAllowed {
 		for _, tree := range engine.trees {
 			if tree.method == httpMethod {
 				continue
 			}
 			if value := tree.root.getValue(rPath, nil, c.skippedNodes, unescape); value.handlers != nil {
-				allowed = append(allowed, tree.method)
+				c.handlers = engine.allNoMethod
+				serveError(c, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, default405Body)
+				return
 			}
 		}
-		if len(allowed) > 0 {
-			c.handlers = engine.allNoMethod
-			c.writermem.Header().Set("Allow", strings.Join(allowed, ", "))
-			serveError(c, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, default405Body)
-			return
-		}
 	}
-
 	c.handlers = engine.allNoRoute
 	serveError(c, http.StatusNotFound, default404Body)
 }
@ -736,9 +668,6 @@ func redirectTrailingSlash(c *Context) {
 	req := c.Request
 	p := req.URL.Path
 	if prefix := path.Clean(c.Request.Header.Get("X-Forwarded-Prefix")); prefix != "." {
-		prefix = regSafePrefix.ReplaceAllString(prefix, "")
-		prefix = regRemoveRepeatedChar.ReplaceAllString(prefix, "/")
-
 		p = prefix + "/" + req.URL.Path
 	}
 	req.URL.Path = p + "/"
--- a/ginS/gins.go
+++ b/ginS/gins.go
@ -108,8 +108,7 @@ func StaticFile(relativePath, filepath string) gin.IRoutes {
 // of the Router's NotFound handler.
 // To use the operating system's file system implementation,
 // use :
-//
-//	router.Static("/static", "/var/www")
+//     router.Static("/static", "/var/www")
 func Static(relativePath, root string) gin.IRoutes {
 	return engine().Static(relativePath, root)
 }
--- a/gin_integration_test.go
+++ b/gin_integration_test.go
@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"crypto/tls"
 	"fmt"
 	"html/template"
-	"io"
+	"io/ioutil"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ import (
 	"time"

 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )

 // params[0]=url example:http://127.0.0.1:8080/index (cannot be empty)
@ -41,11 +40,11 @@ func testRequest(t *testing.T, params ...string) {
 	client := &http.Client{Transport: tr}

 	resp, err := client.Get(params[0])
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	defer resp.Body.Close()

-	body, ioerr := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
-	require.NoError(t, ioerr)
+	body, ioerr := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	assert.NoError(t, ioerr)

 	var responseStatus = "200 OK"
 	if len(params) > 1 && params[1] != "" {
@ -74,13 +73,13 @@ func TestRunEmpty(t *testing.T) {
 	// otherwise the main thread will complete
 	time.Sleep(5 * time.Millisecond)

-	require.Error(t, router.Run(":8080"))
+	assert.Error(t, router.Run(":8080"))
 	testRequest(t, "http://localhost:8080/example")
 }

 func TestBadTrustedCIDRs(t *testing.T) {
 	router := New()
-	require.Error(t, router.SetTrustedProxies([]string{"hello/world"}))
+	assert.Error(t, router.SetTrustedProxies([]string{"hello/world"}))
 }

 /* legacy tests
@ -88,7 +87,7 @@ func TestBadTrustedCIDRsForRun(t *testing.T) {
 	os.Setenv("PORT", "")
 	router := New()
 	router.TrustedProxies = []string{"hello/world"}
-	require.Error(t, router.Run(":8080"))
+	assert.Error(t, router.Run(":8080"))
 }

 func TestBadTrustedCIDRsForRunUnix(t *testing.T) {
@ -101,7 +100,7 @@ func TestBadTrustedCIDRsForRunUnix(t *testing.T) {

 	go func() {
 		router.GET("/example", func(c *Context) { c.String(http.StatusOK, "it worked") })
-		require.Error(t, router.RunUnix(unixTestSocket))
+		assert.Error(t, router.RunUnix(unixTestSocket))
 	}()
 	// have to wait for the goroutine to start and run the server
 	// otherwise the main thread will complete
@ -113,15 +112,15 @@ func TestBadTrustedCIDRsForRunFd(t *testing.T) {
 	router.TrustedProxies = []string{"hello/world"}

 	addr, err := net.ResolveTCPAddr("tcp", "localhost:0")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	listener, err := net.ListenTCP("tcp", addr)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	socketFile, err := listener.File()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)

 	go func() {
 		router.GET("/example", func(c *Context) { c.String(http.StatusOK, "it worked") })
-		require.Error(t, router.RunFd(int(socketFile.Fd())))
+		assert.Error(t, router.RunFd(int(socketFile.Fd())))
 	}()
 	// have to wait for the goroutine to start and run the server
 	// otherwise the main thread will complete
@ -133,12 +132,12 @@ func TestBadTrustedCIDRsForRunListener(t *testing.T) {
 	router.TrustedProxies = []string{"hello/world"}

 	addr, err := net.ResolveTCPAddr("tcp", "localhost:0")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	listener, err := net.ListenTCP("tcp", addr)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	go func() {
 		router.GET("/example", func(c *Context) { c.String(http.StatusOK, "it worked") })
-		require.Error(t, router.RunListener(listener))
+		assert.Error(t, router.RunListener(listener))
 	}()
 	// have to wait for the goroutine to start and run the server
 	// otherwise the main thread will complete
@ -149,7 +148,7 @@ func TestBadTrustedCIDRsForRunTLS(t *testing.T) {
 	os.Setenv("PORT", "")
 	router := New()
 	router.TrustedProxies = []string{"hello/world"}
-	require.Error(t, router.RunTLS(":8080", "./testdata/certificate/cert.pem", "./testdata/certificate/key.pem"))
+	assert.Error(t, router.RunTLS(":8080", "./testdata/certificate/cert.pem", "./testdata/certificate/key.pem"))
 }
 */

@ -165,7 +164,7 @@ func TestRunTLS(t *testing.T) {
 	// otherwise the main thread will complete
 	time.Sleep(5 * time.Millisecond)

-	require.Error(t, router.RunTLS(":8443", "./testdata/certificate/cert.pem", "./testdata/certificate/key.pem"))
+	assert.Error(t, router.RunTLS(":8443", "./testdata/certificate/cert.pem", "./testdata/certificate/key.pem"))
 	testRequest(t, "https://localhost:8443/example")
 }

@ -202,7 +201,7 @@ func TestPusher(t *testing.T) {
 	// otherwise the main thread will complete
 	time.Sleep(5 * time.Millisecond)

-	require.Error(t, router.RunTLS(":8449", "./testdata/certificate/cert.pem", "./testdata/certificate/key.pem"))
+	assert.Error(t, router.RunTLS(":8449", "./testdata/certificate/cert.pem", "./testdata/certificate/key.pem"))
 	testRequest(t, "https://localhost:8449/pusher")
 }

@ -217,14 +216,14 @@ func TestRunEmptyWithEnv(t *testing.T) {
 	// otherwise the main thread will complete
 	time.Sleep(5 * time.Millisecond)

-	require.Error(t, router.Run(":3123"))
+	assert.Error(t, router.Run(":3123"))
 	testRequest(t, "http://localhost:3123/example")
 }

 func TestRunTooMuchParams(t *testing.T) {
 	router := New()
 	assert.Panics(t, func() {
-		require.NoError(t, router.Run("2", "2"))
+		assert.NoError(t, router.Run("2", "2"))
 	})
 }

@ -238,7 +237,7 @@ func TestRunWithPort(t *testing.T) {
 	// otherwise the main thread will complete
 	time.Sleep(5 * time.Millisecond)

-	require.Error(t, router.Run(":5150"))
+	assert.Error(t, router.Run(":5150"))
 	testRequest(t, "http://localhost:5150/example")
 }

@ -258,7 +257,7 @@ func TestUnixSocket(t *testing.T) {
 	time.Sleep(5 * time.Millisecond)

 	c, err := net.Dial("unix", unixTestSocket)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)

 	fmt.Fprint(c, "GET /example HTTP/1.0\r\n\r\n")
 	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(c)
@ -272,38 +271,22 @@ func TestUnixSocket(t *testing.T) {

 func TestBadUnixSocket(t *testing.T) {
 	router := New()
-	require.Error(t, router.RunUnix("#/tmp/unix_unit_test"))
-}
-
-func TestRunQUIC(t *testing.T) {
-	router := New()
-	go func() {
-		router.GET("/example", func(c *Context) { c.String(http.StatusOK, "it worked") })
-
-		assert.NoError(t, router.RunQUIC(":8443", "./testdata/certificate/cert.pem", "./testdata/certificate/key.pem"))
-	}()
-
-	// have to wait for the goroutine to start and run the server
-	// otherwise the main thread will complete
-	time.Sleep(5 * time.Millisecond)
-
-	require.Error(t, router.RunQUIC(":8443", "./testdata/certificate/cert.pem", "./testdata/certificate/key.pem"))
-	testRequest(t, "https://localhost:8443/example")
+	assert.Error(t, router.RunUnix("#/tmp/unix_unit_test"))
 }

 func TestFileDescriptor(t *testing.T) {
 	router := New()

 	addr, err := net.ResolveTCPAddr("tcp", "localhost:0")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	listener, err := net.ListenTCP("tcp", addr)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	socketFile, err := listener.File()
 	if isWindows() {
 		// not supported by windows, it is unimplemented now
-		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Error(t, err)
 	} else {
-		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
 	}

 	if socketFile == nil {
@ -319,7 +302,7 @@ func TestFileDescriptor(t *testing.T) {
 	time.Sleep(5 * time.Millisecond)

 	c, err := net.Dial("tcp", listener.Addr().String())
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)

 	fmt.Fprintf(c, "GET /example HTTP/1.0\r\n\r\n")
 	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(c)
@ -333,15 +316,15 @@ func TestFileDescriptor(t *testing.T) {

 func TestBadFileDescriptor(t *testing.T) {
 	router := New()
-	require.Error(t, router.RunFd(0))
+	assert.Error(t, router.RunFd(0))
 }

 func TestListener(t *testing.T) {
 	router := New()
 	addr, err := net.ResolveTCPAddr("tcp", "localhost:0")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	listener, err := net.ListenTCP("tcp", addr)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	go func() {
 		router.GET("/example", func(c *Context) { c.String(http.StatusOK, "it worked") })
 		assert.NoError(t, router.RunListener(listener))
@ -351,7 +334,7 @@ func TestListener(t *testing.T) {
 	time.Sleep(5 * time.Millisecond)

 	c, err := net.Dial("tcp", listener.Addr().String())
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)

 	fmt.Fprintf(c, "GET /example HTTP/1.0\r\n\r\n")
 	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(c)
@ -366,11 +349,11 @@ func TestListener(t *testing.T) {
 func TestBadListener(t *testing.T) {
 	router := New()
 	addr, err := net.ResolveTCPAddr("tcp", "localhost:10086")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	listener, err := net.ListenTCP("tcp", addr)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	listener.Close()
-	require.Error(t, router.RunListener(listener))
+	assert.Error(t, router.RunListener(listener))
 }

 func TestWithHttptestWithAutoSelectedPort(t *testing.T) {
@ -396,14 +379,7 @@ func TestConcurrentHandleContext(t *testing.T) {
 	wg.Add(iterations)
 	for i := 0; i < iterations; i++ {
 		go func() {
-			req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/", nil)
-			assert.NoError(t, err)
-
-			w := httptest.NewRecorder()
-			router.ServeHTTP(w, req)
-
-			assert.Equal(t, "it worked", w.Body.String(), "resp body should match")
-			assert.Equal(t, 200, w.Code, "should get a 200")
+			testGetRequestHandler(t, router, "/")
 			wg.Done()
 		}()
 	}
@ -425,6 +401,17 @@ func TestConcurrentHandleContext(t *testing.T) {
 // 	testRequest(t, "http://localhost:8033/example")
 // }

+func testGetRequestHandler(t *testing.T, h http.Handler, url string) {
+	req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, url, nil)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "it worked", w.Body.String(), "resp body should match")
+	assert.Equal(t, 200, w.Code, "should get a 200")
+}
+
 func TestTreeRunDynamicRouting(t *testing.T) {
 	router := New()
 	router.GET("/aa/*xx", func(c *Context) { c.String(http.StatusOK, "/aa/*xx") })
@ -574,28 +561,3 @@ func TestTreeRunDynamicRouting(t *testing.T) {
 func isWindows() bool {
 	return runtime.GOOS == "windows"
 }
-
-func TestEscapedColon(t *testing.T) {
-	router := New()
-	f := func(u string) {
-		router.GET(u, func(c *Context) { c.String(http.StatusOK, u) })
-	}
-	f("/r/r\\:r")
-	f("/r/r:r")
-	f("/r/r/:r")
-	f("/r/r/\\:r")
-	f("/r/r/r\\:r")
-	assert.Panics(t, func() {
-		f("\\foo:")
-	})
-
-	router.updateRouteTrees()
-	ts := httptest.NewServer(router)
-	defer ts.Close()
-
-	testRequest(t, ts.URL+"/r/r123", "", "/r/r:r")
-	testRequest(t, ts.URL+"/r/r:r", "", "/r/r\\:r")
-	testRequest(t, ts.URL+"/r/r/r123", "", "/r/r/:r")
-	testRequest(t, ts.URL+"/r/r/:r", "", "/r/r/\\:r")
-	testRequest(t, ts.URL+"/r/r/r:r", "", "/r/r/r\\:r")
-}
--- a/gin_test.go
+++ b/gin_test.go
@ -8,19 +8,17 @@ import (
 	"crypto/tls"
 	"fmt"
 	"html/template"
-	"io"
+	"io/ioutil"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
 	"reflect"
 	"strconv"
-	"strings"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"testing"
 	"time"

 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 	"golang.org/x/net/http2"
 )

@ -73,19 +71,19 @@ func TestLoadHTMLGlobDebugMode(t *testing.T) {
 	)
 	defer ts.Close()

-	res, err := http.Get(ts.URL + "/test")
+	res, err := http.Get(fmt.Sprintf("%s/test", ts.URL))
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Error(err)
+		fmt.Println(err)
 	}

-	resp, _ := io.ReadAll(res.Body)
+	resp, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(res.Body)
 	assert.Equal(t, "<h1>Hello world</h1>", string(resp))
 }

 func TestH2c(t *testing.T) {
 	ln, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Error(err)
+		fmt.Println(err)
 	}
 	r := Default()
 	r.UseH2C = true
@ -95,14 +93,14 @@ func TestH2c(t *testing.T) {
 	go func() {
 		err := http.Serve(ln, r.Handler())
 		if err != nil {
-			t.Log(err)
+			fmt.Println(err)
 		}
 	}()
 	defer ln.Close()

 	url := "http://" + ln.Addr().String() + "/"

-	httpClient := http.Client{
+	http := http.Client{
 		Transport: &http2.Transport{
 			AllowHTTP: true,
 			DialTLS: func(netw, addr string, cfg *tls.Config) (net.Conn, error) {
@ -111,12 +109,12 @@ func TestH2c(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}

-	res, err := httpClient.Get(url)
+	res, err := http.Get(url)
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Error(err)
+		fmt.Println(err)
 	}

-	resp, _ := io.ReadAll(res.Body)
+	resp, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(res.Body)
 	assert.Equal(t, "<h1>Hello world</h1>", string(resp))
 }

@ -131,12 +129,12 @@ func TestLoadHTMLGlobTestMode(t *testing.T) {
 	)
 	defer ts.Close()

-	res, err := http.Get(ts.URL + "/test")
+	res, err := http.Get(fmt.Sprintf("%s/test", ts.URL))
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Error(err)
+		fmt.Println(err)
 	}

-	resp, _ := io.ReadAll(res.Body)
+	resp, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(res.Body)
 	assert.Equal(t, "<h1>Hello world</h1>", string(resp))
 }

@ -151,12 +149,12 @@ func TestLoadHTMLGlobReleaseMode(t *testing.T) {
 	)
 	defer ts.Close()

-	res, err := http.Get(ts.URL + "/test")
+	res, err := http.Get(fmt.Sprintf("%s/test", ts.URL))
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Error(err)
+		fmt.Println(err)
 	}

-	resp, _ := io.ReadAll(res.Body)
+	resp, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(res.Body)
 	assert.Equal(t, "<h1>Hello world</h1>", string(resp))
 }

@ -178,12 +176,12 @@ func TestLoadHTMLGlobUsingTLS(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 	client := &http.Client{Transport: tr}
-	res, err := client.Get(ts.URL + "/test")
+	res, err := client.Get(fmt.Sprintf("%s/test", ts.URL))
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Error(err)
+		fmt.Println(err)
 	}

-	resp, _ := io.ReadAll(res.Body)
+	resp, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(res.Body)
 	assert.Equal(t, "<h1>Hello world</h1>", string(resp))
 }

@ -198,12 +196,12 @@ func TestLoadHTMLGlobFromFuncMap(t *testing.T) {
 	)
 	defer ts.Close()

-	res, err := http.Get(ts.URL + "/raw")
+	res, err := http.Get(fmt.Sprintf("%s/raw", ts.URL))
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Error(err)
+		fmt.Println(err)
 	}

-	resp, _ := io.ReadAll(res.Body)
+	resp, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(res.Body)
 	assert.Equal(t, "Date: 2017/07/01", string(resp))
 }

@ -229,12 +227,12 @@ func TestLoadHTMLFilesTestMode(t *testing.T) {
 	)
 	defer ts.Close()

-	res, err := http.Get(ts.URL + "/test")
+	res, err := http.Get(fmt.Sprintf("%s/test", ts.URL))
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Error(err)
+		fmt.Println(err)
 	}

-	resp, _ := io.ReadAll(res.Body)
+	resp, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(res.Body)
 	assert.Equal(t, "<h1>Hello world</h1>", string(resp))
 }

@ -249,12 +247,12 @@ func TestLoadHTMLFilesDebugMode(t *testing.T) {
 	)
 	defer ts.Close()

-	res, err := http.Get(ts.URL + "/test")
+	res, err := http.Get(fmt.Sprintf("%s/test", ts.URL))
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Error(err)
+		fmt.Println(err)
 	}

-	resp, _ := io.ReadAll(res.Body)
+	resp, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(res.Body)
 	assert.Equal(t, "<h1>Hello world</h1>", string(resp))
 }

@ -269,12 +267,12 @@ func TestLoadHTMLFilesReleaseMode(t *testing.T) {
 	)
 	defer ts.Close()

-	res, err := http.Get(ts.URL + "/test")
+	res, err := http.Get(fmt.Sprintf("%s/test", ts.URL))
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Error(err)
+		fmt.Println(err)
 	}

-	resp, _ := io.ReadAll(res.Body)
+	resp, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(res.Body)
 	assert.Equal(t, "<h1>Hello world</h1>", string(resp))
 }

@ -296,12 +294,12 @@ func TestLoadHTMLFilesUsingTLS(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 	client := &http.Client{Transport: tr}
-	res, err := client.Get(ts.URL + "/test")
+	res, err := client.Get(fmt.Sprintf("%s/test", ts.URL))
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Error(err)
+		fmt.Println(err)
 	}

-	resp, _ := io.ReadAll(res.Body)
+	resp, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(res.Body)
 	assert.Equal(t, "<h1>Hello world</h1>", string(resp))
 }

@ -316,42 +314,42 @@ func TestLoadHTMLFilesFuncMap(t *testing.T) {
 	)
 	defer ts.Close()

-	res, err := http.Get(ts.URL + "/raw")
+	res, err := http.Get(fmt.Sprintf("%s/raw", ts.URL))
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Error(err)
+		fmt.Println(err)
 	}

-	resp, _ := io.ReadAll(res.Body)
+	resp, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(res.Body)
 	assert.Equal(t, "Date: 2017/07/01", string(resp))
 }

 func TestAddRoute(t *testing.T) {
 	router := New()
-	router.addRoute(http.MethodGet, "/", HandlersChain{func(_ *Context) {}})
+	router.addRoute("GET", "/", HandlersChain{func(_ *Context) {}})

 	assert.Len(t, router.trees, 1)
-	assert.NotNil(t, router.trees.get(http.MethodGet))
-	assert.Nil(t, router.trees.get(http.MethodPost))
+	assert.NotNil(t, router.trees.get("GET"))
+	assert.Nil(t, router.trees.get("POST"))

-	router.addRoute(http.MethodPost, "/", HandlersChain{func(_ *Context) {}})
+	router.addRoute("POST", "/", HandlersChain{func(_ *Context) {}})

 	assert.Len(t, router.trees, 2)
-	assert.NotNil(t, router.trees.get(http.MethodGet))
-	assert.NotNil(t, router.trees.get(http.MethodPost))
+	assert.NotNil(t, router.trees.get("GET"))
+	assert.NotNil(t, router.trees.get("POST"))

-	router.addRoute(http.MethodPost, "/post", HandlersChain{func(_ *Context) {}})
+	router.addRoute("POST", "/post", HandlersChain{func(_ *Context) {}})
 	assert.Len(t, router.trees, 2)
 }

 func TestAddRouteFails(t *testing.T) {
 	router := New()
 	assert.Panics(t, func() { router.addRoute("", "/", HandlersChain{func(_ *Context) {}}) })
-	assert.Panics(t, func() { router.addRoute(http.MethodGet, "a", HandlersChain{func(_ *Context) {}}) })
-	assert.Panics(t, func() { router.addRoute(http.MethodGet, "/", HandlersChain{}) })
+	assert.Panics(t, func() { router.addRoute("GET", "a", HandlersChain{func(_ *Context) {}}) })
+	assert.Panics(t, func() { router.addRoute("GET", "/", HandlersChain{}) })

-	router.addRoute(http.MethodPost, "/post", HandlersChain{func(_ *Context) {}})
+	router.addRoute("POST", "/post", HandlersChain{func(_ *Context) {}})
 	assert.Panics(t, func() {
-		router.addRoute(http.MethodPost, "/post", HandlersChain{func(_ *Context) {}})
+		router.addRoute("POST", "/post", HandlersChain{func(_ *Context) {}})
 	})
 }

@ -493,27 +491,27 @@ func TestListOfRoutes(t *testing.T) {

 	assert.Len(t, list, 7)
 	assertRoutePresent(t, list, RouteInfo{
-		Method:  http.MethodGet,
+		Method:  "GET",
 		Path:    "/favicon.ico",
 		Handler: "^(.*/vendor/)?github.com/gin-gonic/gin.handlerTest1$",
 	})
 	assertRoutePresent(t, list, RouteInfo{
-		Method:  http.MethodGet,
+		Method:  "GET",
 		Path:    "/",
 		Handler: "^(.*/vendor/)?github.com/gin-gonic/gin.handlerTest1$",
 	})
 	assertRoutePresent(t, list, RouteInfo{
-		Method:  http.MethodGet,
+		Method:  "GET",
 		Path:    "/users/",
 		Handler: "^(.*/vendor/)?github.com/gin-gonic/gin.handlerTest2$",
 	})
 	assertRoutePresent(t, list, RouteInfo{
-		Method:  http.MethodGet,
+		Method:  "GET",
 		Path:    "/users/:id",
 		Handler: "^(.*/vendor/)?github.com/gin-gonic/gin.handlerTest1$",
 	})
 	assertRoutePresent(t, list, RouteInfo{
-		Method:  http.MethodPost,
+		Method:  "POST",
 		Path:    "/users/:id",
 		Handler: "^(.*/vendor/)?github.com/gin-gonic/gin.handlerTest2$",
 	})
@ -531,7 +529,7 @@ func TestEngineHandleContext(t *testing.T) {
 	}

 	assert.NotPanics(t, func() {
-		w := PerformRequest(r, http.MethodGet, "/")
+		w := PerformRequest(r, "GET", "/")
 		assert.Equal(t, 301, w.Code)
 	})
 }
@ -548,10 +546,10 @@ func TestEngineHandleContextManyReEntries(t *testing.T) {
 	r.GET("/:count", func(c *Context) {
 		countStr := c.Param("count")
 		count, err := strconv.Atoi(countStr)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)

 		n, err := c.Writer.Write([]byte("."))
-		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.Equal(t, 1, n)

 		switch {
@ -564,7 +562,7 @@ func TestEngineHandleContextManyReEntries(t *testing.T) {
 	})

 	assert.NotPanics(t, func() {
-		w := PerformRequest(r, http.MethodGet, "/"+strconv.Itoa(expectValue-1)) // include 0 value
+		w := PerformRequest(r, "GET", "/"+strconv.Itoa(expectValue-1)) // include 0 value
 		assert.Equal(t, 200, w.Code)
 		assert.Equal(t, expectValue, w.Body.Len())
 	})
@ -573,44 +571,6 @@ func TestEngineHandleContextManyReEntries(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, int64(expectValue), middlewareCounter)
 }

-func TestEngineHandleContextPreventsMiddlewareReEntry(t *testing.T) {
-	// given
-	var handlerCounterV1, handlerCounterV2, middlewareCounterV1 int64
-
-	r := New()
-	v1 := r.Group("/v1")
-	{
-		v1.Use(func(c *Context) {
-			atomic.AddInt64(&middlewareCounterV1, 1)
-		})
-		v1.GET("/test", func(c *Context) {
-			atomic.AddInt64(&handlerCounterV1, 1)
-			c.Status(http.StatusOK)
-		})
-	}
-
-	v2 := r.Group("/v2")
-	{
-		v2.GET("/test", func(c *Context) {
-			c.Request.URL.Path = "/v1/test"
-			r.HandleContext(c)
-		}, func(c *Context) {
-			atomic.AddInt64(&handlerCounterV2, 1)
-		})
-	}
-
-	// when
-	responseV1 := PerformRequest(r, "GET", "/v1/test")
-	responseV2 := PerformRequest(r, "GET", "/v2/test")
-
-	// then
-	assert.Equal(t, 200, responseV1.Code)
-	assert.Equal(t, 200, responseV2.Code)
-	assert.Equal(t, int64(2), handlerCounterV1)
-	assert.Equal(t, int64(2), middlewareCounterV1)
-	assert.Equal(t, int64(1), handlerCounterV2)
-}
-
 func TestPrepareTrustedCIRDsWith(t *testing.T) {
 	r := New()

@ -619,7 +579,7 @@ func TestPrepareTrustedCIRDsWith(t *testing.T) {
 		expectedTrustedCIDRs := []*net.IPNet{parseCIDR("0.0.0.0/0")}
 		err := r.SetTrustedProxies([]string{"0.0.0.0/0"})

-		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.Equal(t, expectedTrustedCIDRs, r.trustedCIDRs)
 	}

@ -627,7 +587,7 @@ func TestPrepareTrustedCIRDsWith(t *testing.T) {
 	{
 		err := r.SetTrustedProxies([]string{"192.168.1.33/33"})

-		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Error(t, err)
 	}

 	// valid ipv4 address
@ -636,7 +596,7 @@ func TestPrepareTrustedCIRDsWith(t *testing.T) {

 		err := r.SetTrustedProxies([]string{"192.168.1.33"})

-		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.Equal(t, expectedTrustedCIDRs, r.trustedCIDRs)
 	}

@ -644,7 +604,7 @@ func TestPrepareTrustedCIRDsWith(t *testing.T) {
 	{
 		err := r.SetTrustedProxies([]string{"192.168.1.256"})

-		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Error(t, err)
 	}

 	// valid ipv6 address
@ -652,7 +612,7 @@ func TestPrepareTrustedCIRDsWith(t *testing.T) {
 		expectedTrustedCIDRs := []*net.IPNet{parseCIDR("2002:0000:0000:1234:abcd:ffff:c0a8:0101/128")}
 		err := r.SetTrustedProxies([]string{"2002:0000:0000:1234:abcd:ffff:c0a8:0101"})

-		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.Equal(t, expectedTrustedCIDRs, r.trustedCIDRs)
 	}

@ -660,7 +620,7 @@ func TestPrepareTrustedCIRDsWith(t *testing.T) {
 	{
 		err := r.SetTrustedProxies([]string{"gggg:0000:0000:1234:abcd:ffff:c0a8:0101"})

-		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Error(t, err)
 	}

 	// valid ipv6 cidr
@ -668,7 +628,7 @@ func TestPrepareTrustedCIRDsWith(t *testing.T) {
 		expectedTrustedCIDRs := []*net.IPNet{parseCIDR("::/0")}
 		err := r.SetTrustedProxies([]string{"::/0"})

-		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.Equal(t, expectedTrustedCIDRs, r.trustedCIDRs)
 	}

@ -676,7 +636,7 @@ func TestPrepareTrustedCIRDsWith(t *testing.T) {
 	{
 		err := r.SetTrustedProxies([]string{"gggg:0000:0000:1234:abcd:ffff:c0a8:0101/129"})

-		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Error(t, err)
 	}

 	// valid combination
@ -692,7 +652,7 @@ func TestPrepareTrustedCIRDsWith(t *testing.T) {
 			"172.16.0.1",
 		})

-		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.Equal(t, expectedTrustedCIDRs, r.trustedCIDRs)
 	}

@ -704,7 +664,7 @@ func TestPrepareTrustedCIRDsWith(t *testing.T) {
 			"172.16.0.256",
 		})

-		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Error(t, err)
 	}

 	// nil value
@ -712,7 +672,7 @@ func TestPrepareTrustedCIRDsWith(t *testing.T) {
 		err := r.SetTrustedProxies(nil)

 		assert.Nil(t, r.trustedCIDRs)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Nil(t, err)
 	}
 }

@ -736,71 +696,3 @@ func assertRoutePresent(t *testing.T, gotRoutes RoutesInfo, wantRoute RouteInfo)

 func handlerTest1(c *Context) {}
 func handlerTest2(c *Context) {}
-
-func TestNewOptionFunc(t *testing.T) {
-	var fc = func(e *Engine) {
-		e.GET("/test1", handlerTest1)
-		e.GET("/test2", handlerTest2)
-
-		e.Use(func(c *Context) {
-			c.Next()
-		})
-	}
-
-	r := New(fc)
-
-	routes := r.Routes()
-	assertRoutePresent(t, routes, RouteInfo{Path: "/test1", Method: http.MethodGet, Handler: "github.com/gin-gonic/gin.handlerTest1"})
-	assertRoutePresent(t, routes, RouteInfo{Path: "/test2", Method: http.MethodGet, Handler: "github.com/gin-gonic/gin.handlerTest2"})
-}
-
-func TestWithOptionFunc(t *testing.T) {
-	r := New()
-
-	r.With(func(e *Engine) {
-		e.GET("/test1", handlerTest1)
-		e.GET("/test2", handlerTest2)
-
-		e.Use(func(c *Context) {
-			c.Next()
-		})
-	})
-
-	routes := r.Routes()
-	assertRoutePresent(t, routes, RouteInfo{Path: "/test1", Method: http.MethodGet, Handler: "github.com/gin-gonic/gin.handlerTest1"})
-	assertRoutePresent(t, routes, RouteInfo{Path: "/test2", Method: http.MethodGet, Handler: "github.com/gin-gonic/gin.handlerTest2"})
-}
-
-type Birthday string
-
-func (b *Birthday) UnmarshalParam(param string) error {
-	*b = Birthday(strings.Replace(param, "-", "/", -1))
-	return nil
-}
-
-func TestCustomUnmarshalStruct(t *testing.T) {
-	route := Default()
-	var request struct {
-		Birthday Birthday `form:"birthday"`
-	}
-	route.GET("/test", func(ctx *Context) {
-		_ = ctx.BindQuery(&request)
-		ctx.JSON(200, request.Birthday)
-	})
-	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/test?birthday=2000-01-01", nil)
-	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
-	route.ServeHTTP(w, req)
-	assert.Equal(t, 200, w.Code)
-	assert.Equal(t, `"2000/01/01"`, w.Body.String())
-}
-
-// Test the fix for https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/4002
-func TestMethodNotAllowedNoRoute(t *testing.T) {
-	g := New()
-	g.HandleMethodNotAllowed = true
-
-	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/", nil)
-	resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-	assert.NotPanics(t, func() { g.ServeHTTP(resp, req) })
-	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusNotFound, resp.Code)
-}
--- a/githubapi_test.go
+++ b/githubapi_test.go
@ -5,17 +5,15 @@
 package gin

 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"fmt"
 	"math/rand"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
 	"os"
-	"strconv"
-	"strings"
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )

 type route struct {
@ -297,9 +295,9 @@ func TestShouldBindUri(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	router.Handle(http.MethodGet, "/rest/:name/:id", func(c *Context) {
 		var person Person
-		require.NoError(t, c.ShouldBindUri(&person))
-		assert.NotEqual(t, "", person.Name)
-		assert.NotEqual(t, "", person.ID)
+		assert.NoError(t, c.ShouldBindUri(&person))
+		assert.True(t, person.Name != "")
+		assert.True(t, person.ID != "")
 		c.String(http.StatusOK, "ShouldBindUri test OK")
 	})

@ -319,9 +317,9 @@ func TestBindUri(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	router.Handle(http.MethodGet, "/rest/:name/:id", func(c *Context) {
 		var person Person
-		require.NoError(t, c.BindUri(&person))
-		assert.NotEqual(t, "", person.Name)
-		assert.NotEqual(t, "", person.ID)
+		assert.NoError(t, c.BindUri(&person))
+		assert.True(t, person.Name != "")
+		assert.True(t, person.ID != "")
 		c.String(http.StatusOK, "BindUri test OK")
 	})

@ -340,7 +338,7 @@ func TestBindUriError(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	router.Handle(http.MethodGet, "/new/rest/:num", func(c *Context) {
 		var m Member
-		require.Error(t, c.BindUri(&m))
+		assert.Error(t, c.BindUri(&m))
 	})

 	path1, _ := exampleFromPath("/new/rest/:num")
@ -403,7 +401,7 @@ func TestGithubAPI(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func exampleFromPath(path string) (string, Params) {
-	output := new(strings.Builder)
+	output := new(bytes.Buffer)
 	params := make(Params, 0, 6)
 	start := -1
 	for i, c := range path {
@ -412,7 +410,7 @@ func exampleFromPath(path string) (string, Params) {
 		}
 		if start >= 0 {
 			if c == '/' {
-				value := strconv.Itoa(rand.Intn(100000))
+				value := fmt.Sprint(rand.Intn(100000))
 				params = append(params, Param{
 					Key:   path[start:i],
 					Value: value,
@ -426,7 +424,7 @@ func exampleFromPath(path string) (string, Params) {
 		}
 	}
 	if start >= 0 {
-		value := strconv.Itoa(rand.Intn(100000))
+		value := fmt.Sprint(rand.Intn(100000))
 		params = append(params, Param{
 			Key:   path[start:],
 			Value: value,
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@ -1,46 +1,31 @@
 module github.com/gin-gonic/gin

-go 1.23.0
+go 1.18

 require (
-	github.com/bytedance/sonic v1.13.1
 	github.com/gin-contrib/sse v0.1.0
-	github.com/go-playground/validator/v10 v10.22.1
-	github.com/goccy/go-json v0.10.2
+	github.com/go-playground/validator/v10 v10.10.0
+	github.com/goccy/go-json v0.9.7
 	github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.12
-	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20
-	github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.2.2
-	github.com/quic-go/quic-go v0.48.2
-	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.9.0
-	github.com/ugorji/go/codec v1.2.12
-	golang.org/x/net v0.37.0
-	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.34.1
-	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1
+	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.14
+	github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.0.1
+	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.7.1
+	github.com/ugorji/go/codec v1.2.7
+	golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20210226172049-e18ecbb05110
+	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.28.0
+	gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0
 )

 require (
-	github.com/bytedance/sonic/loader v0.2.4 // indirect
-	github.com/cloudwego/base64x v0.1.5 // indirect
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
-	github.com/gabriel-vasile/mimetype v1.4.3 // indirect
-	github.com/go-playground/locales v0.14.1 // indirect
-	github.com/go-playground/universal-translator v0.18.1 // indirect
-	github.com/go-task/slim-sprig v0.0.0-20230315185526-52ccab3ef572 // indirect
-	github.com/google/pprof v0.0.0-20210407192527-94a9f03dee38 // indirect
-	github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.0.9 // indirect
-	github.com/leodido/go-urn v1.4.0 // indirect
+	github.com/go-playground/locales v0.14.0 // indirect
+	github.com/go-playground/universal-translator v0.18.0 // indirect
+	github.com/leodido/go-urn v1.2.1 // indirect
 	github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180228061459-e0a39a4cb421 // indirect
 	github.com/modern-go/reflect2 v1.0.2 // indirect
-	github.com/onsi/ginkgo/v2 v2.9.5 // indirect
 	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
-	github.com/quic-go/qpack v0.5.1 // indirect
-	github.com/twitchyliquid64/golang-asm v0.15.1 // indirect
-	go.uber.org/mock v0.4.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/arch v0.0.0-20210923205945-b76863e36670 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.36.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20240506185415-9bf2ced13842 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/mod v0.17.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.31.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/text v0.23.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/tools v0.21.1-0.20240508182429-e35e4ccd0d2d // indirect
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20210711020723-a769d52b0f97 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210806184541-e5e7981a1069 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/text v0.3.6 // indirect
+	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20210107192922-496545a6307b // indirect
 )
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@ -1,114 +1,84 @@
-github.com/bytedance/sonic v1.13.1 h1:Jyd5CIvdFnkOWuKXr+wm4Nyk2h0yAFsr8ucJgEasO3g=
-github.com/bytedance/sonic v1.13.1/go.mod h1:o68xyaF9u2gvVBuGHPlUVCy+ZfmNNO5ETf1+KgkJhz4=
-github.com/bytedance/sonic/loader v0.1.1/go.mod h1:ncP89zfokxS5LZrJxl5z0UJcsk4M4yY2JpfqGeCtNLU=
-github.com/bytedance/sonic/loader v0.2.4 h1:ZWCw4stuXUsn1/+zQDqeE7JKP+QO47tz7QCNan80NzY=
-github.com/bytedance/sonic/loader v0.2.4/go.mod h1:N8A3vUdtUebEY2/VQC0MyhYeKUFosQU6FxH2JmUe6VI=
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-google.golang.org/protobuf v1.34.1 h1:9ddQBjfCyZPOHPUiPxpYESBLc+T8P3E+Vo4IbKZgFWg=
-google.golang.org/protobuf v1.34.1/go.mod h1:c6P6GXX6sHbq/GpV6MGZEdwhWPcYBgnhAHhKbcUYpos=
-gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405 h1:yhCVgyC4o1eVCa2tZl7eS0r+SDo693bJlVdllGtEeKM=
+github.com/ugorji/go v1.2.7/go.mod h1:nF9osbDWLy6bDVv/Rtoh6QgnvNDpmCalQV5urGCCS6M=
+github.com/ugorji/go/codec v1.2.7 h1:YPXUKf7fYbp/y8xloBqZOw2qaVggbfwMlI8WM3wZUJ0=
+github.com/ugorji/go/codec v1.2.7/go.mod h1:WGN1fab3R1fzQlVQTkfxVtIBhWDRqOviHU95kRgeqEY=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20210711020723-a769d52b0f97 h1:/UOmuWzQfxxo9UtlXMwuQU8CMgg1eZXqTRwkSQJWKOI=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20210711020723-a769d52b0f97/go.mod h1:GvvjBRRGRdwPK5ydBHafDWAxML/pGHZbMvKqRZ5+Abc=
+golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20210226172049-e18ecbb05110 h1:qWPm9rbaAMKs8Bq/9LRpbMqxWRVUAQwMI9fVrssnTfw=
+golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20210226172049-e18ecbb05110/go.mod h1:m0MpNAwzfU5UDzcl9v0D8zg8gWTRqZa9RBIspLL5mdg=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20201119102817-f84b799fce68/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210615035016-665e8c7367d1/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210630005230-0f9fa26af87c/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210806184541-e5e7981a1069 h1:siQdpVirKtzPhKl3lZWozZraCFObP8S1v6PRp0bLrtU=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210806184541-e5e7981a1069/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
+golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20201126162022-7de9c90e9dd1/go.mod h1:bj7SfCRtBDWHUb9snDiAeCFNEtKQo2Wmx5Cou7ajbmo=
+golang.org/x/text v0.3.3/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
+golang.org/x/text v0.3.6 h1:aRYxNxv6iGQlyVaZmk6ZgYEDa+Jg18DxebPSrd6bg1M=
+golang.org/x/text v0.3.6/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20180917221912-90fa682c2a6e/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
+golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191204190536-9bdfabe68543 h1:E7g+9GITq07hpfrRu66IVDexMakfv52eLZ2CXBWiKr4=
+golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191204190536-9bdfabe68543/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
+google.golang.org/protobuf v1.26.0-rc.1/go.mod h1:jlhhOSvTdKEhbULTjvd4ARK9grFBp09yW+WbY/TyQbw=
+google.golang.org/protobuf v1.28.0 h1:w43yiav+6bVFTBQFZX0r7ipe9JQ1QsbMgHwbBziscLw=
+google.golang.org/protobuf v1.28.0/go.mod h1:HV8QOd/L58Z+nl8r43ehVNZIU/HEI6OcFqwMG9pJV4I=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
+gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20180628173108-788fd7840127/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
+gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20201130134442-10cb98267c6c h1:Hei/4ADfdWqJk1ZMxUNpqntNwaWcugrBjAiHlqqRiVk=
+gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20201130134442-10cb98267c6c/go.mod h1:JHkPIbrfpd72SG/EVd6muEfDQjcINNoR0C8j2r3qZ4Q=
+gopkg.in/errgo.v2 v2.1.0/go.mod h1:hNsd1EY+bozCKY1Ytp96fpM3vjJbqLJn88ws8XvfDNI=
+gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0 h1:D8xgwECY7CYvx+Y2n4sBz93Jn9JRvxdiyyo8CTfuKaY=
+gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0/go.mod h1:RDklbk79AGWmwhnvt/jBztapEOGDOx6ZbXqjP6csGnQ=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20200313102051-9f266ea9e77c/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
-gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 h1:fxVm/GzAzEWqLHuvctI91KS9hhNmmWOoWu0XTYJS7CA=
-gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
-nullprogram.com/x/optparse v1.0.0/go.mod h1:KdyPE+Igbe0jQUrVfMqDMeJQIJZEuyV7pjYmp6pbG50=
+gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20210107192922-496545a6307b h1:h8qDotaEPuJATrMmW04NCwg7v22aHH28wwpauUhK9Oo=
+gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20210107192922-496545a6307b/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
--- a/internal/bytesconv/bytesconv.go
+++ b/internal/bytesconv/bytesconv.go
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2023 Gin Core Team. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright 2020 Gin Core Team. All rights reserved.
 // Use of this source code is governed by a MIT style
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

@ -9,13 +9,16 @@ import (
 )

 // StringToBytes converts string to byte slice without a memory allocation.
-// For more details, see https://github.com/golang/go/issues/53003#issuecomment-1140276077.
 func StringToBytes(s string) []byte {
-	return unsafe.Slice(unsafe.StringData(s), len(s))
+	return *(*[]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(
+		&struct {
+			string
+			Cap int
+		}{s, len(s)},
+	))
 }

 // BytesToString converts byte slice to string without a memory allocation.
-// For more details, see https://github.com/golang/go/issues/53003#issuecomment-1140276077.
 func BytesToString(b []byte) string {
-	return unsafe.String(unsafe.SliceData(b), len(b))
+	return *(*string)(unsafe.Pointer(&b))
 }
--- a/internal/json/go_json.go
+++ b/internal/json/go_json.go
@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

 //go:build go_json
+// +build go_json

 package json

--- a/internal/json/json.go
+++ b/internal/json/json.go
@ -2,7 +2,8 @@
 // Use of this source code is governed by a MIT style
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

-//go:build !jsoniter && !go_json && !(sonic && avx && (linux || windows || darwin) && amd64)
+//go:build !jsoniter && !go_json
+// +build !jsoniter,!go_json

 package json

--- a/internal/json/jsoniter.go
+++ b/internal/json/jsoniter.go
@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

 //go:build jsoniter
+// +build jsoniter

 package json

--- a/internal/json/sonic.go
+++ b/internal/json/sonic.go
@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2022 Gin Core Team. All rights reserved.
-// Use of this source code is governed by a MIT style
-// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
-
-//go:build sonic && avx && (linux || windows || darwin) && amd64
-
-package json
-
-import "github.com/bytedance/sonic"
-
-var (
-	json = sonic.ConfigStd
-	// Marshal is exported by gin/json package.
-	Marshal = json.Marshal
-	// Unmarshal is exported by gin/json package.
-	Unmarshal = json.Unmarshal
-	// MarshalIndent is exported by gin/json package.
-	MarshalIndent = json.MarshalIndent
-	// NewDecoder is exported by gin/json package.
-	NewDecoder = json.NewDecoder
-	// NewEncoder is exported by gin/json package.
-	NewEncoder = json.NewEncoder
-)
--- a/logger.go
+++ b/logger.go
@ -47,15 +47,8 @@ type LoggerConfig struct {
 	// SkipPaths is an url path array which logs are not written.
 	// Optional.
 	SkipPaths []string
-
-	// Skip is a Skipper that indicates which logs should not be written.
-	// Optional.
-	Skip Skipper
 }

-// Skipper is a function to skip logs based on provided Context
-type Skipper func(c *Context) bool
-
 // LogFormatter gives the signature of the formatter function passed to LoggerWithFormatter
 type LogFormatter func(params LogFormatterParams) string

@ -90,8 +83,6 @@ func (p *LogFormatterParams) StatusCodeColor() string {
 	code := p.StatusCode

 	switch {
-	case code >= http.StatusContinue && code < http.StatusOK:
-		return white
 	case code >= http.StatusOK && code < http.StatusMultipleChoices:
 		return green
 	case code >= http.StatusMultipleChoices && code < http.StatusBadRequest:
@ -248,34 +239,32 @@ func LoggerWithConfig(conf LoggerConfig) HandlerFunc {
 		// Process request
 		c.Next()

-		// Log only when it is not being skipped
-		if _, ok := skip[path]; ok || (conf.Skip != nil && conf.Skip(c)) {
-			return
+		// Log only when path is not being skipped
+		if _, ok := skip[path]; !ok {
+			param := LogFormatterParams{
+				Request: c.Request,
+				isTerm:  isTerm,
+				Keys:    c.Keys,
+			}
+
+			// Stop timer
+			param.TimeStamp = time.Now()
+			param.Latency = param.TimeStamp.Sub(start)
+
+			param.ClientIP = c.ClientIP()
+			param.Method = c.Request.Method
+			param.StatusCode = c.Writer.Status()
+			param.ErrorMessage = c.Errors.ByType(ErrorTypePrivate).String()
+
+			param.BodySize = c.Writer.Size()
+
+			if raw != "" {
+				path = path + "?" + raw
+			}
+
+			param.Path = path
+
+			fmt.Fprint(out, formatter(param))
 		}
-
-		param := LogFormatterParams{
-			Request: c.Request,
-			isTerm:  isTerm,
-			Keys:    c.Keys,
-		}
-
-		// Stop timer
-		param.TimeStamp = time.Now()
-		param.Latency = param.TimeStamp.Sub(start)
-
-		param.ClientIP = c.ClientIP()
-		param.Method = c.Request.Method
-		param.StatusCode = c.Writer.Status()
-		param.ErrorMessage = c.Errors.ByType(ErrorTypePrivate).String()
-
-		param.BodySize = c.Writer.Size()
-
-		if raw != "" {
-			path = path + "?" + raw
-		}
-
-		param.Path = path
-
-		fmt.Fprint(out, formatter(param))
 	}
 }
--- a/logger_test.go
+++ b/logger_test.go
@ -5,10 +5,10 @@
 package gin

 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
-	"strings"
 	"testing"
 	"time"

@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ func init() {
 }

 func TestLogger(t *testing.T) {
-	buffer := new(strings.Builder)
+	buffer := new(bytes.Buffer)
 	router := New()
 	router.Use(LoggerWithWriter(buffer))
 	router.GET("/example", func(c *Context) {})
@ -31,9 +31,9 @@ func TestLogger(t *testing.T) {
 	router.HEAD("/example", func(c *Context) {})
 	router.OPTIONS("/example", func(c *Context) {})

-	PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/example?a=100")
+	PerformRequest(router, "GET", "/example?a=100")
 	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "200")
-	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), http.MethodGet)
+	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "GET")
 	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "/example")
 	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "a=100")

@ -41,21 +41,21 @@ func TestLogger(t *testing.T) {
 	// like integration tests because they test the whole logging process rather
 	// than individual functions.  Im not sure where these should go.
 	buffer.Reset()
-	PerformRequest(router, http.MethodPost, "/example")
+	PerformRequest(router, "POST", "/example")
 	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "200")
-	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), http.MethodPost)
+	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "POST")
 	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "/example")

 	buffer.Reset()
-	PerformRequest(router, http.MethodPut, "/example")
+	PerformRequest(router, "PUT", "/example")
 	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "200")
-	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), http.MethodPut)
+	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "PUT")
 	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "/example")

 	buffer.Reset()
-	PerformRequest(router, http.MethodDelete, "/example")
+	PerformRequest(router, "DELETE", "/example")
 	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "200")
-	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), http.MethodDelete)
+	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "DELETE")
 	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "/example")

 	buffer.Reset()
@ -77,14 +77,14 @@ func TestLogger(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "/example")

 	buffer.Reset()
-	PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/notfound")
+	PerformRequest(router, "GET", "/notfound")
 	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "404")
-	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), http.MethodGet)
+	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "GET")
 	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "/notfound")
 }

 func TestLoggerWithConfig(t *testing.T) {
-	buffer := new(strings.Builder)
+	buffer := new(bytes.Buffer)
 	router := New()
 	router.Use(LoggerWithConfig(LoggerConfig{Output: buffer}))
 	router.GET("/example", func(c *Context) {})
@ -95,9 +95,9 @@ func TestLoggerWithConfig(t *testing.T) {
 	router.HEAD("/example", func(c *Context) {})
 	router.OPTIONS("/example", func(c *Context) {})

-	PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/example?a=100")
+	PerformRequest(router, "GET", "/example?a=100")
 	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "200")
-	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), http.MethodGet)
+	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "GET")
 	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "/example")
 	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "a=100")

@ -105,21 +105,21 @@ func TestLoggerWithConfig(t *testing.T) {
 	// like integration tests because they test the whole logging process rather
 	// than individual functions.  Im not sure where these should go.
 	buffer.Reset()
-	PerformRequest(router, http.MethodPost, "/example")
+	PerformRequest(router, "POST", "/example")
 	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "200")
-	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), http.MethodPost)
+	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "POST")
 	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "/example")

 	buffer.Reset()
-	PerformRequest(router, http.MethodPut, "/example")
+	PerformRequest(router, "PUT", "/example")
 	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "200")
-	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), http.MethodPut)
+	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "PUT")
 	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "/example")

 	buffer.Reset()
-	PerformRequest(router, http.MethodDelete, "/example")
+	PerformRequest(router, "DELETE", "/example")
 	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "200")
-	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), http.MethodDelete)
+	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "DELETE")
 	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "/example")

 	buffer.Reset()
@ -141,14 +141,14 @@ func TestLoggerWithConfig(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "/example")

 	buffer.Reset()
-	PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/notfound")
+	PerformRequest(router, "GET", "/notfound")
 	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "404")
-	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), http.MethodGet)
+	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "GET")
 	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "/notfound")
 }

 func TestLoggerWithFormatter(t *testing.T) {
-	buffer := new(strings.Builder)
+	buffer := new(bytes.Buffer)

 	d := DefaultWriter
 	DefaultWriter = buffer
@ -169,12 +169,12 @@ func TestLoggerWithFormatter(t *testing.T) {
 		)
 	}))
 	router.GET("/example", func(c *Context) {})
-	PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/example?a=100")
+	PerformRequest(router, "GET", "/example?a=100")

 	// output test
 	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "[FORMATTER TEST]")
 	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "200")
-	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), http.MethodGet)
+	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "GET")
 	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "/example")
 	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "a=100")
 }
@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ func TestLoggerWithFormatter(t *testing.T) {
 func TestLoggerWithConfigFormatting(t *testing.T) {
 	var gotParam LogFormatterParams
 	var gotKeys map[string]any
-	buffer := new(strings.Builder)
+	buffer := new(bytes.Buffer)

 	router := New()
 	router.engine.trustedCIDRs, _ = router.engine.prepareTrustedCIDRs()
@ -210,12 +210,12 @@ func TestLoggerWithConfigFormatting(t *testing.T) {
 		gotKeys = c.Keys
 		time.Sleep(time.Millisecond)
 	})
-	PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/example?a=100")
+	PerformRequest(router, "GET", "/example?a=100")

 	// output test
 	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "[FORMATTER TEST]")
 	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "200")
-	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), http.MethodGet)
+	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "GET")
 	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "/example")
 	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "a=100")

@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ func TestLoggerWithConfigFormatting(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, 200, gotParam.StatusCode)
 	assert.NotEmpty(t, gotParam.Latency)
 	assert.Equal(t, "20.20.20.20", gotParam.ClientIP)
-	assert.Equal(t, http.MethodGet, gotParam.Method)
+	assert.Equal(t, "GET", gotParam.Method)
 	assert.Equal(t, "/example?a=100", gotParam.Path)
 	assert.Empty(t, gotParam.ErrorMessage)
 	assert.Equal(t, gotKeys, gotParam.Keys)
@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ func TestDefaultLogFormatter(t *testing.T) {
 		StatusCode:   200,
 		Latency:      time.Second * 5,
 		ClientIP:     "20.20.20.20",
-		Method:       http.MethodGet,
+		Method:       "GET",
 		Path:         "/",
 		ErrorMessage: "",
 		isTerm:       false,
@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ func TestDefaultLogFormatter(t *testing.T) {
 		StatusCode:   200,
 		Latency:      time.Second * 5,
 		ClientIP:     "20.20.20.20",
-		Method:       http.MethodGet,
+		Method:       "GET",
 		Path:         "/",
 		ErrorMessage: "",
 		isTerm:       true,
@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ func TestDefaultLogFormatter(t *testing.T) {
 		StatusCode:   200,
 		Latency:      time.Millisecond * 9876543210,
 		ClientIP:     "20.20.20.20",
-		Method:       http.MethodGet,
+		Method:       "GET",
 		Path:         "/",
 		ErrorMessage: "",
 		isTerm:       true,
@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ func TestDefaultLogFormatter(t *testing.T) {
 		StatusCode:   200,
 		Latency:      time.Millisecond * 9876543210,
 		ClientIP:     "20.20.20.20",
-		Method:       http.MethodGet,
+		Method:       "GET",
 		Path:         "/",
 		ErrorMessage: "",
 		isTerm:       false,
@ -292,10 +292,10 @@ func TestColorForMethod(t *testing.T) {
 		return p.MethodColor()
 	}

-	assert.Equal(t, blue, colorForMethod(http.MethodGet), "get should be blue")
-	assert.Equal(t, cyan, colorForMethod(http.MethodPost), "post should be cyan")
-	assert.Equal(t, yellow, colorForMethod(http.MethodPut), "put should be yellow")
-	assert.Equal(t, red, colorForMethod(http.MethodDelete), "delete should be red")
+	assert.Equal(t, blue, colorForMethod("GET"), "get should be blue")
+	assert.Equal(t, cyan, colorForMethod("POST"), "post should be cyan")
+	assert.Equal(t, yellow, colorForMethod("PUT"), "put should be yellow")
+	assert.Equal(t, red, colorForMethod("DELETE"), "delete should be red")
 	assert.Equal(t, green, colorForMethod("PATCH"), "patch should be green")
 	assert.Equal(t, magenta, colorForMethod("HEAD"), "head should be magenta")
 	assert.Equal(t, white, colorForMethod("OPTIONS"), "options should be white")
@ -310,7 +310,6 @@ func TestColorForStatus(t *testing.T) {
 		return p.StatusCodeColor()
 	}

-	assert.Equal(t, white, colorForStatus(http.StatusContinue), "1xx should be white")
 	assert.Equal(t, green, colorForStatus(http.StatusOK), "2xx should be green")
 	assert.Equal(t, white, colorForStatus(http.StatusMovedPermanently), "3xx should be white")
 	assert.Equal(t, yellow, colorForStatus(http.StatusNotFound), "4xx should be yellow")
@ -329,13 +328,13 @@ func TestIsOutputColor(t *testing.T) {
 	}

 	consoleColorMode = autoColor
-	assert.True(t, p.IsOutputColor())
+	assert.Equal(t, true, p.IsOutputColor())

 	ForceConsoleColor()
-	assert.True(t, p.IsOutputColor())
+	assert.Equal(t, true, p.IsOutputColor())

 	DisableConsoleColor()
-	assert.False(t, p.IsOutputColor())
+	assert.Equal(t, false, p.IsOutputColor())

 	// test with isTerm flag false.
 	p = LogFormatterParams{
@ -343,13 +342,13 @@ func TestIsOutputColor(t *testing.T) {
 	}

 	consoleColorMode = autoColor
-	assert.False(t, p.IsOutputColor())
+	assert.Equal(t, false, p.IsOutputColor())

 	ForceConsoleColor()
-	assert.True(t, p.IsOutputColor())
+	assert.Equal(t, true, p.IsOutputColor())

 	DisableConsoleColor()
-	assert.False(t, p.IsOutputColor())
+	assert.Equal(t, false, p.IsOutputColor())

 	// reset console color mode.
 	consoleColorMode = autoColor
@ -359,46 +358,46 @@ func TestErrorLogger(t *testing.T) {
 	router := New()
 	router.Use(ErrorLogger())
 	router.GET("/error", func(c *Context) {
-		c.Error(errors.New("this is an error")) //nolint: errcheck
+		c.Error(errors.New("this is an error")) // nolint: errcheck
 	})
 	router.GET("/abort", func(c *Context) {
-		c.AbortWithError(http.StatusUnauthorized, errors.New("no authorized")) //nolint: errcheck
+		c.AbortWithError(http.StatusUnauthorized, errors.New("no authorized")) // nolint: errcheck
 	})
 	router.GET("/print", func(c *Context) {
-		c.Error(errors.New("this is an error")) //nolint: errcheck
+		c.Error(errors.New("this is an error")) // nolint: errcheck
 		c.String(http.StatusInternalServerError, "hola!")
 	})

-	w := PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/error")
+	w := PerformRequest(router, "GET", "/error")
 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
 	assert.Equal(t, "{\"error\":\"this is an error\"}", w.Body.String())

-	w = PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/abort")
+	w = PerformRequest(router, "GET", "/abort")
 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusUnauthorized, w.Code)
 	assert.Equal(t, "{\"error\":\"no authorized\"}", w.Body.String())

-	w = PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/print")
+	w = PerformRequest(router, "GET", "/print")
 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusInternalServerError, w.Code)
 	assert.Equal(t, "hola!{\"error\":\"this is an error\"}", w.Body.String())
 }

 func TestLoggerWithWriterSkippingPaths(t *testing.T) {
-	buffer := new(strings.Builder)
+	buffer := new(bytes.Buffer)
 	router := New()
 	router.Use(LoggerWithWriter(buffer, "/skipped"))
 	router.GET("/logged", func(c *Context) {})
 	router.GET("/skipped", func(c *Context) {})

-	PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/logged")
+	PerformRequest(router, "GET", "/logged")
 	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "200")

 	buffer.Reset()
-	PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/skipped")
+	PerformRequest(router, "GET", "/skipped")
 	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "")
 }

 func TestLoggerWithConfigSkippingPaths(t *testing.T) {
-	buffer := new(strings.Builder)
+	buffer := new(bytes.Buffer)
 	router := New()
 	router.Use(LoggerWithConfig(LoggerConfig{
 		Output:    buffer,
@ -407,31 +406,11 @@ func TestLoggerWithConfigSkippingPaths(t *testing.T) {
 	router.GET("/logged", func(c *Context) {})
 	router.GET("/skipped", func(c *Context) {})

-	PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/logged")
+	PerformRequest(router, "GET", "/logged")
 	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "200")

 	buffer.Reset()
-	PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/skipped")
-	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "")
-}
-
-func TestLoggerWithConfigSkipper(t *testing.T) {
-	buffer := new(strings.Builder)
-	router := New()
-	router.Use(LoggerWithConfig(LoggerConfig{
-		Output: buffer,
-		Skip: func(c *Context) bool {
-			return c.Writer.Status() == http.StatusNoContent
-		},
-	}))
-	router.GET("/logged", func(c *Context) { c.Status(http.StatusOK) })
-	router.GET("/skipped", func(c *Context) { c.Status(http.StatusNoContent) })
-
-	PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/logged")
-	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "200")
-
-	buffer.Reset()
-	PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/skipped")
+	PerformRequest(router, "GET", "/skipped")
 	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "")
 }

--- a/middleware_test.go
+++ b/middleware_test.go
@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ func TestMiddlewareGeneralCase(t *testing.T) {
 		signature += " XX "
 	})
 	// RUN
-	w := PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/")
+	w := PerformRequest(router, "GET", "/")

 	// TEST
 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ func TestMiddlewareNoRoute(t *testing.T) {
 		signature += " X "
 	})
 	// RUN
-	w := PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/")
+	w := PerformRequest(router, "GET", "/")

 	// TEST
 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusNotFound, w.Code)
@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ func TestMiddlewareNoMethodEnabled(t *testing.T) {
 		signature += " XX "
 	})
 	// RUN
-	w := PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/")
+	w := PerformRequest(router, "GET", "/")

 	// TEST
 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, w.Code)
@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ func TestMiddlewareNoMethodDisabled(t *testing.T) {
 	})

 	// RUN
-	w := PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/")
+	w := PerformRequest(router, "GET", "/")

 	// TEST
 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusNotFound, w.Code)
@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ func TestMiddlewareAbort(t *testing.T) {
 	})

 	// RUN
-	w := PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/")
+	w := PerformRequest(router, "GET", "/")

 	// TEST
 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusUnauthorized, w.Code)
@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ func TestMiddlewareAbortHandlersChainAndNext(t *testing.T) {
 		c.Next()
 	})
 	// RUN
-	w := PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/")
+	w := PerformRequest(router, "GET", "/")

 	// TEST
 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusGone, w.Code)
@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ func TestMiddlewareFailHandlersChain(t *testing.T) {
 	router := New()
 	router.Use(func(context *Context) {
 		signature += "A"
-		context.AbortWithError(http.StatusInternalServerError, errors.New("foo")) //nolint: errcheck
+		context.AbortWithError(http.StatusInternalServerError, errors.New("foo")) // nolint: errcheck
 	})
 	router.Use(func(context *Context) {
 		signature += "B"
@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ func TestMiddlewareFailHandlersChain(t *testing.T) {
 		signature += "C"
 	})
 	// RUN
-	w := PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/")
+	w := PerformRequest(router, "GET", "/")

 	// TEST
 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusInternalServerError, w.Code)
@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ func TestMiddlewareWrite(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	})

-	w := PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/")
+	w := PerformRequest(router, "GET", "/")

 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, w.Code)
 	assert.Equal(t, strings.Replace("hola\n<map><foo>bar</foo></map>{\"foo\":\"bar\"}{\"foo\":\"bar\"}event:test\ndata:message\n\n", " ", "", -1), strings.Replace(w.Body.String(), " ", "", -1))
--- a/mode.go
+++ b/mode.go
@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ import (
 	"flag"
 	"io"
 	"os"
-	"sync/atomic"

 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin/binding"
 )
@ -36,16 +35,17 @@ const (
 // Note that both Logger and Recovery provides custom ways to configure their
 // output io.Writer.
 // To support coloring in Windows use:
-//
-//	import "github.com/mattn/go-colorable"
-//	gin.DefaultWriter = colorable.NewColorableStdout()
+// 		import "github.com/mattn/go-colorable"
+// 		gin.DefaultWriter = colorable.NewColorableStdout()
 var DefaultWriter io.Writer = os.Stdout

 // DefaultErrorWriter is the default io.Writer used by Gin to debug errors
 var DefaultErrorWriter io.Writer = os.Stderr

-var ginMode int32 = debugCode
-var modeName atomic.Value
+var (
+	ginMode  = debugCode
+	modeName = DebugMode
+)

 func init() {
 	mode := os.Getenv(EnvGinMode)
@ -63,16 +63,17 @@ func SetMode(value string) {
 	}

 	switch value {
-	case DebugMode, "":
-		atomic.StoreInt32(&ginMode, debugCode)
+	case DebugMode:
+		ginMode = debugCode
 	case ReleaseMode:
-		atomic.StoreInt32(&ginMode, releaseCode)
+		ginMode = releaseCode
 	case TestMode:
-		atomic.StoreInt32(&ginMode, testCode)
+		ginMode = testCode
 	default:
 		panic("gin mode unknown: " + value + " (available mode: debug release test)")
 	}
-	modeName.Store(value)
+
+	modeName = value
 }

 // DisableBindValidation closes the default validator.
@ -94,5 +95,5 @@ func EnableJsonDecoderDisallowUnknownFields() {

 // Mode returns current gin mode.
 func Mode() string {
-	return modeName.Load().(string)
+	return modeName
 }
--- a/mode_test.go
+++ b/mode_test.go
@ -5,8 +5,8 @@
 package gin

 import (
+	"flag"
 	"os"
-	"sync/atomic"
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin/binding"
@ -18,24 +18,31 @@ func init() {
 }

 func TestSetMode(t *testing.T) {
-	assert.Equal(t, int32(testCode), atomic.LoadInt32(&ginMode))
+	assert.Equal(t, testCode, ginMode)
 	assert.Equal(t, TestMode, Mode())
 	os.Unsetenv(EnvGinMode)

 	SetMode("")
-	assert.Equal(t, int32(testCode), atomic.LoadInt32(&ginMode))
+	assert.Equal(t, testCode, ginMode)
 	assert.Equal(t, TestMode, Mode())

+	tmp := flag.CommandLine
+	flag.CommandLine = flag.NewFlagSet("", flag.ContinueOnError)
+	SetMode("")
+	assert.Equal(t, debugCode, ginMode)
+	assert.Equal(t, DebugMode, Mode())
+	flag.CommandLine = tmp
+
 	SetMode(DebugMode)
-	assert.Equal(t, int32(debugCode), atomic.LoadInt32(&ginMode))
+	assert.Equal(t, debugCode, ginMode)
 	assert.Equal(t, DebugMode, Mode())

 	SetMode(ReleaseMode)
-	assert.Equal(t, int32(releaseCode), atomic.LoadInt32(&ginMode))
+	assert.Equal(t, releaseCode, ginMode)
 	assert.Equal(t, ReleaseMode, Mode())

 	SetMode(TestMode)
-	assert.Equal(t, int32(testCode), atomic.LoadInt32(&ginMode))
+	assert.Equal(t, testCode, ginMode)
 	assert.Equal(t, TestMode, Mode())

 	assert.Panics(t, func() { SetMode("unknown") })
--- a/path.go
+++ b/path.go
@ -10,12 +10,12 @@ package gin
 //
 // The following rules are applied iteratively until no further processing can
 // be done:
-//  1. Replace multiple slashes with a single slash.
-//  2. Eliminate each . path name element (the current directory).
-//  3. Eliminate each inner .. path name element (the parent directory)
-//     along with the non-.. element that precedes it.
-//  4. Eliminate .. elements that begin a rooted path:
-//     that is, replace "/.." by "/" at the beginning of a path.
+//	1. Replace multiple slashes with a single slash.
+//	2. Eliminate each . path name element (the current directory).
+//	3. Eliminate each inner .. path name element (the parent directory)
+//	   along with the non-.. element that precedes it.
+//	4. Eliminate .. elements that begin a rooted path:
+//	   that is, replace "/.." by "/" at the beginning of a path.
 //
 // If the result of this process is an empty string, "/" is returned.
 func cleanPath(p string) string {
--- a/path_test.go
+++ b/path_test.go
@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 package gin

 import (
-	"runtime"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"

@ -81,13 +80,9 @@ func TestPathCleanMallocs(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Skip("skipping malloc count in short mode")
 	}

-	if runtime.GOMAXPROCS(0) > 1 {
-		t.Skip("skipping malloc count; GOMAXPROCS>1")
-	}
-
 	for _, test := range cleanTests {
 		allocs := testing.AllocsPerRun(100, func() { cleanPath(test.result) })
-		assert.InDelta(t, 0, allocs, 0.01)
+		assert.EqualValues(t, allocs, 0)
 	}
 }

--- a/recovery.go
+++ b/recovery.go
@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
+	"io/ioutil"
 	"log"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
@ -62,9 +63,7 @@ func CustomRecoveryWithWriter(out io.Writer, handle RecoveryFunc) HandlerFunc {
 				if ne, ok := err.(*net.OpError); ok {
 					var se *os.SyscallError
 					if errors.As(ne, &se) {
-						seStr := strings.ToLower(se.Error())
-						if strings.Contains(seStr, "broken pipe") ||
-							strings.Contains(seStr, "connection reset by peer") {
+						if strings.Contains(strings.ToLower(se.Error()), "broken pipe") || strings.Contains(strings.ToLower(se.Error()), "connection reset by peer") {
 							brokenPipe = true
 						}
 					}
@ -92,7 +91,7 @@ func CustomRecoveryWithWriter(out io.Writer, handle RecoveryFunc) HandlerFunc {
 				}
 				if brokenPipe {
 					// If the connection is dead, we can't write a status to it.
-					c.Error(err.(error)) //nolint: errcheck
+					c.Error(err.(error)) // nolint: errcheck
 					c.Abort()
 				} else {
 					handle(c, err)
@ -103,7 +102,7 @@ func CustomRecoveryWithWriter(out io.Writer, handle RecoveryFunc) HandlerFunc {
 	}
 }

-func defaultHandleRecovery(c *Context, _ any) {
+func defaultHandleRecovery(c *Context, err any) {
 	c.AbortWithStatus(http.StatusInternalServerError)
 }

@ -122,7 +121,7 @@ func stack(skip int) []byte {
 		// Print this much at least.  If we can't find the source, it won't show.
 		fmt.Fprintf(buf, "%s:%d (0x%x)\n", file, line, pc)
 		if file != lastFile {
-			data, err := os.ReadFile(file)
+			data, err := ioutil.ReadFile(file)
 			if err != nil {
 				continue
 			}
@ -164,7 +163,7 @@ func function(pc uintptr) []byte {
 	if period := bytes.Index(name, dot); period >= 0 {
 		name = name[period+1:]
 	}
-	name = bytes.ReplaceAll(name, centerDot, dot)
+	name = bytes.Replace(name, centerDot, dot, -1)
 	return name
 }

--- a/recovery_test.go
+++ b/recovery_test.go
@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
 package gin

 import (
+	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
@ -16,7 +18,7 @@ import (
 )

 func TestPanicClean(t *testing.T) {
-	buffer := new(strings.Builder)
+	buffer := new(bytes.Buffer)
 	router := New()
 	password := "my-super-secret-password"
 	router.Use(RecoveryWithWriter(buffer))
@ -25,14 +27,14 @@ func TestPanicClean(t *testing.T) {
 		panic("Oupps, Houston, we have a problem")
 	})
 	// RUN
-	w := PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/recovery",
+	w := PerformRequest(router, "GET", "/recovery",
 		header{
 			Key:   "Host",
 			Value: "www.google.com",
 		},
 		header{
 			Key:   "Authorization",
-			Value: "Bearer " + password,
+			Value: fmt.Sprintf("Bearer %s", password),
 		},
 		header{
 			Key:   "Content-Type",
@ -48,14 +50,14 @@ func TestPanicClean(t *testing.T) {

 // TestPanicInHandler assert that panic has been recovered.
 func TestPanicInHandler(t *testing.T) {
-	buffer := new(strings.Builder)
+	buffer := new(bytes.Buffer)
 	router := New()
 	router.Use(RecoveryWithWriter(buffer))
 	router.GET("/recovery", func(_ *Context) {
 		panic("Oupps, Houston, we have a problem")
 	})
 	// RUN
-	w := PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/recovery")
+	w := PerformRequest(router, "GET", "/recovery")
 	// TEST
 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusInternalServerError, w.Code)
 	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "panic recovered")
@ -66,7 +68,7 @@ func TestPanicInHandler(t *testing.T) {
 	// Debug mode prints the request
 	SetMode(DebugMode)
 	// RUN
-	w = PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/recovery")
+	w = PerformRequest(router, "GET", "/recovery")
 	// TEST
 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusInternalServerError, w.Code)
 	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "GET /recovery")
@ -83,7 +85,7 @@ func TestPanicWithAbort(t *testing.T) {
 		panic("Oupps, Houston, we have a problem")
 	})
 	// RUN
-	w := PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/recovery")
+	w := PerformRequest(router, "GET", "/recovery")
 	// TEST
 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, w.Code)
 }
@ -120,7 +122,7 @@ func TestPanicWithBrokenPipe(t *testing.T) {

 	for errno, expectMsg := range expectMsgs {
 		t.Run(expectMsg, func(t *testing.T) {
-			var buf strings.Builder
+			var buf bytes.Buffer

 			router := New()
 			router.Use(RecoveryWithWriter(&buf))
@ -134,7 +136,7 @@ func TestPanicWithBrokenPipe(t *testing.T) {
 				panic(e)
 			})
 			// RUN
-			w := PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/recovery")
+			w := PerformRequest(router, "GET", "/recovery")
 			// TEST
 			assert.Equal(t, expectCode, w.Code)
 			assert.Contains(t, strings.ToLower(buf.String()), expectMsg)
@ -143,8 +145,8 @@ func TestPanicWithBrokenPipe(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestCustomRecoveryWithWriter(t *testing.T) {
-	errBuffer := new(strings.Builder)
-	buffer := new(strings.Builder)
+	errBuffer := new(bytes.Buffer)
+	buffer := new(bytes.Buffer)
 	router := New()
 	handleRecovery := func(c *Context, err any) {
 		errBuffer.WriteString(err.(string))
@ -155,7 +157,7 @@ func TestCustomRecoveryWithWriter(t *testing.T) {
 		panic("Oupps, Houston, we have a problem")
 	})
 	// RUN
-	w := PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/recovery")
+	w := PerformRequest(router, "GET", "/recovery")
 	// TEST
 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, w.Code)
 	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "panic recovered")
@ -166,7 +168,7 @@ func TestCustomRecoveryWithWriter(t *testing.T) {
 	// Debug mode prints the request
 	SetMode(DebugMode)
 	// RUN
-	w = PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/recovery")
+	w = PerformRequest(router, "GET", "/recovery")
 	// TEST
 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, w.Code)
 	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "GET /recovery")
@ -177,8 +179,8 @@ func TestCustomRecoveryWithWriter(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestCustomRecovery(t *testing.T) {
-	errBuffer := new(strings.Builder)
-	buffer := new(strings.Builder)
+	errBuffer := new(bytes.Buffer)
+	buffer := new(bytes.Buffer)
 	router := New()
 	DefaultErrorWriter = buffer
 	handleRecovery := func(c *Context, err any) {
@ -190,7 +192,7 @@ func TestCustomRecovery(t *testing.T) {
 		panic("Oupps, Houston, we have a problem")
 	})
 	// RUN
-	w := PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/recovery")
+	w := PerformRequest(router, "GET", "/recovery")
 	// TEST
 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, w.Code)
 	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "panic recovered")
@ -201,7 +203,7 @@ func TestCustomRecovery(t *testing.T) {
 	// Debug mode prints the request
 	SetMode(DebugMode)
 	// RUN
-	w = PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/recovery")
+	w = PerformRequest(router, "GET", "/recovery")
 	// TEST
 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, w.Code)
 	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "GET /recovery")
@ -212,8 +214,8 @@ func TestCustomRecovery(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestRecoveryWithWriterWithCustomRecovery(t *testing.T) {
-	errBuffer := new(strings.Builder)
-	buffer := new(strings.Builder)
+	errBuffer := new(bytes.Buffer)
+	buffer := new(bytes.Buffer)
 	router := New()
 	DefaultErrorWriter = buffer
 	handleRecovery := func(c *Context, err any) {
@ -225,7 +227,7 @@ func TestRecoveryWithWriterWithCustomRecovery(t *testing.T) {
 		panic("Oupps, Houston, we have a problem")
 	})
 	// RUN
-	w := PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/recovery")
+	w := PerformRequest(router, "GET", "/recovery")
 	// TEST
 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, w.Code)
 	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "panic recovered")
@ -236,7 +238,7 @@ func TestRecoveryWithWriterWithCustomRecovery(t *testing.T) {
 	// Debug mode prints the request
 	SetMode(DebugMode)
 	// RUN
-	w = PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/recovery")
+	w = PerformRequest(router, "GET", "/recovery")
 	// TEST
 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, w.Code)
 	assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "GET /recovery")
--- a/render/any.go
+++ b/render/any.go
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// Copyright 2021 Gin Core Team. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a MIT style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+//go:build !go1.18
+// +build !go1.18
+
+package render
+
+type any = interface{}
--- a/render/json.go
+++ b/render/json.go
@ -53,8 +53,11 @@ var (
 )

 // Render (JSON) writes data with custom ContentType.
-func (r JSON) Render(w http.ResponseWriter) error {
-	return WriteJSON(w, r.Data)
+func (r JSON) Render(w http.ResponseWriter) (err error) {
+	if err = WriteJSON(w, r.Data); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return
 }

 // WriteContentType (JSON) writes JSON ContentType.
--- a/render/msgpack.go
+++ b/render/msgpack.go
@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

 //go:build !nomsgpack
+// +build !nomsgpack

 package render

--- a/render/render.go
+++ b/render/render.go
@ -15,22 +15,22 @@ type Render interface {
 }

 var (
-	_ Render     = (*JSON)(nil)
-	_ Render     = (*IndentedJSON)(nil)
-	_ Render     = (*SecureJSON)(nil)
-	_ Render     = (*JsonpJSON)(nil)
-	_ Render     = (*XML)(nil)
-	_ Render     = (*String)(nil)
-	_ Render     = (*Redirect)(nil)
-	_ Render     = (*Data)(nil)
-	_ Render     = (*HTML)(nil)
-	_ HTMLRender = (*HTMLDebug)(nil)
-	_ HTMLRender = (*HTMLProduction)(nil)
-	_ Render     = (*YAML)(nil)
-	_ Render     = (*Reader)(nil)
-	_ Render     = (*AsciiJSON)(nil)
-	_ Render     = (*ProtoBuf)(nil)
-	_ Render     = (*TOML)(nil)
+	_ Render     = JSON{}
+	_ Render     = IndentedJSON{}
+	_ Render     = SecureJSON{}
+	_ Render     = JsonpJSON{}
+	_ Render     = XML{}
+	_ Render     = String{}
+	_ Render     = Redirect{}
+	_ Render     = Data{}
+	_ Render     = HTML{}
+	_ HTMLRender = HTMLDebug{}
+	_ HTMLRender = HTMLProduction{}
+	_ Render     = YAML{}
+	_ Render     = Reader{}
+	_ Render     = AsciiJSON{}
+	_ Render     = ProtoBuf{}
+	_ Render     = TOML{}
 )

 func writeContentType(w http.ResponseWriter, value []string) {
--- a/render/render_msgpack_test.go
+++ b/render/render_msgpack_test.go
@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

 //go:build !nomsgpack
+// +build !nomsgpack

 package render

@ -12,7 +13,6 @@ import (
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 	"github.com/ugorji/go/codec"
 )

@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ func TestRenderMsgPack(t *testing.T) {

 	err := (MsgPack{data}).Render(w)

-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)

 	h := new(codec.MsgpackHandle)
 	assert.NotNil(t, h)
@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ func TestRenderMsgPack(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.NotNil(t, buf)
 	err = codec.NewEncoder(buf, h).Encode(data)

-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, w.Body.String(), buf.String())
 	assert.Equal(t, "application/msgpack; charset=utf-8", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
 }
--- a/render/render_test.go
+++ b/render/render_test.go
@ -8,17 +8,14 @@ import (
 	"encoding/xml"
 	"errors"
 	"html/template"
-	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"

-	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin/internal/json"
 	testdata "github.com/gin-gonic/gin/testdata/protoexample"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
 )

@ -37,17 +34,17 @@ func TestRenderJSON(t *testing.T) {

 	err := (JSON{data}).Render(w)

-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, "{\"foo\":\"bar\",\"html\":\"\\u003cb\\u003e\"}", w.Body.String())
 	assert.Equal(t, "application/json; charset=utf-8", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
 }

-func TestRenderJSONError(t *testing.T) {
+func TestRenderJSONPanics(t *testing.T) {
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	data := make(chan int)

 	// json: unsupported type: chan int
-	require.Error(t, (JSON{data}).Render(w))
+	assert.Panics(t, func() { assert.NoError(t, (JSON{data}).Render(w)) })
 }

 func TestRenderIndentedJSON(t *testing.T) {
@ -59,7 +56,7 @@ func TestRenderIndentedJSON(t *testing.T) {

 	err := (IndentedJSON{data}).Render(w)

-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, "{\n    \"bar\": \"foo\",\n    \"foo\": \"bar\"\n}", w.Body.String())
 	assert.Equal(t, "application/json; charset=utf-8", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
 }
@ -70,7 +67,7 @@ func TestRenderIndentedJSONPanics(t *testing.T) {

 	// json: unsupported type: chan int
 	err := (IndentedJSON{data}).Render(w)
-	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
 }

 func TestRenderSecureJSON(t *testing.T) {
@ -84,7 +81,7 @@ func TestRenderSecureJSON(t *testing.T) {

 	err1 := (SecureJSON{"while(1);", data}).Render(w1)

-	require.NoError(t, err1)
+	assert.NoError(t, err1)
 	assert.Equal(t, "{\"foo\":\"bar\"}", w1.Body.String())
 	assert.Equal(t, "application/json; charset=utf-8", w1.Header().Get("Content-Type"))

@ -96,7 +93,7 @@ func TestRenderSecureJSON(t *testing.T) {
 	}}

 	err2 := (SecureJSON{"while(1);", datas}).Render(w2)
-	require.NoError(t, err2)
+	assert.NoError(t, err2)
 	assert.Equal(t, "while(1);[{\"foo\":\"bar\"},{\"bar\":\"foo\"}]", w2.Body.String())
 	assert.Equal(t, "application/json; charset=utf-8", w2.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
 }
@ -107,7 +104,7 @@ func TestRenderSecureJSONFail(t *testing.T) {

 	// json: unsupported type: chan int
 	err := (SecureJSON{"while(1);", data}).Render(w)
-	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
 }

 func TestRenderJsonpJSON(t *testing.T) {
@ -121,7 +118,7 @@ func TestRenderJsonpJSON(t *testing.T) {

 	err1 := (JsonpJSON{"x", data}).Render(w1)

-	require.NoError(t, err1)
+	assert.NoError(t, err1)
 	assert.Equal(t, "x({\"foo\":\"bar\"});", w1.Body.String())
 	assert.Equal(t, "application/javascript; charset=utf-8", w1.Header().Get("Content-Type"))

@ -133,56 +130,11 @@ func TestRenderJsonpJSON(t *testing.T) {
 	}}

 	err2 := (JsonpJSON{"x", datas}).Render(w2)
-	require.NoError(t, err2)
+	assert.NoError(t, err2)
 	assert.Equal(t, "x([{\"foo\":\"bar\"},{\"bar\":\"foo\"}]);", w2.Body.String())
 	assert.Equal(t, "application/javascript; charset=utf-8", w2.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
 }

-type errorWriter struct {
-	bufString string
-	*httptest.ResponseRecorder
-}
-
-var _ http.ResponseWriter = (*errorWriter)(nil)
-
-func (w *errorWriter) Write(buf []byte) (int, error) {
-	if string(buf) == w.bufString {
-		return 0, errors.New(`write "` + w.bufString + `" error`)
-	}
-	return w.ResponseRecorder.Write(buf)
-}
-
-func TestRenderJsonpJSONError(t *testing.T) {
-	ew := &errorWriter{
-		ResponseRecorder: httptest.NewRecorder(),
-	}
-
-	jsonpJSON := JsonpJSON{
-		Callback: "foo",
-		Data: map[string]string{
-			"foo": "bar",
-		},
-	}
-
-	cb := template.JSEscapeString(jsonpJSON.Callback)
-	ew.bufString = cb
-	err := jsonpJSON.Render(ew) // error was returned while writing callback
-	assert.Equal(t, `write "`+cb+`" error`, err.Error())
-
-	ew.bufString = `(`
-	err = jsonpJSON.Render(ew)
-	assert.Equal(t, `write "`+`(`+`" error`, err.Error())
-
-	data, _ := json.Marshal(jsonpJSON.Data) // error was returned while writing data
-	ew.bufString = string(data)
-	err = jsonpJSON.Render(ew)
-	assert.Equal(t, `write "`+string(data)+`" error`, err.Error())
-
-	ew.bufString = `);`
-	err = jsonpJSON.Render(ew)
-	assert.Equal(t, `write "`+`);`+`" error`, err.Error())
-}
-
 func TestRenderJsonpJSONError2(t *testing.T) {
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	data := map[string]any{
@ -192,7 +144,7 @@ func TestRenderJsonpJSONError2(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, "application/javascript; charset=utf-8", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))

 	e := (JsonpJSON{"", data}).Render(w)
-	require.NoError(t, e)
+	assert.NoError(t, e)

 	assert.Equal(t, "{\"foo\":\"bar\"}", w.Body.String())
 	assert.Equal(t, "application/javascript; charset=utf-8", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
@ -204,7 +156,7 @@ func TestRenderJsonpJSONFail(t *testing.T) {

 	// json: unsupported type: chan int
 	err := (JsonpJSON{"x", data}).Render(w)
-	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
 }

 func TestRenderAsciiJSON(t *testing.T) {
@ -216,15 +168,15 @@ func TestRenderAsciiJSON(t *testing.T) {

 	err := (AsciiJSON{data1}).Render(w1)

-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, "{\"lang\":\"GO\\u8bed\\u8a00\",\"tag\":\"\\u003cbr\\u003e\"}", w1.Body.String())
 	assert.Equal(t, "application/json", w1.Header().Get("Content-Type"))

 	w2 := httptest.NewRecorder()
-	data2 := 3.1415926
+	data2 := float64(3.1415926)

 	err = (AsciiJSON{data2}).Render(w2)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, "3.1415926", w2.Body.String())
 }

@ -233,7 +185,7 @@ func TestRenderAsciiJSONFail(t *testing.T) {
 	data := make(chan int)

 	// json: unsupported type: chan int
-	require.Error(t, (AsciiJSON{data}).Render(w))
+	assert.Error(t, (AsciiJSON{data}).Render(w))
 }

 func TestRenderPureJSON(t *testing.T) {
@ -243,7 +195,7 @@ func TestRenderPureJSON(t *testing.T) {
 		"html": "<b>",
 	}
 	err := (PureJSON{data}).Render(w)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, "{\"foo\":\"bar\",\"html\":\"<b>\"}\n", w.Body.String())
 	assert.Equal(t, "application/json; charset=utf-8", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
 }
@ -281,12 +233,12 @@ b:
 	d: [3, 4]
 	`
 	(YAML{data}).WriteContentType(w)
-	assert.Equal(t, "application/yaml; charset=utf-8", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
+	assert.Equal(t, "application/x-yaml; charset=utf-8", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))

 	err := (YAML{data}).Render(w)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, "|4-\n    a : Easy!\n    b:\n    \tc: 2\n    \td: [3, 4]\n    \t\n", w.Body.String())
-	assert.Equal(t, "application/yaml; charset=utf-8", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "\"\\na : Easy!\\nb:\\n\\tc: 2\\n\\td: [3, 4]\\n\\t\"\n", w.Body.String())
+	assert.Equal(t, "application/x-yaml; charset=utf-8", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
 }

 type fail struct{}
@ -299,28 +251,7 @@ func (ft *fail) MarshalYAML() (any, error) {
 func TestRenderYAMLFail(t *testing.T) {
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	err := (YAML{&fail{}}).Render(w)
-	require.Error(t, err)
-}
-
-func TestRenderTOML(t *testing.T) {
-	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
-	data := map[string]any{
-		"foo":  "bar",
-		"html": "<b>",
-	}
-	(TOML{data}).WriteContentType(w)
-	assert.Equal(t, "application/toml; charset=utf-8", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
-
-	err := (TOML{data}).Render(w)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, "foo = 'bar'\nhtml = '<b>'\n", w.Body.String())
-	assert.Equal(t, "application/toml; charset=utf-8", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
-}
-
-func TestRenderTOMLFail(t *testing.T) {
-	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
-	err := (TOML{net.IPv4bcast}).Render(w)
-	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
 }

 // test Protobuf rendering
@ -335,12 +266,12 @@ func TestRenderProtoBuf(t *testing.T) {

 	(ProtoBuf{data}).WriteContentType(w)
 	protoData, err := proto.Marshal(data)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, "application/x-protobuf", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))

 	err = (ProtoBuf{data}).Render(w)

-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, string(protoData), w.Body.String())
 	assert.Equal(t, "application/x-protobuf", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
 }
@ -349,7 +280,7 @@ func TestRenderProtoBufFail(t *testing.T) {
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	data := &testdata.Test{}
 	err := (ProtoBuf{data}).Render(w)
-	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
 }

 func TestRenderXML(t *testing.T) {
@ -363,14 +294,14 @@ func TestRenderXML(t *testing.T) {

 	err := (XML{data}).Render(w)

-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, "<map><foo>bar</foo></map>", w.Body.String())
 	assert.Equal(t, "application/xml; charset=utf-8", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
 }

 func TestRenderRedirect(t *testing.T) {
-	req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/test-redirect", nil)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/test-redirect", nil)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)

 	data1 := Redirect{
 		Code:     http.StatusMovedPermanently,
@ -380,7 +311,7 @@ func TestRenderRedirect(t *testing.T) {

 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	err = data1.Render(w)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)

 	data2 := Redirect{
 		Code:     http.StatusOK,
@ -391,7 +322,7 @@ func TestRenderRedirect(t *testing.T) {
 	w = httptest.NewRecorder()
 	assert.PanicsWithValue(t, "Cannot redirect with status code 200", func() {
 		err := data2.Render(w)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
 	})

 	data3 := Redirect{
@ -402,7 +333,7 @@ func TestRenderRedirect(t *testing.T) {

 	w = httptest.NewRecorder()
 	err = data3.Render(w)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)

 	// only improve coverage
 	data2.WriteContentType(w)
@ -417,7 +348,7 @@ func TestRenderData(t *testing.T) {
 		Data:        data,
 	}).Render(w)

-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, "#!PNG some raw data", w.Body.String())
 	assert.Equal(t, "image/png", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
 }
@ -436,7 +367,7 @@ func TestRenderString(t *testing.T) {
 		Data:   []any{"manu", 2},
 	}).Render(w)

-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, "hola manu 2", w.Body.String())
 	assert.Equal(t, "text/plain; charset=utf-8", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
 }
@ -449,7 +380,7 @@ func TestRenderStringLenZero(t *testing.T) {
 		Data:   []any{},
 	}).Render(w)

-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, "hola %s %d", w.Body.String())
 	assert.Equal(t, "text/plain; charset=utf-8", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
 }
@ -465,7 +396,7 @@ func TestRenderHTMLTemplate(t *testing.T) {

 	err := instance.Render(w)

-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, "Hello alexandernyquist", w.Body.String())
 	assert.Equal(t, "text/html; charset=utf-8", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
 }
@ -481,7 +412,7 @@ func TestRenderHTMLTemplateEmptyName(t *testing.T) {

 	err := instance.Render(w)

-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, "Hello alexandernyquist", w.Body.String())
 	assert.Equal(t, "text/html; charset=utf-8", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
 }
@ -500,7 +431,7 @@ func TestRenderHTMLDebugFiles(t *testing.T) {

 	err := instance.Render(w)

-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, "<h1>Hello thinkerou</h1>", w.Body.String())
 	assert.Equal(t, "text/html; charset=utf-8", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
 }
@ -519,7 +450,7 @@ func TestRenderHTMLDebugGlob(t *testing.T) {

 	err := instance.Render(w)

-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, "<h1>Hello thinkerou</h1>", w.Body.String())
 	assert.Equal(t, "text/html; charset=utf-8", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
 }
@ -549,7 +480,7 @@ func TestRenderReader(t *testing.T) {
 		Headers:       headers,
 	}).Render(w)

-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, body, w.Body.String())
 	assert.Equal(t, "image/png", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
 	assert.Equal(t, strconv.Itoa(len(body)), w.Header().Get("Content-Length"))
@ -572,23 +503,10 @@ func TestRenderReaderNoContentLength(t *testing.T) {
 		Headers:       headers,
 	}).Render(w)

-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, body, w.Body.String())
 	assert.Equal(t, "image/png", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
 	assert.NotContains(t, "Content-Length", w.Header())
 	assert.Equal(t, headers["Content-Disposition"], w.Header().Get("Content-Disposition"))
 	assert.Equal(t, headers["x-request-id"], w.Header().Get("x-request-id"))
 }
-
-func TestRenderWriteError(t *testing.T) {
-	data := []interface{}{"value1", "value2"}
-	prefix := "my-prefix:"
-	r := SecureJSON{Data: data, Prefix: prefix}
-	ew := &errorWriter{
-		bufString:        prefix,
-		ResponseRecorder: httptest.NewRecorder(),
-	}
-	err := r.Render(ew)
-	require.Error(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, `write "my-prefix:" error`, err.Error())
-}
--- a/render/yaml.go
+++ b/render/yaml.go
@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ package render
 import (
 	"net/http"

-	"gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
+	"gopkg.in/yaml.v2"
 )

 // YAML contains the given interface object.
@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ type YAML struct {
 	Data any
 }

-var yamlContentType = []string{"application/yaml; charset=utf-8"}
+var yamlContentType = []string{"application/x-yaml; charset=utf-8"}

 // Render (YAML) marshals the given interface object and writes data with custom ContentType.
 func (r YAML) Render(w http.ResponseWriter) error {
--- a/response_writer.go
+++ b/response_writer.go
@ -49,11 +49,7 @@ type responseWriter struct {
 	status int
 }

-var _ ResponseWriter = (*responseWriter)(nil)
-
-func (w *responseWriter) Unwrap() http.ResponseWriter {
-	return w.ResponseWriter
-}
+var _ ResponseWriter = &responseWriter{}

 func (w *responseWriter) reset(writer http.ResponseWriter) {
 	w.ResponseWriter = writer
@ -65,7 +61,6 @@ func (w *responseWriter) WriteHeader(code int) {
 	if code > 0 && w.status != code {
 		if w.Written() {
 			debugPrint("[WARNING] Headers were already written. Wanted to override status code %d with %d", w.status, code)
-			return
 		}
 		w.status = code
 	}
--- a/response_writer_test.go
+++ b/response_writer_test.go
@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ import (
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )

 // TODO
@ -31,12 +30,6 @@ func init() {
 	SetMode(TestMode)
 }

-func TestResponseWriterUnwrap(t *testing.T) {
-	testWriter := httptest.NewRecorder()
-	writer := &responseWriter{ResponseWriter: testWriter}
-	assert.Same(t, testWriter, writer.Unwrap())
-}
-
 func TestResponseWriterReset(t *testing.T) {
 	testWriter := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	writer := &responseWriter{}
@ -96,13 +89,13 @@ func TestResponseWriterWrite(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Status())
 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, testWriter.Code)
 	assert.Equal(t, "hola", testWriter.Body.String())
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)

 	n, err = w.Write([]byte(" adios"))
 	assert.Equal(t, 6, n)
 	assert.Equal(t, 10, w.Size())
 	assert.Equal(t, "hola adios", testWriter.Body.String())
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
 }

 func TestResponseWriterHijack(t *testing.T) {
@ -113,7 +106,7 @@ func TestResponseWriterHijack(t *testing.T) {

 	assert.Panics(t, func() {
 		_, _, err := w.Hijack()
-		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
 	})
 	assert.True(t, w.Written())

@ -136,54 +129,6 @@ func TestResponseWriterFlush(t *testing.T) {

 	// should return 500
 	resp, err := http.Get(testServer.URL)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusInternalServerError, resp.StatusCode)
 }
-
-func TestResponseWriterStatusCode(t *testing.T) {
-	testWriter := httptest.NewRecorder()
-	writer := &responseWriter{}
-	writer.reset(testWriter)
-	w := ResponseWriter(writer)
-
-	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
-	w.WriteHeaderNow()
-
-	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Status())
-	assert.True(t, w.Written())
-
-	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusUnauthorized)
-
-	// status must be 200 although we tried to change it
-	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Status())
-}
-
-// mockPusherResponseWriter is an http.ResponseWriter that implements http.Pusher.
-type mockPusherResponseWriter struct {
-	http.ResponseWriter
-}
-
-func (m *mockPusherResponseWriter) Push(target string, opts *http.PushOptions) error {
-	return nil
-}
-
-// nonPusherResponseWriter is an http.ResponseWriter that does not implement http.Pusher.
-type nonPusherResponseWriter struct {
-	http.ResponseWriter
-}
-
-func TestPusherWithPusher(t *testing.T) {
-	rw := &mockPusherResponseWriter{}
-	w := &responseWriter{ResponseWriter: rw}
-
-	pusher := w.Pusher()
-	assert.NotNil(t, pusher, "Expected pusher to be non-nil")
-}
-
-func TestPusherWithoutPusher(t *testing.T) {
-	rw := &nonPusherResponseWriter{}
-	w := &responseWriter{ResponseWriter: rw}
-
-	pusher := w.Pusher()
-	assert.Nil(t, pusher, "Expected pusher to be nil")
-}
--- a/routergroup.go
+++ b/routergroup.go
@ -42,7 +42,6 @@ type IRoutes interface {
 	PUT(string, ...HandlerFunc) IRoutes
 	OPTIONS(string, ...HandlerFunc) IRoutes
 	HEAD(string, ...HandlerFunc) IRoutes
-	Match([]string, string, ...HandlerFunc) IRoutes

 	StaticFile(string, string) IRoutes
 	StaticFileFS(string, string, http.FileSystem) IRoutes
@ -59,7 +58,7 @@ type RouterGroup struct {
 	root     bool
 }

-var _ IRouter = (*RouterGroup)(nil)
+var _ IRouter = &RouterGroup{}

 // Use adds middleware to the group, see example code in GitHub.
 func (group *RouterGroup) Use(middleware ...HandlerFunc) IRoutes {
@ -107,37 +106,37 @@ func (group *RouterGroup) Handle(httpMethod, relativePath string, handlers ...Ha
 	return group.handle(httpMethod, relativePath, handlers)
 }

-// POST is a shortcut for router.Handle("POST", path, handlers).
+// POST is a shortcut for router.Handle("POST", path, handle).
 func (group *RouterGroup) POST(relativePath string, handlers ...HandlerFunc) IRoutes {
 	return group.handle(http.MethodPost, relativePath, handlers)
 }

-// GET is a shortcut for router.Handle("GET", path, handlers).
+// GET is a shortcut for router.Handle("GET", path, handle).
 func (group *RouterGroup) GET(relativePath string, handlers ...HandlerFunc) IRoutes {
 	return group.handle(http.MethodGet, relativePath, handlers)
 }

-// DELETE is a shortcut for router.Handle("DELETE", path, handlers).
+// DELETE is a shortcut for router.Handle("DELETE", path, handle).
 func (group *RouterGroup) DELETE(relativePath string, handlers ...HandlerFunc) IRoutes {
 	return group.handle(http.MethodDelete, relativePath, handlers)
 }

-// PATCH is a shortcut for router.Handle("PATCH", path, handlers).
+// PATCH is a shortcut for router.Handle("PATCH", path, handle).
 func (group *RouterGroup) PATCH(relativePath string, handlers ...HandlerFunc) IRoutes {
 	return group.handle(http.MethodPatch, relativePath, handlers)
 }

-// PUT is a shortcut for router.Handle("PUT", path, handlers).
+// PUT is a shortcut for router.Handle("PUT", path, handle).
 func (group *RouterGroup) PUT(relativePath string, handlers ...HandlerFunc) IRoutes {
 	return group.handle(http.MethodPut, relativePath, handlers)
 }

-// OPTIONS is a shortcut for router.Handle("OPTIONS", path, handlers).
+// OPTIONS is a shortcut for router.Handle("OPTIONS", path, handle).
 func (group *RouterGroup) OPTIONS(relativePath string, handlers ...HandlerFunc) IRoutes {
 	return group.handle(http.MethodOptions, relativePath, handlers)
 }

-// HEAD is a shortcut for router.Handle("HEAD", path, handlers).
+// HEAD is a shortcut for router.Handle("HEAD", path, handle).
 func (group *RouterGroup) HEAD(relativePath string, handlers ...HandlerFunc) IRoutes {
 	return group.handle(http.MethodHead, relativePath, handlers)
 }
@ -152,15 +151,6 @@ func (group *RouterGroup) Any(relativePath string, handlers ...HandlerFunc) IRou
 	return group.returnObj()
 }

-// Match registers a route that matches the specified methods that you declared.
-func (group *RouterGroup) Match(methods []string, relativePath string, handlers ...HandlerFunc) IRoutes {
-	for _, method := range methods {
-		group.handle(method, relativePath, handlers)
-	}
-
-	return group.returnObj()
-}
-
 // StaticFile registers a single route in order to serve a single file of the local filesystem.
 // router.StaticFile("favicon.ico", "./resources/favicon.ico")
 func (group *RouterGroup) StaticFile(relativePath, filepath string) IRoutes {
@ -171,7 +161,7 @@ func (group *RouterGroup) StaticFile(relativePath, filepath string) IRoutes {

 // StaticFileFS works just like `StaticFile` but a custom `http.FileSystem` can be used instead..
 // router.StaticFileFS("favicon.ico", "./resources/favicon.ico", Dir{".", false})
-// Gin by default uses: gin.Dir()
+// Gin by default user: gin.Dir()
 func (group *RouterGroup) StaticFileFS(relativePath, filepath string, fs http.FileSystem) IRoutes {
 	return group.staticFileHandler(relativePath, func(c *Context) {
 		c.FileFromFS(filepath, fs)
@ -192,14 +182,13 @@ func (group *RouterGroup) staticFileHandler(relativePath string, handler Handler
 // of the Router's NotFound handler.
 // To use the operating system's file system implementation,
 // use :
-//
-//	router.Static("/static", "/var/www")
+//     router.Static("/static", "/var/www")
 func (group *RouterGroup) Static(relativePath, root string) IRoutes {
 	return group.StaticFS(relativePath, Dir(root, false))
 }

 // StaticFS works just like `Static()` but a custom `http.FileSystem` can be used instead.
-// Gin by default uses: gin.Dir()
+// Gin by default user: gin.Dir()
 func (group *RouterGroup) StaticFS(relativePath string, fs http.FileSystem) IRoutes {
 	if strings.Contains(relativePath, ":") || strings.Contains(relativePath, "*") {
 		panic("URL parameters can not be used when serving a static folder")
@ -218,7 +207,7 @@ func (group *RouterGroup) createStaticHandler(relativePath string, fs http.FileS
 	fileServer := http.StripPrefix(absolutePath, http.FileServer(fs))

 	return func(c *Context) {
-		if _, noListing := fs.(*OnlyFilesFS); noListing {
+		if _, noListing := fs.(*onlyFilesFS); noListing {
 			c.Writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotFound)
 		}

--- a/routergroup_test.go
+++ b/routergroup_test.go
@ -186,7 +186,6 @@ func testRoutesInterface(t *testing.T, r IRoutes) {
 	assert.Equal(t, r, r.PUT("/", handler))
 	assert.Equal(t, r, r.OPTIONS("/", handler))
 	assert.Equal(t, r, r.HEAD("/", handler))
-	assert.Equal(t, r, r.Match([]string{http.MethodPut, http.MethodPatch}, "/match", handler))

 	assert.Equal(t, r, r.StaticFile("/file", "."))
 	assert.Equal(t, r, r.StaticFileFS("/static2", ".", Dir(".", false)))
--- a/routes_test.go
+++ b/routes_test.go
@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ package gin

 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"io/ioutil"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
 	"os"
@ -13,7 +14,6 @@ import (
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )

 type header struct {
@ -181,58 +181,10 @@ func TestRouteRedirectTrailingSlash(t *testing.T) {

 	w = PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/path2", header{Key: "X-Forwarded-Prefix", Value: "/api"})
 	assert.Equal(t, "/api/path2/", w.Header().Get("Location"))
-	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusMovedPermanently, w.Code)
+	assert.Equal(t, 301, w.Code)

 	w = PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/path2/", header{Key: "X-Forwarded-Prefix", Value: "/api/"})
-	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
-
-	w = PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/path/", header{Key: "X-Forwarded-Prefix", Value: "../../api#?"})
-	assert.Equal(t, "/api/path", w.Header().Get("Location"))
-	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusMovedPermanently, w.Code)
-
-	w = PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/path/", header{Key: "X-Forwarded-Prefix", Value: "../../api"})
-	assert.Equal(t, "/api/path", w.Header().Get("Location"))
-	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusMovedPermanently, w.Code)
-
-	w = PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/path2", header{Key: "X-Forwarded-Prefix", Value: "../../api"})
-	assert.Equal(t, "/api/path2/", w.Header().Get("Location"))
-	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusMovedPermanently, w.Code)
-
-	w = PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/path2", header{Key: "X-Forwarded-Prefix", Value: "/../../api"})
-	assert.Equal(t, "/api/path2/", w.Header().Get("Location"))
-	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusMovedPermanently, w.Code)
-
-	w = PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/path/", header{Key: "X-Forwarded-Prefix", Value: "api/../../"})
-	assert.Equal(t, "//path", w.Header().Get("Location"))
-	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusMovedPermanently, w.Code)
-
-	w = PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/path/", header{Key: "X-Forwarded-Prefix", Value: "api/../../../"})
-	assert.Equal(t, "/path", w.Header().Get("Location"))
-	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusMovedPermanently, w.Code)
-
-	w = PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/path2", header{Key: "X-Forwarded-Prefix", Value: "../../gin-gonic.com"})
-	assert.Equal(t, "/gin-goniccom/path2/", w.Header().Get("Location"))
-	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusMovedPermanently, w.Code)
-
-	w = PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/path2", header{Key: "X-Forwarded-Prefix", Value: "/../../gin-gonic.com"})
-	assert.Equal(t, "/gin-goniccom/path2/", w.Header().Get("Location"))
-	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusMovedPermanently, w.Code)
-
-	w = PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/path/", header{Key: "X-Forwarded-Prefix", Value: "https://gin-gonic.com/#"})
-	assert.Equal(t, "https/gin-goniccom/https/gin-goniccom/path", w.Header().Get("Location"))
-	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusMovedPermanently, w.Code)
-
-	w = PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/path/", header{Key: "X-Forwarded-Prefix", Value: "#api"})
-	assert.Equal(t, "api/api/path", w.Header().Get("Location"))
-	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusMovedPermanently, w.Code)
-
-	w = PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/path/", header{Key: "X-Forwarded-Prefix", Value: "/nor-mal/#?a=1"})
-	assert.Equal(t, "/nor-mal/a1/path", w.Header().Get("Location"))
-	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusMovedPermanently, w.Code)
-
-	w = PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/path/", header{Key: "X-Forwarded-Prefix", Value: "/nor-mal/%2e%2e/"})
-	assert.Equal(t, "/nor-mal/2e2e/path", w.Header().Get("Location"))
-	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusMovedPermanently, w.Code)
+	assert.Equal(t, 200, w.Code)

 	router.RedirectTrailingSlash = false

@ -338,56 +290,17 @@ func TestRouteParamsByNameWithExtraSlash(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, "/is/super/great", wild)
 }

-// TestRouteParamsNotEmpty tests that context parameters will be set
-// even if a route with params/wildcards is registered after the context
-// initialisation (which happened in a previous requests).
-func TestRouteParamsNotEmpty(t *testing.T) {
-	name := ""
-	lastName := ""
-	wild := ""
-	router := New()
-
-	w := PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/test/john/smith/is/super/great")
-
-	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusNotFound, w.Code)
-
-	router.GET("/test/:name/:last_name/*wild", func(c *Context) {
-		name = c.Params.ByName("name")
-		lastName = c.Params.ByName("last_name")
-		var ok bool
-		wild, ok = c.Params.Get("wild")
-
-		assert.True(t, ok)
-		assert.Equal(t, name, c.Param("name"))
-		assert.Equal(t, lastName, c.Param("last_name"))
-
-		assert.Empty(t, c.Param("wtf"))
-		assert.Empty(t, c.Params.ByName("wtf"))
-
-		wtf, ok := c.Params.Get("wtf")
-		assert.Empty(t, wtf)
-		assert.False(t, ok)
-	})
-
-	w = PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/test/john/smith/is/super/great")
-
-	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
-	assert.Equal(t, "john", name)
-	assert.Equal(t, "smith", lastName)
-	assert.Equal(t, "/is/super/great", wild)
-}
-
 // TestHandleStaticFile - ensure the static file handles properly
 func TestRouteStaticFile(t *testing.T) {
 	// SETUP file
 	testRoot, _ := os.Getwd()
-	f, err := os.CreateTemp(testRoot, "")
+	f, err := ioutil.TempFile(testRoot, "")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Error(err)
 	}
 	defer os.Remove(f.Name())
 	_, err = f.WriteString("Gin Web Framework")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	f.Close()

 	dir, filename := filepath.Split(f.Name())
@ -416,13 +329,13 @@ func TestRouteStaticFile(t *testing.T) {
 func TestRouteStaticFileFS(t *testing.T) {
 	// SETUP file
 	testRoot, _ := os.Getwd()
-	f, err := os.CreateTemp(testRoot, "")
+	f, err := ioutil.TempFile(testRoot, "")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Error(err)
 	}
 	defer os.Remove(f.Name())
 	_, err = f.WriteString("Gin Web Framework")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	f.Close()

 	dir, filename := filepath.Split(f.Name())
@ -485,7 +398,7 @@ func TestRouterMiddlewareAndStatic(t *testing.T) {
 	// Content-Type='text/plain; charset=utf-8' when go version <= 1.16,
 	// else, Content-Type='text/x-go; charset=utf-8'
 	assert.NotEqual(t, "", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
-	assert.NotEqual(t, "Mon, 02 Jan 2006 15:04:05 MST", w.Header().Get("Last-Modified"))
+	assert.NotEqual(t, w.Header().Get("Last-Modified"), "Mon, 02 Jan 2006 15:04:05 MST")
 	assert.Equal(t, "Mon, 02 Jan 2006 15:04:05 MST", w.Header().Get("Expires"))
 	assert.Equal(t, "Gin Framework", w.Header().Get("x-GIN"))
 }
@ -515,18 +428,6 @@ func TestRouteNotAllowedEnabled2(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, w.Code)
 }

-func TestRouteNotAllowedEnabled3(t *testing.T) {
-	router := New()
-	router.HandleMethodNotAllowed = true
-	router.GET("/path", func(c *Context) {})
-	router.POST("/path", func(c *Context) {})
-	w := PerformRequest(router, http.MethodPut, "/path")
-	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, w.Code)
-	allowed := w.Header().Get("Allow")
-	assert.Contains(t, allowed, http.MethodGet)
-	assert.Contains(t, allowed, http.MethodPost)
-}
-
 func TestRouteNotAllowedDisabled(t *testing.T) {
 	router := New()
 	router.HandleMethodNotAllowed = false
@ -557,10 +458,10 @@ func TestRouterNotFoundWithRemoveExtraSlash(t *testing.T) {
 		{"/nope", http.StatusNotFound, ""}, // NotFound
 	}
 	for _, tr := range testRoutes {
-		w := PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, tr.route)
+		w := PerformRequest(router, "GET", tr.route)
 		assert.Equal(t, tr.code, w.Code)
 		if w.Code != http.StatusNotFound {
-			assert.Equal(t, tr.location, w.Header().Get("Location"))
+			assert.Equal(t, tr.location, fmt.Sprint(w.Header().Get("Location")))
 		}
 	}
 }
@ -590,7 +491,7 @@ func TestRouterNotFound(t *testing.T) {
 		w := PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, tr.route)
 		assert.Equal(t, tr.code, w.Code)
 		if w.Code != http.StatusNotFound {
-			assert.Equal(t, tr.location, w.Header().Get("Location"))
+			assert.Equal(t, tr.location, fmt.Sprint(w.Header().Get("Location")))
 		}
 	}

@ -620,11 +521,11 @@ func TestRouterNotFound(t *testing.T) {
 	router = New()
 	router.NoRoute(func(c *Context) {
 		if c.Request.RequestURI == "/login" {
-			c.String(http.StatusOK, "login")
+			c.String(200, "login")
 		}
 	})
 	router.GET("/logout", func(c *Context) {
-		c.String(http.StatusOK, "logout")
+		c.String(200, "logout")
 	})
 	w = PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/login")
 	assert.Equal(t, "login", w.Body.String())
@ -636,7 +537,7 @@ func TestRouterStaticFSNotFound(t *testing.T) {
 	router := New()
 	router.StaticFS("/", http.FileSystem(http.Dir("/thisreallydoesntexist/")))
 	router.NoRoute(func(c *Context) {
-		c.String(http.StatusNotFound, "non existent")
+		c.String(404, "non existent")
 	})

 	w := PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/nonexistent")
@ -719,12 +620,12 @@ func TestRouteRawPathNoUnescape(t *testing.T) {
 func TestRouteServeErrorWithWriteHeader(t *testing.T) {
 	route := New()
 	route.Use(func(c *Context) {
-		c.Status(http.StatusMisdirectedRequest)
+		c.Status(421)
 		c.Next()
 	})

 	w := PerformRequest(route, http.MethodGet, "/NotFound")
-	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusMisdirectedRequest, w.Code)
+	assert.Equal(t, 421, w.Code)
 	assert.Equal(t, 0, w.Body.Len())
 }

@ -770,22 +671,3 @@ func TestRouteContextHoldsFullPath(t *testing.T) {
 	w := PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/not-found")
 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusNotFound, w.Code)
 }
-
-func TestEngineHandleMethodNotAllowedCornerCase(t *testing.T) {
-	r := New()
-	r.HandleMethodNotAllowed = true
-
-	base := r.Group("base")
-	base.GET("/metrics", handlerTest1)
-
-	v1 := base.Group("v1")
-
-	v1.GET("/:id/devices", handlerTest1)
-	v1.GET("/user/:id/groups", handlerTest1)
-
-	v1.GET("/orgs/:id", handlerTest1)
-	v1.DELETE("/orgs/:id", handlerTest1)
-
-	w := PerformRequest(r, http.MethodGet, "/base/v1/user/groups")
-	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusNotFound, w.Code)
-}
--- a/test_helpers.go
+++ b/test_helpers.go
@ -9,15 +9,7 @@ import "net/http"
 // CreateTestContext returns a fresh engine and context for testing purposes
 func CreateTestContext(w http.ResponseWriter) (c *Context, r *Engine) {
 	r = New()
-	c = r.allocateContext(0)
-	c.reset()
-	c.writermem.reset(w)
-	return
-}
-
-// CreateTestContextOnly returns a fresh context base on the engine for testing purposes
-func CreateTestContextOnly(w http.ResponseWriter, r *Engine) (c *Context) {
-	c = r.allocateContext(r.maxParams)
+	c = r.allocateContext()
 	c.reset()
 	c.writermem.reset(w)
 	return
--- a/testdata/protoexample/any.go
+++ b/testdata/protoexample/any.go
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// Copyright 2021 Gin Core Team. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a MIT style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+//go:build !go1.18
+// +build !go1.18
+
+package protoexample
+
+type any = interface{}
--- a/tree.go
+++ b/tree.go
@ -65,10 +65,17 @@ func (trees methodTrees) get(method string) *node {
 	return nil
 }

+func min(a, b int) int {
+	if a <= b {
+		return a
+	}
+	return b
+}
+
 func longestCommonPrefix(a, b string) int {
 	i := 0
-	max_ := min(len(a), len(b))
-	for i < max_ && a[i] == b[i] {
+	max := min(len(a), len(b))
+	for i < max && a[i] == b[i] {
 		i++
 	}
 	return i
@ -100,8 +107,7 @@ func countSections(path string) uint16 {
 type nodeType uint8

 const (
-	static nodeType = iota
-	root
+	root nodeType = iota + 1
 	param
 	catchAll
 )
@ -167,7 +173,6 @@ walk:
 			child := node{
 				path:      n.path[i:],
 				wildChild: n.wildChild,
-				nType:     static,
 				indices:   n.indices,
 				children:  n.children,
 				handlers:  n.handlers,
@ -198,7 +203,7 @@ walk:
 			}

 			// Check if a child with the next path byte exists
-			for i, max_ := 0, len(n.indices); i < max_; i++ {
+			for i, max := 0, len(n.indices); i < max; i++ {
 				if c == n.indices[i] {
 					parentFullPathIndex += len(n.path)
 					i = n.incrementChildPrio(i)
@ -262,19 +267,7 @@ walk:
 // Returns -1 as index, if no wildcard was found.
 func findWildcard(path string) (wildcard string, i int, valid bool) {
 	// Find start
-	escapeColon := false
 	for start, c := range []byte(path) {
-		if escapeColon {
-			escapeColon = false
-			if c == ':' {
-				continue
-			}
-			panic("invalid escape string in path '" + path + "'")
-		}
-		if c == '\\' {
-			escapeColon = true
-			continue
-		}
 		// A wildcard starts with ':' (param) or '*' (catch-all)
 		if c != ':' && c != '*' {
 			continue
@ -356,10 +349,7 @@ func (n *node) insertChild(path string, fullPath string, handlers HandlersChain)
 		}

 		if len(n.path) > 0 && n.path[len(n.path)-1] == '/' {
-			pathSeg := ""
-			if len(n.children) != 0 {
-				pathSeg = strings.SplitN(n.children[0].path, "/", 2)[0]
-			}
+			pathSeg := strings.SplitN(n.children[0].path, "/", 2)[0]
 			panic("catch-all wildcard '" + path +
 				"' in new path '" + fullPath +
 				"' conflicts with existing path segment '" + pathSeg +
@ -369,7 +359,7 @@ func (n *node) insertChild(path string, fullPath string, handlers HandlersChain)

 		// currently fixed width 1 for '/'
 		i--
-		if i < 0 || path[i] != '/' {
+		if path[i] != '/' {
 			panic("no / before catch-all in path '" + fullPath + "'")
 		}

@ -465,11 +455,11 @@ walk: // Outer loop for walking the tree

 				if !n.wildChild {
 					// If the path at the end of the loop is not equal to '/' and the current node has no child nodes
-					// the current node needs to roll back to last valid skippedNode
+					// the current node needs to roll back to last vaild skippedNode
 					if path != "/" {
-						for length := len(*skippedNodes); length > 0; length-- {
-							skippedNode := (*skippedNodes)[length-1]
-							*skippedNodes = (*skippedNodes)[:length-1]
+						for l := len(*skippedNodes); l > 0; {
+							skippedNode := (*skippedNodes)[l-1]
+							*skippedNodes = (*skippedNodes)[:l-1]
 							if strings.HasSuffix(skippedNode.path, path) {
 								path = skippedNode.path
 								n = skippedNode.node
@ -486,7 +476,7 @@ walk: // Outer loop for walking the tree
 					// We can recommend to redirect to the same URL without a
 					// trailing slash if a leaf exists for that path.
 					value.tsr = path == "/" && n.handlers != nil
-					return value
+					return
 				}

 				// Handle wildcard child, which is always at the end of the array
@ -505,14 +495,7 @@ walk: // Outer loop for walking the tree
 					}

 					// Save param value
-					if params != nil {
-						// Preallocate capacity if necessary
-						if cap(*params) < int(globalParamsCount) {
-							newParams := make(Params, len(*params), globalParamsCount)
-							copy(newParams, *params)
-							*params = newParams
-						}
-
+					if params != nil && cap(*params) > 0 {
 						if value.params == nil {
 							value.params = params
 						}
@ -541,12 +524,12 @@ walk: // Outer loop for walking the tree

 						// ... but we can't
 						value.tsr = len(path) == end+1
-						return value
+						return
 					}

 					if value.handlers = n.handlers; value.handlers != nil {
 						value.fullPath = n.fullPath
-						return value
+						return
 					}
 					if len(n.children) == 1 {
 						// No handle found. Check if a handle for this path + a
@ -554,18 +537,11 @@ walk: // Outer loop for walking the tree
 						n = n.children[0]
 						value.tsr = (n.path == "/" && n.handlers != nil) || (n.path == "" && n.indices == "/")
 					}
-					return value
+					return

 				case catchAll:
 					// Save param value
 					if params != nil {
-						// Preallocate capacity if necessary
-						if cap(*params) < int(globalParamsCount) {
-							newParams := make(Params, len(*params), globalParamsCount)
-							copy(newParams, *params)
-							*params = newParams
-						}
-
 						if value.params == nil {
 							value.params = params
 						}
@ -586,7 +562,7 @@ walk: // Outer loop for walking the tree

 					value.handlers = n.handlers
 					value.fullPath = n.fullPath
-					return value
+					return

 				default:
 					panic("invalid node type")
@ -596,11 +572,11 @@ walk: // Outer loop for walking the tree

 		if path == prefix {
 			// If the current path does not equal '/' and the node does not have a registered handle and the most recently matched node has a child node
-			// the current node needs to roll back to last valid skippedNode
+			// the current node needs to roll back to last vaild skippedNode
 			if n.handlers == nil && path != "/" {
-				for length := len(*skippedNodes); length > 0; length-- {
-					skippedNode := (*skippedNodes)[length-1]
-					*skippedNodes = (*skippedNodes)[:length-1]
+				for l := len(*skippedNodes); l > 0; {
+					skippedNode := (*skippedNodes)[l-1]
+					*skippedNodes = (*skippedNodes)[:l-1]
 					if strings.HasSuffix(skippedNode.path, path) {
 						path = skippedNode.path
 						n = skippedNode.node
@ -617,7 +593,7 @@ walk: // Outer loop for walking the tree
 			// Check if this node has a handle registered.
 			if value.handlers = n.handlers; value.handlers != nil {
 				value.fullPath = n.fullPath
-				return value
+				return
 			}

 			// If there is no handle for this route, but this route has a
@ -625,12 +601,7 @@ walk: // Outer loop for walking the tree
 			// additional trailing slash
 			if path == "/" && n.wildChild && n.nType != root {
 				value.tsr = true
-				return value
-			}
-
-			if path == "/" && n.nType == static {
-				value.tsr = true
-				return value
+				return
 			}

 			// No handle found. Check if a handle for this path + a
@ -640,11 +611,11 @@ walk: // Outer loop for walking the tree
 					n = n.children[i]
 					value.tsr = (len(n.path) == 1 && n.handlers != nil) ||
 						(n.nType == catchAll && n.children[0].handlers != nil)
-					return value
+					return
 				}
 			}

-			return value
+			return
 		}

 		// Nothing found. We can recommend to redirect to the same URL with an
@ -655,9 +626,9 @@ walk: // Outer loop for walking the tree

 		// roll back to last valid skippedNode
 		if !value.tsr && path != "/" {
-			for length := len(*skippedNodes); length > 0; length-- {
-				skippedNode := (*skippedNodes)[length-1]
-				*skippedNodes = (*skippedNodes)[:length-1]
+			for l := len(*skippedNodes); l > 0; {
+				skippedNode := (*skippedNodes)[l-1]
+				*skippedNodes = (*skippedNodes)[:l-1]
 				if strings.HasSuffix(skippedNode.path, path) {
 					path = skippedNode.path
 					n = skippedNode.node
@ -670,7 +641,7 @@ walk: // Outer loop for walking the tree
 			}
 		}

-		return value
+		return
 	}
 }

@ -775,7 +746,7 @@ walk: // Outer loop for walking the tree
 				// Runes are up to 4 byte long,
 				// -4 would definitely be another rune.
 				var off int
-				for max_ := min(npLen, 3); off < max_; off++ {
+				for max := min(npLen, 3); off < max; off++ {
 					if i := npLen - off; utf8.RuneStart(oldPath[i]) {
 						// read rune from cached path
 						rv, _ = utf8.DecodeRuneInString(oldPath[i:])
--- a/tree_test.go
+++ b/tree_test.go
@ -192,7 +192,6 @@ func TestTreeWildcard(t *testing.T) {
 		"/get/abc/123abg/:param",
 		"/get/abc/123abf/:param",
 		"/get/abc/123abfff/:param",
-		"/get/abc/escaped_colon/test\\:param",
 	}
 	for _, route := range routes {
 		tree.addRoute(route, fakeHandler(route))
@ -316,7 +315,6 @@ func TestTreeWildcard(t *testing.T) {
 		{"/get/abc/123abg/test", false, "/get/abc/123abg/:param", Params{Param{Key: "param", Value: "test"}}},
 		{"/get/abc/123abf/testss", false, "/get/abc/123abf/:param", Params{Param{Key: "param", Value: "testss"}}},
 		{"/get/abc/123abfff/te", false, "/get/abc/123abfff/:param", Params{Param{Key: "param", Value: "te"}}},
-		{"/get/abc/escaped_colon/test\\:param", false, "/get/abc/escaped_colon/test\\:param", nil},
 	})

 	checkPriorities(t, tree)
@ -419,11 +417,6 @@ func TestTreeWildcardConflict(t *testing.T) {
 		{"/user_:name", false},
 		{"/id:id", false},
 		{"/id/:id", false},
-		{"/static/*file", false},
-		{"/static/", true},
-		{"/escape/test\\:d1", false},
-		{"/escape/test\\:d2", false},
-		{"/escape/test:param", false},
 	}
 	testRoutes(t, routes)
 }
@ -691,26 +684,6 @@ func TestTreeRootTrailingSlashRedirect(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

-func TestRedirectTrailingSlash(t *testing.T) {
-	var data = []struct {
-		path string
-	}{
-		{"/hello/:name"},
-		{"/hello/:name/123"},
-		{"/hello/:name/234"},
-	}
-
-	node := &node{}
-	for _, item := range data {
-		node.addRoute(item.path, fakeHandler("test"))
-	}
-
-	value := node.getValue("/hello/abx/", nil, getSkippedNodes(), false)
-	if value.tsr != true {
-		t.Fatalf("want true, is false")
-	}
-}
-
 func TestTreeFindCaseInsensitivePath(t *testing.T) {
 	tree := &node{}

@ -900,9 +873,9 @@ func TestTreeInvalidNodeType(t *testing.T) {

 func TestTreeInvalidParamsType(t *testing.T) {
 	tree := &node{}
-	// add a child with wildcard
-	route := "/:path"
-	tree.addRoute(route, fakeHandler(route))
+	tree.wildChild = true
+	tree.children = append(tree.children, &node{})
+	tree.children[0].nType = 2

 	// set invalid Params type
 	params := make(Params, 0)
@ -911,34 +884,6 @@ func TestTreeInvalidParamsType(t *testing.T) {
 	tree.getValue("/test", &params, getSkippedNodes(), false)
 }

-func TestTreeExpandParamsCapacity(t *testing.T) {
-	data := []struct {
-		path string
-	}{
-		{"/:path"},
-		{"/*path"},
-	}
-
-	for _, item := range data {
-		tree := &node{}
-		tree.addRoute(item.path, fakeHandler(item.path))
-		params := make(Params, 0)
-
-		value := tree.getValue("/test", &params, getSkippedNodes(), false)
-
-		if value.params == nil {
-			t.Errorf("Expected %s params to be set, but they weren't", item.path)
-			continue
-		}
-
-		if len(*value.params) != 1 {
-			t.Errorf("Wrong number of %s params: got %d, want %d",
-				item.path, len(*value.params), 1)
-			continue
-		}
-	}
-}
-
 func TestTreeWildcardConflictEx(t *testing.T) {
 	conflicts := [...]struct {
 		route        string
@ -976,45 +921,3 @@ func TestTreeWildcardConflictEx(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 }
-
-func TestTreeInvalidEscape(t *testing.T) {
-	routes := map[string]bool{
-		"/r1/r":    true,
-		"/r2/:r":   true,
-		"/r3/\\:r": true,
-	}
-	tree := &node{}
-	for route, valid := range routes {
-		recv := catchPanic(func() {
-			tree.addRoute(route, fakeHandler(route))
-		})
-		if recv == nil != valid {
-			t.Fatalf("%s should be %t but got %v", route, valid, recv)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func TestWildcardInvalidSlash(t *testing.T) {
-	const panicMsgPrefix = "no / before catch-all in path"
-
-	routes := map[string]bool{
-		"/foo/bar":  true,
-		"/foo/x*zy": false,
-		"/foo/b*r":  false,
-	}
-
-	for route, valid := range routes {
-		tree := &node{}
-		recv := catchPanic(func() {
-			tree.addRoute(route, nil)
-		})
-
-		if recv == nil != valid {
-			t.Fatalf("%s should be %t but got %v", route, valid, recv)
-		}
-
-		if rs, ok := recv.(string); recv != nil && (!ok || !strings.HasPrefix(rs, panicMsgPrefix)) {
-			t.Fatalf(`"Expected panic "%s" for route '%s', got "%v"`, panicMsgPrefix, route, recv)
-		}
-	}
-}
--- a/utils.go
+++ b/utils.go
@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ func WrapH(h http.Handler) HandlerFunc {
 	}
 }

-// H is a shortcut for map[string]any
+// H is a shortcut for map[string]interface{}
 type H map[string]any

 // MarshalXML allows type H to be used with xml.Marshal.
--- a/utils_test.go
+++ b/utils_test.go
@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ type testStruct struct {
 }

 func (t *testStruct) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
-	assert.Equal(t.T, http.MethodPost, req.Method)
+	assert.Equal(t.T, "POST", req.Method)
 	assert.Equal(t.T, "/path", req.URL.Path)
 	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	fmt.Fprint(w, "hello")
@ -39,17 +39,17 @@ func TestWrap(t *testing.T) {
 	router := New()
 	router.POST("/path", WrapH(&testStruct{t}))
 	router.GET("/path2", WrapF(func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
-		assert.Equal(t, http.MethodGet, req.Method)
+		assert.Equal(t, "GET", req.Method)
 		assert.Equal(t, "/path2", req.URL.Path)
 		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadRequest)
 		fmt.Fprint(w, "hola!")
 	}))

-	w := PerformRequest(router, http.MethodPost, "/path")
+	w := PerformRequest(router, "POST", "/path")
 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusInternalServerError, w.Code)
 	assert.Equal(t, "hello", w.Body.String())

-	w = PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/path2")
+	w = PerformRequest(router, "GET", "/path2")
 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, w.Code)
 	assert.Equal(t, "hola!", w.Body.String())
 }
@ -119,13 +119,13 @@ func TestBindMiddleware(t *testing.T) {
 		called = true
 		value = c.MustGet(BindKey).(*bindTestStruct)
 	})
-	PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/?foo=hola&bar=10")
+	PerformRequest(router, "GET", "/?foo=hola&bar=10")
 	assert.True(t, called)
 	assert.Equal(t, "hola", value.Foo)
 	assert.Equal(t, 10, value.Bar)

 	called = false
-	PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/?foo=hola&bar=1")
+	PerformRequest(router, "GET", "/?foo=hola&bar=1")
 	assert.False(t, called)

 	assert.Panics(t, func() {
@ -145,6 +145,6 @@ func TestMarshalXMLforH(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestIsASCII(t *testing.T) {
-	assert.True(t, isASCII("test"))
-	assert.False(t, isASCII("🧡💛💚💙💜"))
+	assert.Equal(t, isASCII("test"), true)
+	assert.Equal(t, isASCII("🧡💛💚💙💜"), false)
 }
--- a/version.go
+++ b/version.go
@ -5,4 +5,4 @@
 package gin

 // Version is the current gin framework's version.
-const Version = "v1.10.0"
+const Version = "v1.8.1"