diff --git a/context.go b/context.go
index a2e28e5b..893edb28 100644
--- a/context.go
+++ b/context.go
@@ -141,6 +141,16 @@ func (c *Context) Copy() *Context {
 	cp.Params = make([]Param, len(cParams))
 	copy(cp.Params, cParams)
 
+	if c.Errors != nil {
+		cp.Errors = make(errorMsgs, len(c.Errors))
+		copy(cp.Errors, c.Errors)
+	}
+
+	if c.Accepted != nil {
+		cp.Accepted = make([]string, len(c.Accepted))
+		copy(cp.Accepted, c.Accepted)
+	}
+
 	return &cp
 }
 
@@ -716,6 +726,11 @@ func (c *Context) MultipartForm() (*multipart.Form, error) {
 }
 
 // SaveUploadedFile uploads the form file to specific dst.
+// An optional perm argument specifies the permission bits used when creating
+// the destination directory. If not provided, the default is 0750. The exact
+// permission is enforced only on the destination directory and only when it is
+// newly created by this call; pre-existing directories (e.g. /tmp) are not
+// modified.
 func (c *Context) SaveUploadedFile(file *multipart.FileHeader, dst string, perm ...fs.FileMode) error {
 	src, err := file.Open()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -728,11 +743,19 @@ func (c *Context) SaveUploadedFile(file *multipart.FileHeader, dst string, perm
 		mode = perm[0]
 	}
 	dir := filepath.Dir(dst)
+	// Record whether the destination directory exists before MkdirAll, so we
+	// only chmod a directory we just created. Chmod'ing a pre-existing directory
+	// the process does not own (e.g. /tmp) fails with "operation not permitted"
+	// (#4622). A non-ErrNotExist stat error also skips chmod and lets MkdirAll
+	// surface the underlying failure.
+	_, statErr := os.Stat(dir)
 	if err = os.MkdirAll(dir, mode); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	if err = os.Chmod(dir, mode); err != nil {
-		return err
+	if errors.Is(statErr, os.ErrNotExist) {
+		if err = os.Chmod(dir, mode); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
 	}
 
 	out, err := os.Create(dst)
diff --git a/context_test.go b/context_test.go
index 364a92ae..e8d305e4 100644
--- a/context_test.go
+++ b/context_test.go
@@ -248,13 +248,11 @@ func TestSaveUploadedFileWithPermission(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, "permission_test", f.Filename)
 	var mode fs.FileMode = 0o755
-	require.NoError(t, c.SaveUploadedFile(f, "permission_test", mode))
-	t.Cleanup(func() {
-		assert.NoError(t, os.Remove("permission_test"))
-	})
-	info, err := os.Stat(filepath.Dir("permission_test"))
+	dst := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "subdir", "permission_test")
+	require.NoError(t, c.SaveUploadedFile(f, dst, mode))
+	info, err := os.Stat(filepath.Dir(dst))
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, info.Mode().Perm(), mode)
+	assert.Equal(t, mode, info.Mode().Perm())
 }
 
 func TestSaveUploadedFileWithPermissionFailed(t *testing.T) {
@@ -272,7 +270,52 @@ func TestSaveUploadedFileWithPermissionFailed(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, "permission_test", f.Filename)
 	var mode fs.FileMode = 0o644
-	require.Error(t, c.SaveUploadedFile(f, "test/permission_test", mode))
+	dst := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "test", "permission_test")
+	require.Error(t, c.SaveUploadedFile(f, dst, mode))
+}
+
+// TestSaveUploadedFileToExistingDir is a regression test for issue #4622.
+// SaveUploadedFile must not call os.Chmod on a directory that already exists,
+// because the process may not own it (e.g. /tmp on Linux/macOS), where chmod
+// fails with "operation not permitted". This asserts the behavioral contract
+// directly — a pre-existing directory's permissions are left unchanged — so it
+// catches the regression on every platform, including environments (root/CI,
+// user-owned $TMPDIR) where chmod on the temp dir would otherwise succeed.
+func TestSaveUploadedFileToExistingDir(t *testing.T) {
+	buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
+	mw := multipart.NewWriter(buf)
+	w, err := mw.CreateFormFile("file", "existing_dir_test")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	_, err = w.Write([]byte("existing_dir_test"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	mw.Close()
+
+	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
+	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", buf)
+	c.Request.Header.Set("Content-Type", mw.FormDataContentType())
+	f, err := c.FormFile("file")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// A pre-existing directory owned by this process, set to a known mode.
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	require.NoError(t, os.Chmod(dir, 0o700))
+
+	// Pass a perm that differs from the directory's current mode. The fix must
+	// not apply it to the pre-existing directory; the old code chmod'd it
+	// unconditionally, which also failed outright on unowned dirs like /tmp.
+	dst := filepath.Join(dir, "existing_dir_test.txt")
+	require.NoError(t, c.SaveUploadedFile(f, dst, 0o755))
+
+	// The pre-existing directory's permissions must be unchanged.
+	info, err := os.Stat(dir)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, os.FileMode(0o700), info.Mode().Perm(),
+		"permissions of a pre-existing directory must not be modified")
+
+	// The file must still be written with the correct content.
+	content, err := os.ReadFile(dst)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "existing_dir_test", string(content))
 }
 
 func TestContextReset(t *testing.T) {
@@ -689,6 +732,50 @@ func TestContextCopy(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, cp.fullPath, c.fullPath)
 }
 
+func TestContextCopyCopiesErrors(t *testing.T) {
+	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
+	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/", nil)
+	_ = c.Error(errors.New("first error"))
+	_ = c.Error(errors.New("second error"))
+
+	cp := c.Copy()
+
+	// copied context has the same errors
+	assert.Len(t, cp.Errors, 2)
+	assert.Equal(t, c.Errors[0].Error(), cp.Errors[0].Error())
+	assert.Equal(t, c.Errors[1].Error(), cp.Errors[1].Error())
+
+	// mutations on the copy do not affect the original
+	_ = cp.Error(errors.New("third error"))
+	assert.Len(t, c.Errors, 2)
+	assert.Len(t, cp.Errors, 3)
+}
+
+func TestContextCopyCopiesAccepted(t *testing.T) {
+	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
+	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/", nil)
+	c.SetAccepted("application/json", "text/html")
+
+	cp := c.Copy()
+
+	assert.Equal(t, c.Accepted, cp.Accepted)
+
+	// mutations on the copy do not affect the original
+	cp.SetAccepted("text/plain")
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"application/json", "text/html"}, c.Accepted)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"text/plain"}, cp.Accepted)
+}
+
+func TestContextCopyNilErrorsAndAccepted(t *testing.T) {
+	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
+	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/", nil)
+
+	cp := c.Copy()
+
+	assert.Nil(t, cp.Errors)
+	assert.Nil(t, cp.Accepted)
+}
+
 func TestContextHandlerName(t *testing.T) {
 	c, _ := CreateTestContext(httptest.NewRecorder())
 	c.handlers = HandlersChain{func(c *Context) {}, handlerNameTest}
diff --git a/go.mod b/go.mod
index 3f234252..4421641e 100644
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20
 	github.com/modern-go/reflect2 v1.0.2
 	github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.2.4
-	github.com/quic-go/quic-go v0.59.0
+	github.com/quic-go/quic-go v0.60.0
 	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.11.1
 	github.com/ugorji/go/codec v1.3.1
 	go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/v2 v2.5.0
diff --git a/go.sum b/go.sum
index 3dec0af2..a83985ba 100644
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -50,10 +50,12 @@ github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.2.4 h1:mye9XuhQ6gvn5h28+VilKrrPoQVanw5PMw/TB0
 github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.2.4/go.mod h1:2gIqNv+qfxSVS7cM2xJQKtLSTLUE9V8t9Stt+h56mCY=
 github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 h1:4DBwDE0NGyQoBHbLQYPwSUPoCMWR5BEzIk/f1lZbAQM=
 github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0/go.mod h1:iKH77koFhYxTK1pcRnkKkqfTogsbg7gZNVY4sRDYZ/4=
+github.com/quic-go/go-ossfuzz-seeds v0.1.0 h1:APacT+iIaNF6fd8AGEiN3bT/Jtkd2jz4v4TzM7MFjy0=
+github.com/quic-go/go-ossfuzz-seeds v0.1.0/go.mod h1:3IOHRbJIc+L6YKMwfDtJAM9Vj9k0YY4muhuyUYk5tbk=
 github.com/quic-go/qpack v0.6.0 h1:g7W+BMYynC1LbYLSqRt8PBg5Tgwxn214ZZR34VIOjz8=
 github.com/quic-go/qpack v0.6.0/go.mod h1:lUpLKChi8njB4ty2bFLX2x4gzDqXwUpaO1DP9qMDZII=
-github.com/quic-go/quic-go v0.59.0 h1:OLJkp1Mlm/aS7dpKgTc6cnpynnD2Xg7C1pwL6vy/SAw=
-github.com/quic-go/quic-go v0.59.0/go.mod h1:upnsH4Ju1YkqpLXC305eW3yDZ4NfnNbmQRCMWS58IKU=
+github.com/quic-go/quic-go v0.60.0 h1:xcQioE8OM66UQLeUMHltK1CCcOu3JbVB4JAQdDQSB+0=
+github.com/quic-go/quic-go v0.60.0/go.mod h1:wpKpjmPpftl30sL6pFh7REVpjbcCVy4zt2vDyK1TuJk=
 github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.10.0 h1:TMyTOH3F/DB16zRVcYyreMH6GnZZrwQVAoYjRBZyWFQ=
 github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.10.0/go.mod h1:UQnix2H7Ngw/k4C5ijL5+65zddjncjaFoBhdsK/akog=
 github.com/stretchr/objx v0.1.0/go.mod h1:HFkY916IF+rwdDfMAkV7OtwuqBVzrE8GR6GFx+wExME=
diff --git a/recovery.go b/recovery.go
index bbf1d565..2124fe5f 100644
--- a/recovery.go
+++ b/recovery.go
@@ -106,7 +106,12 @@ func secureRequestDump(r *http.Request) string {
 	return strings.Join(lines, "\r\n")
 }
 
-func defaultHandleRecovery(c *Context, _ any) {
+func defaultHandleRecovery(c *Context, err any) {
+	e, ok := err.(error)
+	if !ok {
+		e = fmt.Errorf("%v", err)
+	}
+	c.Error(e) //nolint: errcheck
 	c.AbortWithStatus(http.StatusInternalServerError)
 }
 
diff --git a/recovery_test.go b/recovery_test.go
index 028c4ad6..e5211790 100644
--- a/recovery_test.go
+++ b/recovery_test.go
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 package gin
 
 import (
+	"errors"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
@@ -152,6 +153,49 @@ func TestPanicWithAbortHandler(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.NotContains(t, out, "panic recovered")
 }
 
+func TestPanicInHandlerRecordsError(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name         string
+		recoveredErr any
+		expectedErr  string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:         "string panic",
+			recoveredErr: "Oops, Houston, we have a problem",
+			expectedErr:  "Oops, Houston, we have a problem",
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "error panic",
+			recoveredErr: errors.New("recovered error"),
+			expectedErr:  "recovered error",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			router := New()
+
+			var recoveredErrors errorMsgs
+			router.Use(func(c *Context) {
+				c.Next()
+				recoveredErrors = c.Errors
+			})
+			router.Use(RecoveryWithWriter(nil))
+			router.GET("/recovery", func(_ *Context) {
+				panic(tt.recoveredErr)
+			})
+
+			w := PerformRequest(router, http.MethodGet, "/recovery")
+
+			assert.Equal(t, http.StatusInternalServerError, w.Code)
+			if assert.Len(t, recoveredErrors, 1) {
+				assert.EqualError(t, recoveredErrors[0], tt.expectedErr)
+				assert.Equal(t, ErrorTypePrivate, recoveredErrors[0].Type)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 func TestCustomRecoveryWithWriter(t *testing.T) {
 	errBuffer := new(strings.Builder)
 	buffer := new(strings.Builder)
diff --git a/response_writer_test.go b/response_writer_test.go
index 83d3fc8b..03417375 100644
--- a/response_writer_test.go
+++ b/response_writer_test.go
@@ -15,10 +15,33 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
-// TODO
-// func (w *responseWriter) Hijack() (net.Conn, *bufio.ReadWriter, error) {
-// func (w *responseWriter) CloseNotify() <-chan bool {
-// func (w *responseWriter) Flush() {
+// TestResponseWriterFlushWithFlusher verifies Flush() calls the underlying Flusher.
+func TestResponseWriterFlushWithFlusher(t *testing.T) {
+	testWriter := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	writer := &responseWriter{ResponseWriter: testWriter}
+	writer.Flush()
+	assert.True(t, testWriter.Flushed)
+}
+
+// TestResponseWriterFlushWithNonFlusher verifies Flush() is a no-op
+// when the underlying ResponseWriter does not implement http.Flusher.
+// Guards against the panic reported in https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/4460
+func TestResponseWriterFlushWithNonFlusher(t *testing.T) {
+	nonFlusher := &nonFlusherWriter{header: http.Header{}}
+	writer := &responseWriter{ResponseWriter: nonFlusher}
+	require.NotPanics(t, func() {
+		writer.Flush()
+	})
+}
+
+// nonFlusherWriter is a minimal http.ResponseWriter that does NOT implement http.Flusher.
+type nonFlusherWriter struct {
+	header http.Header
+}
+
+func (w *nonFlusherWriter) Header() http.Header         { return w.header }
+func (w *nonFlusherWriter) Write(b []byte) (int, error) { return len(b), nil }
+func (w *nonFlusherWriter) WriteHeader(code int)        {}
 
 var (
 	_ ResponseWriter      = &responseWriter{}