Merge ac0ad2fed865d40a0adc1ac3ccaadc3acff5db4b into e2fa89777e344782ef5d31929f095f4589c35dcc

Godeps/Godeps.json

@@ -1,10 +1,23 @@
 {
 	"ImportPath": "github.com/gin-gonic/gin",
-	"GoVersion": "go1.3",
+	"GoVersion": "go1.4.2",
 	"Deps": [
 		{
 			"ImportPath": "github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter",
-			"Rev": "b428fda53bb0a764fea9c76c9413512eda291dec"
+			"Rev": "999ba04938b528fb4fb859231ee929958b8db4a6"
+		},
+		{
+			"ImportPath": "github.com/mattn/go-colorable",
+			"Rev": "043ae16291351db8465272edf465c9f388161627"
+		},
+		{
+			"ImportPath": "github.com/stretchr/testify/assert",
+			"Rev": "de7fcff264cd05cc0c90c509ea789a436a0dd206"
+		},
+		{
+			"ImportPath": "gopkg.in/joeybloggs/go-validate-yourself.v4",
+			"Comment": "v4.0",
+			"Rev": "a3cb430fa1e43b15e72d7bec5b20d0bdff4c2bb8"
 		}
 	]
 }

auth.go

@@ -33,10 +33,7 @@ func (a authPairs) Less(i, j int) bool { return a[i].Value < a[j].Value }
 // the key is the user name and the value is the password, as well as the name of the Realm
 // (see http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2617#section-1.2)
 func BasicAuthForRealm(accounts Accounts, realm string) HandlerFunc {
-	pairs, err := processAccounts(accounts)
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
+	pairs := processAccounts(accounts)
 	return func(c *Context) {
 		// Search user in the slice of allowed credentials
 		user, ok := searchCredential(pairs, c.Request.Header.Get("Authorization"))
@@ -61,14 +58,14 @@ func BasicAuth(accounts Accounts) HandlerFunc {
 	return BasicAuthForRealm(accounts, "")
 }
 
-func processAccounts(accounts Accounts) (authPairs, error) {
+func processAccounts(accounts Accounts) authPairs {
 	if len(accounts) == 0 {
-		return nil, errors.New("Empty list of authorized credentials")
+		panic("Empty list of authorized credentials")
 	}
 	pairs := make(authPairs, 0, len(accounts))
 	for user, password := range accounts {
 		if len(user) == 0 {
-			return nil, errors.New("User can not be empty")
+			panic("User can not be empty")
 		}
 		base := user + ":" + password
 		value := "Basic " + base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(base))
@@ -79,7 +76,7 @@ func processAccounts(accounts Accounts) (authPairs, error) {
 	}
 	// We have to sort the credentials in order to use bsearch later.
 	sort.Sort(pairs)
-	return pairs, nil
+	return pairs
 }
 
 func searchCredential(pairs authPairs, auth string) (string, bool) {

auth_test.go

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ func TestBasicAuthSucceed(t *testing.T) {
 	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
 
 	if w.Code != 200 {
-		t.Errorf("Response code should be Ok, was: %s", w.Code)
+		t.Errorf("Response code should be Ok, was: %d", w.Code)
 	}
 	bodyAsString := w.Body.String()
 
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ func TestBasicAuth401(t *testing.T) {
 	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
 
 	if w.Code != 401 {
-		t.Errorf("Response code should be Not autorized, was: %s", w.Code)
+		t.Errorf("Response code should be Not autorized, was: %d", w.Code)
 	}
 
 	if w.HeaderMap.Get("WWW-Authenticate") != "Basic realm=\"Authorization Required\"" {
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ func TestBasicAuth401WithCustomRealm(t *testing.T) {
 	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
 
 	if w.Code != 401 {
-		t.Errorf("Response code should be Not autorized, was: %s", w.Code)
+		t.Errorf("Response code should be Not autorized, was: %d", w.Code)
 	}
 
 	if w.HeaderMap.Get("WWW-Authenticate") != "Basic realm=\"My Custom Realm\"" {

binding/binding.go

@@ -5,280 +5,48 @@
 package binding
 
 import (
-	"encoding/json"
-	"encoding/xml"
-	"errors"
 	"net/http"
-	"reflect"
-	"strconv"
-	"strings"
+
+	"gopkg.in/joeybloggs/go-validate-yourself.v4"
 )
 
-type (
-	Binding interface {
-		Bind(*http.Request, interface{}) error
-	}
-
-	// JSON binding
-	jsonBinding struct{}
-
-	// XML binding
-	xmlBinding struct{}
-
-	// form binding
-	formBinding struct{}
-
-	// multipart form binding
-	multipartFormBinding struct{}
+const (
+	MIMEJSON              = "application/json"
+	MIMEHTML              = "text/html"
+	MIMEXML               = "application/xml"
+	MIMEXML2              = "text/xml"
+	MIMEPlain             = "text/plain"
+	MIMEPOSTForm          = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
+	MIMEMultipartPOSTForm = "multipart/form-data"
 )
 
-const MAX_MEMORY = 1 * 1024 * 1024
+type Binding interface {
+	Name() string
+	Bind(*http.Request, interface{}) error
+}
+
+var _validator = validator.NewValidator("binding", validator.BakedInValidators)
 
 var (
-	JSON          = jsonBinding{}
-	XML           = xmlBinding{}
-	Form          = formBinding{} // todo
-	MultipartForm = multipartFormBinding{}
+	JSON     = jsonBinding{}
+	XML      = xmlBinding{}
+	GETForm  = getFormBinding{}
+	POSTForm = postFormBinding{}
 )
 
-func (_ jsonBinding) Bind(req *http.Request, obj interface{}) error {
-	decoder := json.NewDecoder(req.Body)
-	if err := decoder.Decode(obj); err == nil {
-		return Validate(obj)
+func Default(method, contentType string) Binding {
+	if method == "GET" {
+		return GETForm
 	} else {
-		return err
-	}
-}
-
-func (_ xmlBinding) Bind(req *http.Request, obj interface{}) error {
-	decoder := xml.NewDecoder(req.Body)
-	if err := decoder.Decode(obj); err == nil {
-		return Validate(obj)
-	} else {
-		return err
-	}
-}
-
-func (_ formBinding) Bind(req *http.Request, obj interface{}) error {
-	if err := req.ParseForm(); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	if err := mapForm(obj, req.Form); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	return Validate(obj)
-}
-
-func (_ multipartFormBinding) Bind(req *http.Request, obj interface{}) error {
-	if err := req.ParseMultipartForm(MAX_MEMORY); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	if err := mapForm(obj, req.Form); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	return Validate(obj)
-}
-
-func mapForm(ptr interface{}, form map[string][]string) error {
-	typ := reflect.TypeOf(ptr).Elem()
-	formStruct := reflect.ValueOf(ptr).Elem()
-	for i := 0; i < typ.NumField(); i++ {
-		typeField := typ.Field(i)
-		if inputFieldName := typeField.Tag.Get("form"); inputFieldName != "" {
-			structField := formStruct.Field(i)
-			if !structField.CanSet() {
-				continue
-			}
-
-			inputValue, exists := form[inputFieldName]
-			if !exists {
-				continue
-			}
-			numElems := len(inputValue)
-			if structField.Kind() == reflect.Slice && numElems > 0 {
-				sliceOf := structField.Type().Elem().Kind()
-				slice := reflect.MakeSlice(structField.Type(), numElems, numElems)
-				for i := 0; i < numElems; i++ {
-					if err := setWithProperType(sliceOf, inputValue[i], slice.Index(i)); err != nil {
-						return err
-					}
-				}
-				formStruct.Field(i).Set(slice)
-			} else {
-				if err := setWithProperType(typeField.Type.Kind(), inputValue[0], structField); err != nil {
-					return err
-				}
-			}
+		switch contentType {
+		case MIMEPOSTForm:
+			return POSTForm
+		case MIMEJSON:
+			return JSON
+		case MIMEXML, MIMEXML2:
+			return XML
+		default:
+			return GETForm
 		}
 	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func setIntField(val string, bitSize int, structField reflect.Value) error {
-	if val == "" {
-		val = "0"
-	}
-
-	intVal, err := strconv.ParseInt(val, 10, bitSize)
-	if err == nil {
-		structField.SetInt(intVal)
-	}
-
-	return err
-}
-
-func setUintField(val string, bitSize int, structField reflect.Value) error {
-	if val == "" {
-		val = "0"
-	}
-
-	uintVal, err := strconv.ParseUint(val, 10, bitSize)
-	if err == nil {
-		structField.SetUint(uintVal)
-	}
-
-	return err
-}
-
-func setWithProperType(valueKind reflect.Kind, val string, structField reflect.Value) error {
-	switch valueKind {
-	case reflect.Int:
-		return setIntField(val, 0, structField)
-	case reflect.Int8:
-		return setIntField(val, 8, structField)
-	case reflect.Int16:
-		return setIntField(val, 16, structField)
-	case reflect.Int32:
-		return setIntField(val, 32, structField)
-	case reflect.Int64:
-		return setIntField(val, 64, structField)
-	case reflect.Uint:
-		return setUintField(val, 0, structField)
-	case reflect.Uint8:
-		return setUintField(val, 8, structField)
-	case reflect.Uint16:
-		return setUintField(val, 16, structField)
-	case reflect.Uint32:
-		return setUintField(val, 32, structField)
-	case reflect.Uint64:
-		return setUintField(val, 64, structField)
-	case reflect.Bool:
-		if val == "" {
-			val = "false"
-		}
-		boolVal, err := strconv.ParseBool(val)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		} else {
-			structField.SetBool(boolVal)
-		}
-	case reflect.Float32:
-		if val == "" {
-			val = "0.0"
-		}
-		floatVal, err := strconv.ParseFloat(val, 32)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		} else {
-			structField.SetFloat(floatVal)
-		}
-	case reflect.Float64:
-		if val == "" {
-			val = "0.0"
-		}
-		floatVal, err := strconv.ParseFloat(val, 64)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		} else {
-			structField.SetFloat(floatVal)
-		}
-	case reflect.String:
-		structField.SetString(val)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Don't pass in pointers to bind to. Can lead to bugs. See:
-// https://github.com/codegangsta/martini-contrib/issues/40
-// https://github.com/codegangsta/martini-contrib/pull/34#issuecomment-29683659
-func ensureNotPointer(obj interface{}) {
-	if reflect.TypeOf(obj).Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
-		panic("Pointers are not accepted as binding models")
-	}
-}
-
-func Validate(obj interface{}, parents ...string) error {
-	typ := reflect.TypeOf(obj)
-	val := reflect.ValueOf(obj)
-
-	if typ.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
-		typ = typ.Elem()
-		val = val.Elem()
-	}
-
-	switch typ.Kind() {
-	case reflect.Struct:
-		for i := 0; i < typ.NumField(); i++ {
-			field := typ.Field(i)
-
-			// Allow ignored and unexported fields in the struct
-			if len(field.PkgPath) > 0 || field.Tag.Get("form") == "-" {
-				continue
-			}
-
-			fieldValue := val.Field(i).Interface()
-			zero := reflect.Zero(field.Type).Interface()
-
-			if strings.Index(field.Tag.Get("binding"), "required") > -1 {
-				fieldType := field.Type.Kind()
-				if fieldType == reflect.Struct {
-					if reflect.DeepEqual(zero, fieldValue) {
-						return errors.New("Required " + field.Name)
-					}
-					err := Validate(fieldValue, field.Name)
-					if err != nil {
-						return err
-					}
-				} else if reflect.DeepEqual(zero, fieldValue) {
-					if len(parents) > 0 {
-						return errors.New("Required " + field.Name + " on " + parents[0])
-					} else {
-						return errors.New("Required " + field.Name)
-					}
-				} else if fieldType == reflect.Slice && field.Type.Elem().Kind() == reflect.Struct {
-					err := Validate(fieldValue)
-					if err != nil {
-						return err
-					}
-				}
-			} else {
-				fieldType := field.Type.Kind()
-				if fieldType == reflect.Struct {
-					if reflect.DeepEqual(zero, fieldValue) {
-						continue
-					}
-					err := Validate(fieldValue, field.Name)
-					if err != nil {
-						return err
-					}
-				} else if fieldType == reflect.Slice && field.Type.Elem().Kind() == reflect.Struct {
-					err := Validate(fieldValue, field.Name)
-					if err != nil {
-						return err
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	case reflect.Slice:
-		for i := 0; i < val.Len(); i++ {
-			fieldValue := val.Index(i).Interface()
-			err := Validate(fieldValue)
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-		}
-	default:
-		return nil
-	}
-	return nil
 }

binding/form_mapping.go

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+// Copyright 2014 Manu Martinez-Almeida.  All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a MIT style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package binding
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"reflect"
+	"strconv"
+)
+
+func mapForm(ptr interface{}, form map[string][]string) error {
+	typ := reflect.TypeOf(ptr).Elem()
+	val := reflect.ValueOf(ptr).Elem()
+	for i := 0; i < typ.NumField(); i++ {
+		typeField := typ.Field(i)
+		structField := val.Field(i)
+		if !structField.CanSet() {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		inputFieldName := typeField.Tag.Get("form")
+		if inputFieldName == "" {
+			inputFieldName = typeField.Name
+		}
+		inputValue, exists := form[inputFieldName]
+
+		if !exists {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		numElems := len(inputValue)
+		if structField.Kind() == reflect.Slice && numElems > 0 {
+			sliceOf := structField.Type().Elem().Kind()
+			slice := reflect.MakeSlice(structField.Type(), numElems, numElems)
+			for i := 0; i < numElems; i++ {
+				if err := setWithProperType(sliceOf, inputValue[i], slice.Index(i)); err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+			}
+			val.Field(i).Set(slice)
+		} else {
+			if err := setWithProperType(typeField.Type.Kind(), inputValue[0], structField); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func setWithProperType(valueKind reflect.Kind, val string, structField reflect.Value) error {
+	switch valueKind {
+	case reflect.Int:
+		return setIntField(val, 0, structField)
+	case reflect.Int8:
+		return setIntField(val, 8, structField)
+	case reflect.Int16:
+		return setIntField(val, 16, structField)
+	case reflect.Int32:
+		return setIntField(val, 32, structField)
+	case reflect.Int64:
+		return setIntField(val, 64, structField)
+	case reflect.Uint:
+		return setUintField(val, 0, structField)
+	case reflect.Uint8:
+		return setUintField(val, 8, structField)
+	case reflect.Uint16:
+		return setUintField(val, 16, structField)
+	case reflect.Uint32:
+		return setUintField(val, 32, structField)
+	case reflect.Uint64:
+		return setUintField(val, 64, structField)
+	case reflect.Bool:
+		return setBoolField(val, structField)
+	case reflect.Float32:
+		return setFloatField(val, 32, structField)
+	case reflect.Float64:
+		return setFloatField(val, 64, structField)
+	case reflect.String:
+		structField.SetString(val)
+	default:
+		return errors.New("Unknown type")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func setIntField(val string, bitSize int, field reflect.Value) error {
+	if val == "" {
+		val = "0"
+	}
+	intVal, err := strconv.ParseInt(val, 10, bitSize)
+	if err == nil {
+		field.SetInt(intVal)
+	}
+	return err
+}
+
+func setUintField(val string, bitSize int, field reflect.Value) error {
+	if val == "" {
+		val = "0"
+	}
+	uintVal, err := strconv.ParseUint(val, 10, bitSize)
+	if err == nil {
+		field.SetUint(uintVal)
+	}
+	return err
+}
+
+func setBoolField(val string, field reflect.Value) error {
+	if val == "" {
+		val = "false"
+	}
+	boolVal, err := strconv.ParseBool(val)
+	if err == nil {
+		field.SetBool(boolVal)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func setFloatField(val string, bitSize int, field reflect.Value) error {
+	if val == "" {
+		val = "0.0"
+	}
+	floatVal, err := strconv.ParseFloat(val, bitSize)
+	if err == nil {
+		field.SetFloat(floatVal)
+	}
+	return err
+}
+
+// Don't pass in pointers to bind to. Can lead to bugs. See:
+// https://github.com/codegangsta/martini-contrib/issues/40
+// https://github.com/codegangsta/martini-contrib/pull/34#issuecomment-29683659
+func ensureNotPointer(obj interface{}) {
+	if reflect.TypeOf(obj).Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
+		panic("Pointers are not accepted as binding models")
+	}
+}

binding/get_form.go

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+// Copyright 2014 Manu Martinez-Almeida.  All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a MIT style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package binding
+
+import "net/http"
+
+type getFormBinding struct{}
+
+func (_ getFormBinding) Name() string {
+	return "get_form"
+}
+
+func (_ getFormBinding) Bind(req *http.Request, obj interface{}) error {
+	if err := req.ParseForm(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := mapForm(obj, req.Form); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := _validator.ValidateStruct(obj); err != nil {
+		return error(err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}

binding/json.go

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// Copyright 2014 Manu Martinez-Almeida.  All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a MIT style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package binding
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+
+	"net/http"
+)
+
+type jsonBinding struct{}
+
+func (_ jsonBinding) Name() string {
+	return "json"
+}
+
+func (_ jsonBinding) Bind(req *http.Request, obj interface{}) error {
+	decoder := json.NewDecoder(req.Body)
+	if err := decoder.Decode(obj); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := _validator.ValidateStruct(obj); err != nil {
+		return error(err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}

binding/post_form.go

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+// Copyright 2014 Manu Martinez-Almeida.  All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a MIT style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package binding
+
+import "net/http"
+
+type postFormBinding struct{}
+
+func (_ postFormBinding) Name() string {
+	return "post_form"
+}
+
+func (_ postFormBinding) Bind(req *http.Request, obj interface{}) error {
+	if err := req.ParseForm(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := mapForm(obj, req.PostForm); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := _validator.ValidateStruct(obj); err != nil {
+		return error(err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}

binding/xml.go

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+// Copyright 2014 Manu Martinez-Almeida.  All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a MIT style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package binding
+
+import (
+	"encoding/xml"
+	"net/http"
+)
+
+type xmlBinding struct{}
+
+func (_ xmlBinding) Name() string {
+	return "xml"
+}
+
+func (_ xmlBinding) Bind(req *http.Request, obj interface{}) error {
+	decoder := xml.NewDecoder(req.Body)
+	if err := decoder.Decode(obj); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := _validator.ValidateStruct(obj); err != nil {
+		return error(err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}

context.go

@@ -5,92 +5,46 @@
 package gin
 
 import (
-	"bytes"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"math"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin/binding"
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin/render"
 	"github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter"
-	"log"
-	"net"
-	"net/http"
-	"strings"
 )
 
-const (
-	ErrorTypeInternal = 1 << iota
-	ErrorTypeExternal = 1 << iota
-	ErrorTypeAll      = 0xffffffff
-)
-
-// Used internally to collect errors that occurred during an http request.
-type errorMsg struct {
-	Err  string      `json:"error"`
-	Type uint32      `json:"-"`
-	Meta interface{} `json:"meta"`
-}
-
-type errorMsgs []errorMsg
-
-func (a errorMsgs) ByType(typ uint32) errorMsgs {
-	if len(a) == 0 {
-		return a
-	}
-	result := make(errorMsgs, 0, len(a))
-	for _, msg := range a {
-		if msg.Type&typ > 0 {
-			result = append(result, msg)
-		}
-	}
-	return result
-}
-
-func (a errorMsgs) String() string {
-	if len(a) == 0 {
-		return ""
-	}
-	var buffer bytes.Buffer
-	for i, msg := range a {
-		text := fmt.Sprintf("Error #%02d: %s \n     Meta: %v\n", (i + 1), msg.Err, msg.Meta)
-		buffer.WriteString(text)
-	}
-	return buffer.String()
-}
+const AbortIndex = math.MaxInt8 / 2
 
 // Context is the most important part of gin. It allows us to pass variables between middleware,
 // manage the flow, validate the JSON of a request and render a JSON response for example.
 type Context struct {
+	Engine    *Engine
 	writermem responseWriter
 	Request   *http.Request
 	Writer    ResponseWriter
-	Keys      map[string]interface{}
-	Errors    errorMsgs
-	Params    httprouter.Params
-	Engine    *Engine
-	handlers  []HandlerFunc
-	index     int8
-	accepted  []string
+
+	Params   httprouter.Params
+	Input    inputHolder
+	handlers []HandlerFunc
+	index    int8
+
+	Keys     map[string]interface{}
+	Errors   errorMsgs
+	Accepted []string
 }
 
 /************************************/
 /********** CONTEXT CREATION ********/
 /************************************/
 
-func (engine *Engine) createContext(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, params httprouter.Params, handlers []HandlerFunc) *Context {
-	c := engine.pool.Get().(*Context)
-	c.writermem.reset(w)
-	c.Request = req
-	c.Params = params
-	c.handlers = handlers
+func (c *Context) reset() {
 	c.Keys = nil
 	c.index = -1
-	c.accepted = nil
+	c.Accepted = nil
 	c.Errors = c.Errors[0:0]
-	return c
-}
-
-func (engine *Engine) reuseContext(c *Context) {
-	engine.pool.Put(c)
 }
 
 func (c *Context) Copy() *Context {
@@ -115,7 +69,7 @@ func (c *Context) Next() {
 	}
 }
 
-// Forces the system to do not continue calling the pending handlers in the chain.
+// Forces the system to not continue calling the pending handlers in the chain.
 func (c *Context) Abort() {
 	c.index = AbortIndex
 }
@@ -127,6 +81,10 @@ func (c *Context) AbortWithStatus(code int) {
 	c.Abort()
 }
 
+func (c *Context) IsAborted() bool {
+	return c.index == AbortIndex
+}
+
 /************************************/
 /********* ERROR MANAGEMENT *********/
 /************************************/
@@ -142,7 +100,7 @@ func (c *Context) Fail(code int, err error) {
 	c.AbortWithStatus(code)
 }
 
-func (c *Context) ErrorTyped(err error, typ uint32, meta interface{}) {
+func (c *Context) ErrorTyped(err error, typ int, meta interface{}) {
 	c.Errors = append(c.Errors, errorMsg{
 		Err:  err.Error(),
 		Type: typ,
@@ -180,109 +138,43 @@ func (c *Context) Set(key string, item interface{}) {
 }
 
 // Get returns the value for the given key or an error if the key does not exist.
-func (c *Context) Get(key string) (interface{}, error) {
+func (c *Context) Get(key string) (value interface{}, ok bool) {
 	if c.Keys != nil {
-		value, ok := c.Keys[key]
-		if ok {
-			return value, nil
-		}
+		value, ok = c.Keys[key]
 	}
-	return nil, errors.New("Key does not exist.")
+	return
 }
 
 // MustGet returns the value for the given key or panics if the value doesn't exist.
 func (c *Context) MustGet(key string) interface{} {
-	value, err := c.Get(key)
-	if err != nil || value == nil {
-		log.Panicf("Key %s doesn't exist", value)
+	if value, exists := c.Get(key); exists {
+		return value
+	} else {
+		panic("Key " + key + " does not exist")
 	}
-	return value
-}
-
-func ipInMasks(ip net.IP, masks []interface{}) bool {
-	for _, proxy := range masks {
-		var mask *net.IPNet
-		var err error
-
-		switch t := proxy.(type) {
-		case string:
-			if _, mask, err = net.ParseCIDR(t); err != nil {
-				panic(err)
-			}
-		case net.IP:
-			mask = &net.IPNet{IP: t, Mask: net.CIDRMask(len(t)*8, len(t)*8)}
-		case net.IPNet:
-			mask = &t
-		}
-
-		if mask.Contains(ip) {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-
-	return false
-}
-
-// the ForwardedFor middleware unwraps the X-Forwarded-For headers, be careful to only use this
-// middleware if you've got servers in front of this server. The list with (known) proxies and
-// local ips are being filtered out of the forwarded for list, giving the last not local ip being
-// the real client ip.
-func ForwardedFor(proxies ...interface{}) HandlerFunc {
-	if len(proxies) == 0 {
-		// default to local ips
-		var reservedLocalIps = []string{"10.0.0.0/8", "127.0.0.1/32", "172.16.0.0/12", "192.168.0.0/16"}
-
-		proxies = make([]interface{}, len(reservedLocalIps))
-
-		for i, v := range reservedLocalIps {
-			proxies[i] = v
-		}
-	}
-
-	return func(c *Context) {
-		// the X-Forwarded-For header contains an array with left most the client ip, then
-		// comma separated, all proxies the request passed. The last proxy appears
-		// as the remote address of the request. Returning the client
-		// ip to comply with default RemoteAddr response.
-
-		// check if remoteaddr is local ip or in list of defined proxies
-		remoteIp := net.ParseIP(strings.Split(c.Request.RemoteAddr, ":")[0])
-
-		if !ipInMasks(remoteIp, proxies) {
-			return
-		}
-
-		if forwardedFor := c.Request.Header.Get("X-Forwarded-For"); forwardedFor != "" {
-			parts := strings.Split(forwardedFor, ",")
-
-			for i := len(parts) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
-				part := parts[i]
-
-				ip := net.ParseIP(strings.TrimSpace(part))
-
-				if ipInMasks(ip, proxies) {
-					continue
-				}
-
-				// returning remote addr conform the original remote addr format
-				c.Request.RemoteAddr = ip.String() + ":0"
-
-				// remove forwarded for address
-				c.Request.Header.Set("X-Forwarded-For", "")
-				return
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func (c *Context) ClientIP() string {
-	return c.Request.RemoteAddr
 }
 
 /************************************/
 /********* PARSING REQUEST **********/
 /************************************/
 
+func (c *Context) ClientIP() string {
+	clientIP := c.Request.Header.Get("X-Real-IP")
+	if len(clientIP) > 0 {
+		return clientIP
+	}
+	clientIP = c.Request.Header.Get("X-Forwarded-For")
+	clientIP = strings.Split(clientIP, ",")[0]
+	if len(clientIP) > 0 {
+		return strings.TrimSpace(clientIP)
+	}
+	return c.Request.RemoteAddr
+}
+
+func (c *Context) ContentType() string {
+	return filterFlags(c.Request.Header.Get("Content-Type"))
+}
+
 // This function checks the Content-Type to select a binding engine automatically,
 // Depending the "Content-Type" header different bindings are used:
 // "application/json" --> JSON binding
@@ -290,21 +182,7 @@ func (c *Context) ClientIP() string {
 // else --> returns an error
 // if Parses the request's body as JSON if Content-Type == "application/json"  using JSON or XML  as a JSON input. It decodes the json payload into the struct specified as a pointer.Like ParseBody() but this method also writes a 400 error if the json is not valid.
 func (c *Context) Bind(obj interface{}) bool {
-	var b binding.Binding
-	ctype := filterFlags(c.Request.Header.Get("Content-Type"))
-	switch {
-	case c.Request.Method == "GET" || ctype == MIMEPOSTForm:
-		b = binding.Form
-	case ctype == MIMEMultipartPOSTForm:
-		b = binding.MultipartForm
-	case ctype == MIMEJSON:
-		b = binding.JSON
-	case ctype == MIMEXML || ctype == MIMEXML2:
-		b = binding.XML
-	default:
-		c.Fail(400, errors.New("unknown content-type: "+ctype))
-		return false
-	}
+	b := binding.Default(c.Request.Method, c.ContentType())
 	return c.BindWith(obj, b)
 }
 
@@ -359,9 +237,9 @@ func (c *Context) HTMLString(code int, format string, values ...interface{}) {
 // Returns a HTTP redirect to the specific location.
 func (c *Context) Redirect(code int, location string) {
 	if code >= 300 && code <= 308 {
-		c.Render(code, render.Redirect, location)
+		c.Render(code, render.Redirect, c.Request, location)
 	} else {
-		panic(fmt.Sprintf("Cannot send a redirect with status code %d", code))
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("Cannot redirect with status code %d", code))
 	}
 }
 
@@ -394,18 +272,18 @@ type Negotiate struct {
 
 func (c *Context) Negotiate(code int, config Negotiate) {
 	switch c.NegotiateFormat(config.Offered...) {
-	case MIMEJSON:
+	case binding.MIMEJSON:
 		data := chooseData(config.JSONData, config.Data)
 		c.JSON(code, data)
 
-	case MIMEHTML:
-		data := chooseData(config.HTMLData, config.Data)
+	case binding.MIMEHTML:
 		if len(config.HTMLPath) == 0 {
 			panic("negotiate config is wrong. html path is needed")
 		}
+		data := chooseData(config.HTMLData, config.Data)
 		c.HTML(code, config.HTMLPath, data)
 
-	case MIMEXML:
+	case binding.MIMEXML:
 		data := chooseData(config.XMLData, config.Data)
 		c.XML(code, data)
 
@@ -418,24 +296,22 @@ func (c *Context) NegotiateFormat(offered ...string) string {
 	if len(offered) == 0 {
 		panic("you must provide at least one offer")
 	}
-	if c.accepted == nil {
-		c.accepted = parseAccept(c.Request.Header.Get("Accept"))
+	if c.Accepted == nil {
+		c.Accepted = parseAccept(c.Request.Header.Get("Accept"))
 	}
-	if len(c.accepted) == 0 {
+	if len(c.Accepted) == 0 {
 		return offered[0]
-
-	} else {
-		for _, accepted := range c.accepted {
-			for _, offert := range offered {
-				if accepted == offert {
-					return offert
-				}
+	}
+	for _, accepted := range c.Accepted {
+		for _, offert := range offered {
+			if accepted == offert {
+				return offert
 			}
 		}
-		return ""
 	}
+	return ""
 }
 
 func (c *Context) SetAccepted(formats ...string) {
-	c.accepted = formats
+	c.Accepted = formats
 }

context_test.go

@@ -11,509 +11,311 @@ import (
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
 	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin/binding"
+	"github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 )
 
-// TestContextParamsGet tests that a parameter can be parsed from the URL.
-func TestContextParamsByName(t *testing.T) {
-	req, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", "/test/alexandernyquist", nil)
-	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
-	name := ""
+func createTestContext() (c *Context, w *httptest.ResponseRecorder, r *Engine) {
+	w = httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r = New()
+	c = r.allocateContext()
+	c.reset()
+	c.writermem.reset(w)
+	return
+}
 
-	r := New()
-	r.GET("/test/:name", func(c *Context) {
-		name = c.Params.ByName("name")
-	})
+func TestContextReset(t *testing.T) {
+	router := New()
+	c := router.allocateContext()
+	assert.Equal(t, c.Engine, router)
 
-	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+	c.index = 2
+	c.Writer = &responseWriter{ResponseWriter: httptest.NewRecorder()}
+	c.Params = httprouter.Params{httprouter.Param{}}
+	c.Error(errors.New("test"), nil)
+	c.Set("foo", "bar")
+	c.reset()
 
-	if name != "alexandernyquist" {
-		t.Errorf("Url parameter was not correctly parsed. Should be alexandernyquist, was %s.", name)
-	}
+	assert.False(t, c.IsAborted())
+	assert.Nil(t, c.Keys)
+	assert.Nil(t, c.Accepted)
+	assert.Len(t, c.Errors, 0)
+	assert.Len(t, c.Params, 0)
+	assert.Equal(t, c.index, -1)
+	assert.Equal(t, c.Writer.(*responseWriter), &c.writermem)
 }
 
 // TestContextSetGet tests that a parameter is set correctly on the
 // current context and can be retrieved using Get.
 func TestContextSetGet(t *testing.T) {
-	req, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", "/test", nil)
-	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	c, _, _ := createTestContext()
+	c.Set("foo", "bar")
 
-	r := New()
-	r.GET("/test", func(c *Context) {
-		// Key should be lazily created
-		if c.Keys != nil {
-			t.Error("Keys should be nil")
-		}
+	value, err := c.Get("foo")
+	assert.Equal(t, value, "bar")
+	assert.True(t, err)
 
-		// Set
-		c.Set("foo", "bar")
+	value, err = c.Get("foo2")
+	assert.Nil(t, value)
+	assert.False(t, err)
 
-		v, err := c.Get("foo")
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Errorf("Error on exist key")
-		}
-		if v != "bar" {
-			t.Errorf("Value should be bar, was %s", v)
-		}
-	})
-
-	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+	assert.Equal(t, c.MustGet("foo"), "bar")
+	assert.Panics(t, func() { c.MustGet("no_exist") })
 }
 
-// TestContextJSON tests that the response is serialized as JSON
+// Tests that the response is serialized as JSON
 // and Content-Type is set to application/json
-func TestContextJSON(t *testing.T) {
-	req, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", "/test", nil)
-	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+func TestContextRenderJSON(t *testing.T) {
+	c, w, _ := createTestContext()
+	c.JSON(201, H{"foo": "bar"})
 
-	r := New()
-	r.GET("/test", func(c *Context) {
-		c.JSON(200, H{"foo": "bar"})
-	})
-
-	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
-
-	if w.Body.String() != "{\"foo\":\"bar\"}\n" {
-		t.Errorf("Response should be {\"foo\":\"bar\"}, was: %s", w.Body.String())
-	}
-
-	if w.HeaderMap.Get("Content-Type") != "application/json; charset=utf-8" {
-		t.Errorf("Content-Type should be application/json, was %s", w.HeaderMap.Get("Content-Type"))
-	}
+	assert.Equal(t, w.Code, 201)
+	assert.Equal(t, w.Body.String(), "{\"foo\":\"bar\"}\n")
+	assert.Equal(t, w.HeaderMap.Get("Content-Type"), "application/json; charset=utf-8")
 }
 
-// TestContextHTML tests that the response executes the templates
+// Tests that the response executes the templates
 // and responds with Content-Type set to text/html
-func TestContextHTML(t *testing.T) {
-	req, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", "/test", nil)
-	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+func TestContextRenderHTML(t *testing.T) {
+	c, w, router := createTestContext()
+	templ, _ := template.New("t").Parse(`Hello {{.name}}`)
+	router.SetHTMLTemplate(templ)
 
-	r := New()
-	templ, _ := template.New("t").Parse(`Hello {{.Name}}`)
-	r.SetHTMLTemplate(templ)
+	c.HTML(201, "t", H{"name": "alexandernyquist"})
 
-	type TestData struct{ Name string }
-
-	r.GET("/test", func(c *Context) {
-		c.HTML(200, "t", TestData{"alexandernyquist"})
-	})
-
-	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
-
-	if w.Body.String() != "Hello alexandernyquist" {
-		t.Errorf("Response should be Hello alexandernyquist, was: %s", w.Body.String())
-	}
-
-	if w.HeaderMap.Get("Content-Type") != "text/html; charset=utf-8" {
-		t.Errorf("Content-Type should be text/html, was %s", w.HeaderMap.Get("Content-Type"))
-	}
-}
-
-// TestContextString tests that the response is returned
-// with Content-Type set to text/plain
-func TestContextString(t *testing.T) {
-	req, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", "/test", nil)
-	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
-
-	r := New()
-	r.GET("/test", func(c *Context) {
-		c.String(200, "test")
-	})
-
-	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
-
-	if w.Body.String() != "test" {
-		t.Errorf("Response should be test, was: %s", w.Body.String())
-	}
-
-	if w.HeaderMap.Get("Content-Type") != "text/plain; charset=utf-8" {
-		t.Errorf("Content-Type should be text/plain, was %s", w.HeaderMap.Get("Content-Type"))
-	}
+	assert.Equal(t, w.Code, 201)
+	assert.Equal(t, w.Body.String(), "Hello alexandernyquist")
+	assert.Equal(t, w.HeaderMap.Get("Content-Type"), "text/html; charset=utf-8")
 }
 
 // TestContextXML tests that the response is serialized as XML
 // and Content-Type is set to application/xml
-func TestContextXML(t *testing.T) {
-	req, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", "/test", nil)
-	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+func TestContextRenderXML(t *testing.T) {
+	c, w, _ := createTestContext()
+	c.XML(201, H{"foo": "bar"})
 
-	r := New()
-	r.GET("/test", func(c *Context) {
-		c.XML(200, H{"foo": "bar"})
-	})
+	assert.Equal(t, w.Code, 201)
+	assert.Equal(t, w.Body.String(), "<map><foo>bar</foo></map>")
+	assert.Equal(t, w.HeaderMap.Get("Content-Type"), "application/xml; charset=utf-8")
+}
 
-	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+// TestContextString tests that the response is returned
+// with Content-Type set to text/plain
+func TestContextRenderString(t *testing.T) {
+	c, w, _ := createTestContext()
+	c.String(201, "test %s %d", "string", 2)
 
-	if w.Body.String() != "<map><foo>bar</foo></map>" {
-		t.Errorf("Response should be <map><foo>bar</foo></map>, was: %s", w.Body.String())
-	}
+	assert.Equal(t, w.Code, 201)
+	assert.Equal(t, w.Body.String(), "test string 2")
+	assert.Equal(t, w.HeaderMap.Get("Content-Type"), "text/plain; charset=utf-8")
+}
 
-	if w.HeaderMap.Get("Content-Type") != "application/xml; charset=utf-8" {
-		t.Errorf("Content-Type should be application/xml, was %s", w.HeaderMap.Get("Content-Type"))
-	}
+// TestContextString tests that the response is returned
+// with Content-Type set to text/html
+func TestContextRenderHTMLString(t *testing.T) {
+	c, w, _ := createTestContext()
+	c.HTMLString(201, "<html>%s %d</html>", "string", 3)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, w.Code, 201)
+	assert.Equal(t, w.Body.String(), "<html>string 3</html>")
+	assert.Equal(t, w.HeaderMap.Get("Content-Type"), "text/html; charset=utf-8")
 }
 
 // TestContextData tests that the response can be written from `bytesting`
 // with specified MIME type
-func TestContextData(t *testing.T) {
-	req, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", "/test/csv", nil)
-	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+func TestContextRenderData(t *testing.T) {
+	c, w, _ := createTestContext()
+	c.Data(201, "text/csv", []byte(`foo,bar`))
 
-	r := New()
-	r.GET("/test/csv", func(c *Context) {
-		c.Data(200, "text/csv", []byte(`foo,bar`))
-	})
+	assert.Equal(t, w.Code, 201)
+	assert.Equal(t, w.Body.String(), "foo,bar")
+	assert.Equal(t, w.HeaderMap.Get("Content-Type"), "text/csv")
+}
 
-	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+// TODO
+func TestContextRenderRedirectWithRelativePath(t *testing.T) {
+	c, w, _ := createTestContext()
+	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest("POST", "http://example.com", nil)
+	assert.Panics(t, func() { c.Redirect(299, "/new_path") })
+	assert.Panics(t, func() { c.Redirect(309, "/new_path") })
 
-	if w.Body.String() != "foo,bar" {
-		t.Errorf("Response should be foo&bar, was: %s", w.Body.String())
+	c.Redirect(302, "/path")
+	c.Writer.WriteHeaderNow()
+	assert.Equal(t, w.Code, 302)
+	assert.Equal(t, w.Header().Get("Location"), "/path")
+}
+
+func TestContextRenderRedirectWithAbsolutePath(t *testing.T) {
+	c, w, _ := createTestContext()
+	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest("POST", "http://example.com", nil)
+	c.Redirect(302, "http://google.com")
+	c.Writer.WriteHeaderNow()
+
+	assert.Equal(t, w.Code, 302)
+	assert.Equal(t, w.Header().Get("Location"), "http://google.com")
+}
+
+func TestContextNegotiationFormat(t *testing.T) {
+	c, _, _ := createTestContext()
+	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest("POST", "", nil)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, c.NegotiateFormat(MIMEJSON, MIMEXML), MIMEJSON)
+	assert.Equal(t, c.NegotiateFormat(MIMEHTML, MIMEJSON), MIMEHTML)
+}
+
+func TestContextNegotiationFormatWithAccept(t *testing.T) {
+	c, _, _ := createTestContext()
+	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest("POST", "", nil)
+	c.Request.Header.Add("Accept", "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8")
+
+	assert.Equal(t, c.NegotiateFormat(MIMEJSON, MIMEXML), MIMEXML)
+	assert.Equal(t, c.NegotiateFormat(MIMEXML, MIMEHTML), MIMEHTML)
+	assert.Equal(t, c.NegotiateFormat(MIMEJSON), "")
+}
+
+func TestContextNegotiationFormatCustum(t *testing.T) {
+	c, _, _ := createTestContext()
+	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest("POST", "", nil)
+	c.Request.Header.Add("Accept", "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8")
+
+	c.Accepted = nil
+	c.SetAccepted(MIMEJSON, MIMEXML)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, c.NegotiateFormat(MIMEJSON, MIMEXML), MIMEJSON)
+	assert.Equal(t, c.NegotiateFormat(MIMEXML, MIMEHTML), MIMEXML)
+	assert.Equal(t, c.NegotiateFormat(MIMEJSON), MIMEJSON)
+}
+
+// TestContextData tests that the response can be written from `bytesting`
+// with specified MIME type
+func TestContextAbortWithStatus(t *testing.T) {
+	c, w, _ := createTestContext()
+	c.index = 4
+	c.AbortWithStatus(401)
+	c.Writer.WriteHeaderNow()
+
+	assert.Equal(t, c.index, AbortIndex)
+	assert.Equal(t, c.Writer.Status(), 401)
+	assert.Equal(t, w.Code, 401)
+	assert.True(t, c.IsAborted())
+}
+
+func TestContextError(t *testing.T) {
+	c, _, _ := createTestContext()
+	c.Error(errors.New("first error"), "some data")
+	assert.Equal(t, c.LastError().Error(), "first error")
+	assert.Len(t, c.Errors, 1)
+
+	c.Error(errors.New("second error"), "some data 2")
+	assert.Equal(t, c.LastError().Error(), "second error")
+	assert.Len(t, c.Errors, 2)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, c.Errors[0].Err, "first error")
+	assert.Equal(t, c.Errors[0].Meta, "some data")
+	assert.Equal(t, c.Errors[0].Type, ErrorTypeExternal)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, c.Errors[1].Err, "second error")
+	assert.Equal(t, c.Errors[1].Meta, "some data 2")
+	assert.Equal(t, c.Errors[1].Type, ErrorTypeExternal)
+}
+
+func TestContextTypedError(t *testing.T) {
+	c, _, _ := createTestContext()
+	c.ErrorTyped(errors.New("externo 0"), ErrorTypeExternal, nil)
+	c.ErrorTyped(errors.New("externo 1"), ErrorTypeExternal, nil)
+	c.ErrorTyped(errors.New("interno 0"), ErrorTypeInternal, nil)
+	c.ErrorTyped(errors.New("externo 2"), ErrorTypeExternal, nil)
+	c.ErrorTyped(errors.New("interno 1"), ErrorTypeInternal, nil)
+	c.ErrorTyped(errors.New("interno 2"), ErrorTypeInternal, nil)
+
+	for _, err := range c.Errors.ByType(ErrorTypeExternal) {
+		assert.Equal(t, err.Type, ErrorTypeExternal)
 	}
 
-	if w.HeaderMap.Get("Content-Type") != "text/csv" {
-		t.Errorf("Content-Type should be text/csv, was %s", w.HeaderMap.Get("Content-Type"))
+	for _, err := range c.Errors.ByType(ErrorTypeInternal) {
+		assert.Equal(t, err.Type, ErrorTypeInternal)
 	}
 }
 
-func TestContextFile(t *testing.T) {
-	req, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", "/test/file", nil)
-	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+func TestContextFail(t *testing.T) {
+	c, w, _ := createTestContext()
+	c.Fail(401, errors.New("bad input"))
+	c.Writer.WriteHeaderNow()
 
-	r := New()
-	r.GET("/test/file", func(c *Context) {
-		c.File("./gin.go")
-	})
-
-	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
-
-	bodyAsString := w.Body.String()
-
-	if len(bodyAsString) == 0 {
-		t.Errorf("Got empty body instead of file data")
-	}
-
-	if w.HeaderMap.Get("Content-Type") != "text/plain; charset=utf-8" {
-		t.Errorf("Content-Type should be text/plain; charset=utf-8, was %s", w.HeaderMap.Get("Content-Type"))
-	}
+	assert.Equal(t, w.Code, 401)
+	assert.Equal(t, c.LastError().Error(), "bad input")
+	assert.Equal(t, c.index, AbortIndex)
+	assert.True(t, c.IsAborted())
 }
 
-// TestHandlerFunc - ensure that custom middleware works properly
-func TestHandlerFunc(t *testing.T) {
+func TestContextClientIP(t *testing.T) {
+	c, _, _ := createTestContext()
+	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest("POST", "", nil)
 
-	req, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", "/", nil)
-	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	c.Request.Header.Set("X-Real-IP", "10.10.10.10")
+	c.Request.Header.Set("X-Forwarded-For", "20.20.20.20 , 30.30.30.30")
+	c.Request.RemoteAddr = "40.40.40.40"
 
-	r := New()
-	var stepsPassed int = 0
-
-	r.Use(func(context *Context) {
-		stepsPassed += 1
-		context.Next()
-		stepsPassed += 1
-	})
-
-	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
-
-	if w.Code != 404 {
-		t.Errorf("Response code should be Not found, was: %s", w.Code)
-	}
-
-	if stepsPassed != 2 {
-		t.Errorf("Falied to switch context in handler function: %s", stepsPassed)
-	}
+	assert.Equal(t, c.ClientIP(), "10.10.10.10")
+	c.Request.Header.Del("X-Real-IP")
+	assert.Equal(t, c.ClientIP(), "20.20.20.20")
+	c.Request.Header.Del("X-Forwarded-For")
+	assert.Equal(t, c.ClientIP(), "40.40.40.40")
 }
 
-// TestBadAbortHandlersChain - ensure that Abort after switch context will not interrupt pending handlers
-func TestBadAbortHandlersChain(t *testing.T) {
-	// SETUP
-	var stepsPassed int = 0
-	r := New()
-	r.Use(func(c *Context) {
-		stepsPassed += 1
-		c.Next()
-		stepsPassed += 1
-		// after check and abort
-		c.AbortWithStatus(409)
-	})
-	r.Use(func(c *Context) {
-		stepsPassed += 1
-		c.Next()
-		stepsPassed += 1
-		c.AbortWithStatus(403)
-	})
+func TestContextContentType(t *testing.T) {
+	c, _, _ := createTestContext()
+	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest("POST", "", nil)
+	c.Request.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=utf-8")
 
-	// RUN
-	w := PerformRequest(r, "GET", "/")
-
-	// TEST
-	if w.Code != 409 {
-		t.Errorf("Response code should be Forbiden, was: %d", w.Code)
-	}
-	if stepsPassed != 4 {
-		t.Errorf("Falied to switch context in handler function: %d", stepsPassed)
-	}
+	assert.Equal(t, c.ContentType(), "application/json")
 }
 
-// TestAbortHandlersChain - ensure that Abort interrupt used middlewares in fifo order
-func TestAbortHandlersChain(t *testing.T) {
-	// SETUP
-	var stepsPassed int = 0
-	r := New()
-	r.Use(func(context *Context) {
-		stepsPassed += 1
-		context.AbortWithStatus(409)
-	})
-	r.Use(func(context *Context) {
-		stepsPassed += 1
-		context.Next()
-		stepsPassed += 1
-	})
-
-	// RUN
-	w := PerformRequest(r, "GET", "/")
-
-	// TEST
-	if w.Code != 409 {
-		t.Errorf("Response code should be Conflict, was: %d", w.Code)
-	}
-	if stepsPassed != 1 {
-		t.Errorf("Falied to switch context in handler function: %d", stepsPassed)
+func TestContextAutoBind(t *testing.T) {
+	c, w, _ := createTestContext()
+	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest("POST", "http://example.com", bytes.NewBufferString("{\"foo\":\"bar\", \"bar\":\"foo\"}"))
+	c.Request.Header.Add("Content-Type", MIMEJSON)
+	var obj struct {
+		Foo string `json:"foo"`
+		Bar string `json:"bar"`
 	}
+	assert.True(t, c.Bind(&obj))
+	assert.Equal(t, obj.Bar, "foo")
+	assert.Equal(t, obj.Foo, "bar")
+	assert.Equal(t, w.Body.Len(), 0)
 }
 
-// TestFailHandlersChain - ensure that Fail interrupt used middlewares in fifo order as
-// as well as Abort
-func TestFailHandlersChain(t *testing.T) {
-	// SETUP
-	var stepsPassed int = 0
-	r := New()
-	r.Use(func(context *Context) {
-		stepsPassed += 1
-		context.Fail(500, errors.New("foo"))
-	})
-	r.Use(func(context *Context) {
-		stepsPassed += 1
-		context.Next()
-		stepsPassed += 1
-	})
-
-	// RUN
-	w := PerformRequest(r, "GET", "/")
-
-	// TEST
-	if w.Code != 500 {
-		t.Errorf("Response code should be Server error, was: %d", w.Code)
-	}
-	if stepsPassed != 1 {
-		t.Errorf("Falied to switch context in handler function: %d", stepsPassed)
+func TestContextBadAutoBind(t *testing.T) {
+	c, w, _ := createTestContext()
+	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest("POST", "http://example.com", bytes.NewBufferString("\"foo\":\"bar\", \"bar\":\"foo\"}"))
+	c.Request.Header.Add("Content-Type", MIMEJSON)
+	var obj struct {
+		Foo string `json:"foo"`
+		Bar string `json:"bar"`
 	}
+
+	assert.False(t, c.IsAborted())
+	assert.False(t, c.Bind(&obj))
+	c.Writer.WriteHeaderNow()
+
+	assert.Empty(t, obj.Bar)
+	assert.Empty(t, obj.Foo)
+	assert.Equal(t, w.Code, 400)
+	assert.True(t, c.IsAborted())
 }
 
-func TestBindingJSON(t *testing.T) {
-
-	body := bytes.NewBuffer([]byte("{\"foo\":\"bar\"}"))
-
-	r := New()
-	r.POST("/binding/json", func(c *Context) {
-		var body struct {
-			Foo string `json:"foo"`
-		}
-		if c.Bind(&body) {
-			c.JSON(200, H{"parsed": body.Foo})
-		}
-	})
-
-	req, _ := http.NewRequest("POST", "/binding/json", body)
-	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
-	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
-
-	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
-
-	if w.Code != 200 {
-		t.Errorf("Response code should be Ok, was: %s", w.Code)
-	}
-
-	if w.Body.String() != "{\"parsed\":\"bar\"}\n" {
-		t.Errorf("Response should be {\"parsed\":\"bar\"}, was: %s", w.Body.String())
-	}
-
-	if w.HeaderMap.Get("Content-Type") != "application/json; charset=utf-8" {
-		t.Errorf("Content-Type should be application/json, was %s", w.HeaderMap.Get("Content-Type"))
-	}
-}
-
-func TestBindingJSONEncoding(t *testing.T) {
-
-	body := bytes.NewBuffer([]byte("{\"foo\":\"嘉\"}"))
-
-	r := New()
-	r.POST("/binding/json", func(c *Context) {
-		var body struct {
-			Foo string `json:"foo"`
-		}
-		if c.Bind(&body) {
-			c.JSON(200, H{"parsed": body.Foo})
-		}
-	})
-
-	req, _ := http.NewRequest("POST", "/binding/json", body)
-	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=utf-8")
-	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
-
-	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
-
-	if w.Code != 200 {
-		t.Errorf("Response code should be Ok, was: %s", w.Code)
-	}
-
-	if w.Body.String() != "{\"parsed\":\"嘉\"}\n" {
-		t.Errorf("Response should be {\"parsed\":\"嘉\"}, was: %s", w.Body.String())
-	}
-
-	if w.HeaderMap.Get("Content-Type") != "application/json; charset=utf-8" {
-		t.Errorf("Content-Type should be application/json, was %s", w.HeaderMap.Get("Content-Type"))
-	}
-}
-
-func TestBindingJSONNoContentType(t *testing.T) {
-
-	body := bytes.NewBuffer([]byte("{\"foo\":\"bar\"}"))
-
-	r := New()
-	r.POST("/binding/json", func(c *Context) {
-		var body struct {
-			Foo string `json:"foo"`
-		}
-		if c.Bind(&body) {
-			c.JSON(200, H{"parsed": body.Foo})
-		}
-
-	})
-
-	req, _ := http.NewRequest("POST", "/binding/json", body)
-	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
-
-	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
-
-	if w.Code != 400 {
-		t.Errorf("Response code should be Bad request, was: %s", w.Code)
-	}
-
-	if w.Body.String() == "{\"parsed\":\"bar\"}\n" {
-		t.Errorf("Response should not be {\"parsed\":\"bar\"}, was: %s", w.Body.String())
-	}
-
-	if w.HeaderMap.Get("Content-Type") == "application/json" {
-		t.Errorf("Content-Type should not be application/json, was %s", w.HeaderMap.Get("Content-Type"))
-	}
-}
-
-func TestBindingJSONMalformed(t *testing.T) {
-
-	body := bytes.NewBuffer([]byte("\"foo\":\"bar\"\n"))
-
-	r := New()
-	r.POST("/binding/json", func(c *Context) {
-		var body struct {
-			Foo string `json:"foo"`
-		}
-		if c.Bind(&body) {
-			c.JSON(200, H{"parsed": body.Foo})
-		}
-
-	})
-
-	req, _ := http.NewRequest("POST", "/binding/json", body)
-	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
-
-	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
-
-	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
-
-	if w.Code != 400 {
-		t.Errorf("Response code should be Bad request, was: %s", w.Code)
-	}
-	if w.Body.String() == "{\"parsed\":\"bar\"}\n" {
-		t.Errorf("Response should not be {\"parsed\":\"bar\"}, was: %s", w.Body.String())
-	}
-
-	if w.HeaderMap.Get("Content-Type") == "application/json" {
-		t.Errorf("Content-Type should not be application/json, was %s", w.HeaderMap.Get("Content-Type"))
-	}
-}
-
-func TestBindingForm(t *testing.T) {
-
-	body := bytes.NewBuffer([]byte("foo=bar&num=123&unum=1234567890"))
-
-	r := New()
-	r.POST("/binding/form", func(c *Context) {
-		var body struct {
-			Foo  string `form:"foo"`
-			Num  int    `form:"num"`
-			Unum uint   `form:"unum"`
-		}
-		if c.Bind(&body) {
-			c.JSON(200, H{"foo": body.Foo, "num": body.Num, "unum": body.Unum})
-		}
-	})
-
-	req, _ := http.NewRequest("POST", "/binding/form", body)
-	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
-	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
-
-	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
-
-	if w.Code != 200 {
-		t.Errorf("Response code should be Ok, was: %d", w.Code)
-	}
-
-	expected := "{\"foo\":\"bar\",\"num\":123,\"unum\":1234567890}\n"
-	if w.Body.String() != expected {
-		t.Errorf("Response should be %s, was %s", expected, w.Body.String())
-	}
-
-	if w.HeaderMap.Get("Content-Type") != "application/json; charset=utf-8" {
-		t.Errorf("Content-Type should be application/json, was %s", w.HeaderMap.Get("Content-Type"))
-	}
-}
-
-func TestClientIP(t *testing.T) {
-	r := New()
-
-	var clientIP string = ""
-	r.GET("/", func(c *Context) {
-		clientIP = c.ClientIP()
-	})
-
-	body := bytes.NewBuffer([]byte(""))
-	req, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", "/", body)
-	req.RemoteAddr = "clientip:1234"
-	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
-	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
-
-	if clientIP != "clientip:1234" {
-		t.Errorf("ClientIP should not be %s, but clientip:1234", clientIP)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestClientIPWithXForwardedForWithProxy(t *testing.T) {
-	r := New()
-	r.Use(ForwardedFor())
-
-	var clientIP string = ""
-	r.GET("/", func(c *Context) {
-		clientIP = c.ClientIP()
-	})
-
-	body := bytes.NewBuffer([]byte(""))
-	req, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", "/", body)
-	req.RemoteAddr = "172.16.8.3:1234"
-	req.Header.Set("X-Real-Ip", "realip")
-	req.Header.Set("X-Forwarded-For", "1.2.3.4, 10.10.0.4, 192.168.0.43, 172.16.8.4")
-	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
-	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
-
-	if clientIP != "1.2.3.4:0" {
-		t.Errorf("ClientIP should not be %s, but 1.2.3.4:0", clientIP)
+func TestContextBindWith(t *testing.T) {
+	c, w, _ := createTestContext()
+	c.Request, _ = http.NewRequest("POST", "http://example.com", bytes.NewBufferString("{\"foo\":\"bar\", \"bar\":\"foo\"}"))
+	c.Request.Header.Add("Content-Type", MIMEXML)
+	var obj struct {
+		Foo string `json:"foo"`
+		Bar string `json:"bar"`
 	}
+	assert.True(t, c.BindWith(&obj, binding.JSON))
+	assert.Equal(t, obj.Bar, "foo")
+	assert.Equal(t, obj.Foo, "bar")
+	assert.Equal(t, w.Body.Len(), 0)
 }

debug.go

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+// Copyright 2014 Manu Martinez-Almeida.  All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a MIT style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package gin
+
+import (
+	"log"
+	"os"
+)
+
+var debugLogger = log.New(os.Stdout, "[GIN-debug] ", 0)
+
+func IsDebugging() bool {
+	return ginMode == debugCode
+}
+
+func debugRoute(httpMethod, absolutePath string, handlers []HandlerFunc) {
+	if IsDebugging() {
+		nuHandlers := len(handlers)
+		handlerName := nameOfFunction(handlers[nuHandlers-1])
+		debugPrint("%-5s %-25s --> %s (%d handlers)\n", httpMethod, absolutePath, handlerName, nuHandlers)
+	}
+}
+
+func debugPrint(format string, values ...interface{}) {
+	if IsDebugging() {
+		debugLogger.Printf(format, values...)
+	}
+}

debug_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+// Copyright 2014 Manu Martinez-Almeida.  All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a MIT style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package gin
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestIsDebugging(t *testing.T) {
+	SetMode(DebugMode)
+	assert.True(t, IsDebugging())
+	SetMode(ReleaseMode)
+	assert.False(t, IsDebugging())
+	SetMode(TestMode)
+	assert.False(t, IsDebugging())
+}
+
+// TODO
+// func TestDebugPrint(t *testing.T) {
+// 	buffer := bytes.NewBufferString("")
+// 	debugLogger.
+// 	log.SetOutput(buffer)
+
+// 	SetMode(ReleaseMode)
+// 	debugPrint("This is a example")
+// 	assert.Equal(t, buffer.Len(), 0)
+
+// 	SetMode(DebugMode)
+// 	debugPrint("This is %s", "a example")
+// 	assert.Equal(t, buffer.String(), "[GIN-debug] This is a example")
+
+// 	SetMode(TestMode)
+// 	log.SetOutput(os.Stdout)
+// }

deprecated.go

@@ -5,8 +5,22 @@
 package gin
 
 import (
-	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin/binding"
+	"log"
+	"net"
 	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin/binding"
+)
+
+const (
+	MIMEJSON              = binding.MIMEJSON
+	MIMEHTML              = binding.MIMEHTML
+	MIMEXML               = binding.MIMEXML
+	MIMEXML2              = binding.MIMEXML2
+	MIMEPlain             = binding.MIMEPlain
+	MIMEPOSTForm          = binding.MIMEPOSTForm
+	MIMEMultipartPOSTForm = binding.MIMEMultipartPOSTForm
 )
 
 // DEPRECATED, use Bind() instead.
@@ -45,3 +59,79 @@ func (engine *Engine) LoadHTMLTemplates(pattern string) {
 func (engine *Engine) NotFound404(handlers ...HandlerFunc) {
 	engine.NoRoute(handlers...)
 }
+
+// the ForwardedFor middleware unwraps the X-Forwarded-For headers, be careful to only use this
+// middleware if you've got servers in front of this server. The list with (known) proxies and
+// local ips are being filtered out of the forwarded for list, giving the last not local ip being
+// the real client ip.
+func ForwardedFor(proxies ...interface{}) HandlerFunc {
+	if len(proxies) == 0 {
+		// default to local ips
+		var reservedLocalIps = []string{"10.0.0.0/8", "127.0.0.1/32", "172.16.0.0/12", "192.168.0.0/16"}
+
+		proxies = make([]interface{}, len(reservedLocalIps))
+
+		for i, v := range reservedLocalIps {
+			proxies[i] = v
+		}
+	}
+
+	return func(c *Context) {
+		// the X-Forwarded-For header contains an array with left most the client ip, then
+		// comma separated, all proxies the request passed. The last proxy appears
+		// as the remote address of the request. Returning the client
+		// ip to comply with default RemoteAddr response.
+
+		// check if remoteaddr is local ip or in list of defined proxies
+		remoteIp := net.ParseIP(strings.Split(c.Request.RemoteAddr, ":")[0])
+
+		if !ipInMasks(remoteIp, proxies) {
+			return
+		}
+
+		if forwardedFor := c.Request.Header.Get("X-Forwarded-For"); forwardedFor != "" {
+			parts := strings.Split(forwardedFor, ",")
+
+			for i := len(parts) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+				part := parts[i]
+
+				ip := net.ParseIP(strings.TrimSpace(part))
+
+				if ipInMasks(ip, proxies) {
+					continue
+				}
+
+				// returning remote addr conform the original remote addr format
+				c.Request.RemoteAddr = ip.String() + ":0"
+
+				// remove forwarded for address
+				c.Request.Header.Set("X-Forwarded-For", "")
+				return
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func ipInMasks(ip net.IP, masks []interface{}) bool {
+	for _, proxy := range masks {
+		var mask *net.IPNet
+		var err error
+
+		switch t := proxy.(type) {
+		case string:
+			if _, mask, err = net.ParseCIDR(t); err != nil {
+				log.Panic(err)
+			}
+		case net.IP:
+			mask = &net.IPNet{IP: t, Mask: net.CIDRMask(len(t)*8, len(t)*8)}
+		case net.IPNet:
+			mask = &t
+		}
+
+		if mask.Contains(ip) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+
+	return false
+}

errors.go

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+// Copyright 2014 Manu Martinez-Almeida.  All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a MIT style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package gin
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
+)
+
+const (
+	ErrorTypeInternal = 1 << iota
+	ErrorTypeExternal = 1 << iota
+	ErrorTypeAll      = 0xffffffff
+)
+
+// Used internally to collect errors that occurred during an http request.
+type errorMsg struct {
+	Err  string      `json:"error"`
+	Type int         `json:"-"`
+	Meta interface{} `json:"meta"`
+}
+
+type errorMsgs []errorMsg
+
+func (a errorMsgs) ByType(typ int) errorMsgs {
+	if len(a) == 0 {
+		return a
+	}
+	result := make(errorMsgs, 0, len(a))
+	for _, msg := range a {
+		if msg.Type&typ > 0 {
+			result = append(result, msg)
+		}
+	}
+	return result
+}
+
+func (a errorMsgs) String() string {
+	if len(a) == 0 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	var buffer bytes.Buffer
+	for i, msg := range a {
+		text := fmt.Sprintf("Error #%02d: %s \n     Meta: %v\n", (i + 1), msg.Err, msg.Meta)
+		buffer.WriteString(text)
+	}
+	return buffer.String()
+}

examples/pluggable_renderer/example_pongo2.go

@@ -1,11 +1,26 @@
 package main
 
 import (
+	"net/http"
+
 	"github.com/flosch/pongo2"
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-	"net/http"
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin/render"
 )
 
+func main() {
+	router := gin.Default()
+	router.HTMLRender = newPongoRender()
+
+	router.GET("/index", func(c *gin.Context) {
+		c.HTML(200, "index.html", gin.H{
+			"title": "Gin meets pongo2 !",
+			"name":  c.Input.Get("name"),
+		})
+	})
+	router.Run(":8080")
+}
+
 type pongoRender struct {
 	cache map[string]*pongo2.Template
 }
@@ -14,13 +29,6 @@ func newPongoRender() *pongoRender {
 	return &pongoRender{map[string]*pongo2.Template{}}
 }
 
-func writeHeader(w http.ResponseWriter, code int, contentType string) {
-	if code >= 0 {
-		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", contentType)
-		w.WriteHeader(code)
-	}
-}
-
 func (p *pongoRender) Render(w http.ResponseWriter, code int, data ...interface{}) error {
 	file := data[0].(string)
 	ctx := data[1].(pongo2.Context)
@@ -36,23 +44,6 @@ func (p *pongoRender) Render(w http.ResponseWriter, code int, data ...interface{
 		p.cache[file] = tmpl
 		t = tmpl
 	}
-	writeHeader(w, code, "text/html")
+	render.WriteHeader(w, code, "text/html")
 	return t.ExecuteWriter(ctx, w)
 }
-
-func main() {
-	r := gin.Default()
-	r.HTMLRender = newPongoRender()
-
-	r.GET("/index", func(c *gin.Context) {
-		name := c.Request.FormValue("name")
-		ctx := pongo2.Context{
-			"title": "Gin meets pongo2 !",
-			"name":  name,
-		}
-		c.HTML(200, "index.html", ctx)
-	})
-
-	// Listen and server on 0.0.0.0:8080
-	r.Run(":8080")
-}

gin.go

@@ -5,24 +5,15 @@
 package gin
 
 import (
-	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin/render"
-	"github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter"
 	"html/template"
-	"math"
 	"net/http"
 	"sync"
+
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin/binding"
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin/render"
+	"github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter"
 )
 
-const (
-	AbortIndex            = math.MaxInt8 / 2
-	MIMEJSON              = "application/json"
-	MIMEHTML              = "text/html"
-	MIMEXML               = "application/xml"
-	MIMEXML2              = "text/xml"
-	MIMEPlain             = "text/plain"
-	MIMEPOSTForm          = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
-	MIMEMultipartPOSTForm = "multipart/form-data"
-)
 
 type (
 	HandlerFunc func(*Context)
@@ -30,14 +21,15 @@ type (
 	// Represents the web framework, it wraps the blazing fast httprouter multiplexer and a list of global middlewares.
 	Engine struct {
 		*RouterGroup
-		HTMLRender         render.Render
-		Default404Body     []byte
-		Default405Body     []byte
-		pool               sync.Pool
-		allNoRouteNoMethod []HandlerFunc
-		noRoute            []HandlerFunc
-		noMethod           []HandlerFunc
-		router             *httprouter.Router
+		HTMLRender     render.Render
+		Default404Body []byte
+		Default405Body []byte
+		pool           sync.Pool
+		allNoRoute     []HandlerFunc
+		allNoMethod    []HandlerFunc
+		noRoute        []HandlerFunc
+		noMethod       []HandlerFunc
+		router         *httprouter.Router
 	}
 )
 
@@ -56,9 +48,7 @@ func New() *Engine {
 	engine.router.NotFound = engine.handle404
 	engine.router.MethodNotAllowed = engine.handle405
 	engine.pool.New = func() interface{} {
-		c := &Context{Engine: engine}
-		c.Writer = &c.writermem
-		return c
+		return engine.allocateContext()
 	}
 	return engine
 }
@@ -70,10 +60,30 @@ func Default() *Engine {
 	return engine
 }
 
+func (engine *Engine) allocateContext() (context *Context) {
+	context = &Context{Engine: engine}
+	context.Writer = &context.writermem
+	context.Input = inputHolder{context: context}
+	return
+}
+
+func (engine *Engine) createContext(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, params httprouter.Params, handlers []HandlerFunc) *Context {
+	c := engine.pool.Get().(*Context)
+	c.reset()
+	c.writermem.reset(w)
+	c.Request = req
+	c.Params = params
+	c.handlers = handlers
+	return c
+}
+
+func (engine *Engine) reuseContext(c *Context) {
+	engine.pool.Put(c)
+}
+
 func (engine *Engine) LoadHTMLGlob(pattern string) {
 	if IsDebugging() {
-		render.HTMLDebug.AddGlob(pattern)
-		engine.HTMLRender = render.HTMLDebug
+		engine.HTMLRender = &render.HTMLDebugRender{Glob: pattern}
 	} else {
 		templ := template.Must(template.ParseGlob(pattern))
 		engine.SetHTMLTemplate(templ)
@@ -82,8 +92,7 @@ func (engine *Engine) LoadHTMLGlob(pattern string) {
 
 func (engine *Engine) LoadHTMLFiles(files ...string) {
 	if IsDebugging() {
-		render.HTMLDebug.AddFiles(files...)
-		engine.HTMLRender = render.HTMLDebug
+		engine.HTMLRender = &render.HTMLDebugRender{Files: files}
 	} else {
 		templ := template.Must(template.ParseFiles(files...))
 		engine.SetHTMLTemplate(templ)
@@ -114,21 +123,21 @@ func (engine *Engine) Use(middlewares ...HandlerFunc) {
 }
 
 func (engine *Engine) rebuild404Handlers() {
-	engine.allNoRouteNoMethod = engine.combineHandlers(engine.noRoute)
+	engine.allNoRoute = engine.combineHandlers(engine.noRoute)
 }
 
 func (engine *Engine) rebuild405Handlers() {
-	engine.allNoRouteNoMethod = engine.combineHandlers(engine.noMethod)
+	engine.allNoMethod = engine.combineHandlers(engine.noMethod)
 }
 
 func (engine *Engine) handle404(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
-	c := engine.createContext(w, req, nil, engine.allNoRouteNoMethod)
+	c := engine.createContext(w, req, nil, engine.allNoRoute)
 	// set 404 by default, useful for logging
 	c.Writer.WriteHeader(404)
 	c.Next()
 	if !c.Writer.Written() {
 		if c.Writer.Status() == 404 {
-			c.Data(-1, MIMEPlain, engine.Default404Body)
+			c.Data(-1, binding.MIMEPlain, engine.Default404Body)
 		} else {
 			c.Writer.WriteHeaderNow()
 		}
@@ -137,13 +146,13 @@ func (engine *Engine) handle404(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
 }
 
 func (engine *Engine) handle405(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
-	c := engine.createContext(w, req, nil, engine.allNoRouteNoMethod)
+	c := engine.createContext(w, req, nil, engine.allNoMethod)
 	// set 405 by default, useful for logging
 	c.Writer.WriteHeader(405)
 	c.Next()
 	if !c.Writer.Written() {
 		if c.Writer.Status() == 405 {
-			c.Data(-1, MIMEPlain, engine.Default405Body)
+			c.Data(-1, binding.MIMEPlain, engine.Default405Body)
 		} else {
 			c.Writer.WriteHeaderNow()
 		}
@@ -158,16 +167,10 @@ func (engine *Engine) ServeHTTP(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Reques
 
 func (engine *Engine) Run(addr string) error {
 	debugPrint("Listening and serving HTTP on %s\n", addr)
-	if err := http.ListenAndServe(addr, engine); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	return nil
+	return http.ListenAndServe(addr, engine)
 }
 
 func (engine *Engine) RunTLS(addr string, cert string, key string) error {
 	debugPrint("Listening and serving HTTPS on %s\n", addr)
-	if err := http.ListenAndServeTLS(addr, cert, key, engine); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	return nil
+	return http.ListenAndServeTLS(addr, cert, key, engine)
 }

gin_test.go

@@ -5,202 +5,137 @@
 package gin
 
 import (
-	"io/ioutil"
-	"net/http"
-	"net/http/httptest"
-	"os"
-	"path"
-	"strings"
 	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 )
 
 func init() {
 	SetMode(TestMode)
 }
 
-func PerformRequest(r http.Handler, method, path string) *httptest.ResponseRecorder {
-	req, _ := http.NewRequest(method, path, nil)
-	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
-	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
-	return w
+func TestCreateEngine(t *testing.T) {
+	router := New()
+	assert.Equal(t, "/", router.absolutePath)
+	assert.Equal(t, router.engine, router)
+	assert.Empty(t, router.Handlers)
+
+	// TODO
+	// assert.Equal(t, router.router.NotFound, router.handle404)
+	// assert.Equal(t, router.router.MethodNotAllowed, router.handle405)
 }
 
-// TestSingleRouteOK tests that POST route is correctly invoked.
-func testRouteOK(method string, t *testing.T) {
-	// SETUP
-	passed := false
-	r := New()
-	r.Handle(method, "/test", []HandlerFunc{func(c *Context) {
-		passed = true
-	}})
-
-	// RUN
-	w := PerformRequest(r, method, "/test")
-
-	// TEST
-	if passed == false {
-		t.Errorf(method + " route handler was not invoked.")
-	}
-	if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
-		t.Errorf("Status code should be %v, was %d", http.StatusOK, w.Code)
-	}
-}
-func TestRouterGroupRouteOK(t *testing.T) {
-	testRouteOK("POST", t)
-	testRouteOK("DELETE", t)
-	testRouteOK("PATCH", t)
-	testRouteOK("PUT", t)
-	testRouteOK("OPTIONS", t)
-	testRouteOK("HEAD", t)
+func TestCreateDefaultRouter(t *testing.T) {
+	router := Default()
+	assert.Len(t, router.Handlers, 2)
 }
 
-// TestSingleRouteOK tests that POST route is correctly invoked.
-func testRouteNotOK(method string, t *testing.T) {
-	// SETUP
-	passed := false
-	r := New()
-	r.Handle(method, "/test_2", []HandlerFunc{func(c *Context) {
-		passed = true
-	}})
+func TestNoRouteWithoutGlobalHandlers(t *testing.T) {
+	middleware0 := func(c *Context) {}
+	middleware1 := func(c *Context) {}
 
-	// RUN
-	w := PerformRequest(r, method, "/test")
+	router := New()
 
-	// TEST
-	if passed == true {
-		t.Errorf(method + " route handler was invoked, when it should not")
-	}
-	if w.Code != http.StatusNotFound {
-		// If this fails, it's because httprouter needs to be updated to at least f78f58a0db
-		t.Errorf("Status code should be %v, was %d. Location: %s", http.StatusNotFound, w.Code, w.HeaderMap.Get("Location"))
-	}
+	router.NoRoute(middleware0)
+	assert.Nil(t, router.Handlers)
+	assert.Len(t, router.noRoute, 1)
+	assert.Len(t, router.allNoRoute, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, router.noRoute[0], middleware0)
+	assert.Equal(t, router.allNoRoute[0], middleware0)
+
+	router.NoRoute(middleware1, middleware0)
+	assert.Len(t, router.noRoute, 2)
+	assert.Len(t, router.allNoRoute, 2)
+	assert.Equal(t, router.noRoute[0], middleware1)
+	assert.Equal(t, router.allNoRoute[0], middleware1)
+	assert.Equal(t, router.noRoute[1], middleware0)
+	assert.Equal(t, router.allNoRoute[1], middleware0)
 }
 
-// TestSingleRouteOK tests that POST route is correctly invoked.
-func TestRouteNotOK(t *testing.T) {
-	testRouteNotOK("POST", t)
-	testRouteNotOK("DELETE", t)
-	testRouteNotOK("PATCH", t)
-	testRouteNotOK("PUT", t)
-	testRouteNotOK("OPTIONS", t)
-	testRouteNotOK("HEAD", t)
+func TestNoRouteWithGlobalHandlers(t *testing.T) {
+	middleware0 := func(c *Context) {}
+	middleware1 := func(c *Context) {}
+	middleware2 := func(c *Context) {}
+
+	router := New()
+	router.Use(middleware2)
+
+	router.NoRoute(middleware0)
+	assert.Len(t, router.allNoRoute, 2)
+	assert.Len(t, router.Handlers, 1)
+	assert.Len(t, router.noRoute, 1)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, router.Handlers[0], middleware2)
+	assert.Equal(t, router.noRoute[0], middleware0)
+	assert.Equal(t, router.allNoRoute[0], middleware2)
+	assert.Equal(t, router.allNoRoute[1], middleware0)
+
+	router.Use(middleware1)
+	assert.Len(t, router.allNoRoute, 3)
+	assert.Len(t, router.Handlers, 2)
+	assert.Len(t, router.noRoute, 1)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, router.Handlers[0], middleware2)
+	assert.Equal(t, router.Handlers[1], middleware1)
+	assert.Equal(t, router.noRoute[0], middleware0)
+	assert.Equal(t, router.allNoRoute[0], middleware2)
+	assert.Equal(t, router.allNoRoute[1], middleware1)
+	assert.Equal(t, router.allNoRoute[2], middleware0)
 }
 
-// TestSingleRouteOK tests that POST route is correctly invoked.
-func testRouteNotOK2(method string, t *testing.T) {
-	// SETUP
-	passed := false
-	r := New()
-	var methodRoute string
-	if method == "POST" {
-		methodRoute = "GET"
-	} else {
-		methodRoute = "POST"
-	}
-	r.Handle(methodRoute, "/test", []HandlerFunc{func(c *Context) {
-		passed = true
-	}})
+func TestNoMethodWithoutGlobalHandlers(t *testing.T) {
+	middleware0 := func(c *Context) {}
+	middleware1 := func(c *Context) {}
 
-	// RUN
-	w := PerformRequest(r, method, "/test")
+	router := New()
 
-	// TEST
-	if passed == true {
-		t.Errorf(method + " route handler was invoked, when it should not")
-	}
-	if w.Code != http.StatusMethodNotAllowed {
-		t.Errorf("Status code should be %v, was %d. Location: %s", http.StatusMethodNotAllowed, w.Code, w.HeaderMap.Get("Location"))
-	}
+	router.NoMethod(middleware0)
+	assert.Empty(t, router.Handlers)
+	assert.Len(t, router.noMethod, 1)
+	assert.Len(t, router.allNoMethod, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, router.noMethod[0], middleware0)
+	assert.Equal(t, router.allNoMethod[0], middleware0)
+
+	router.NoMethod(middleware1, middleware0)
+	assert.Len(t, router.noMethod, 2)
+	assert.Len(t, router.allNoMethod, 2)
+	assert.Equal(t, router.noMethod[0], middleware1)
+	assert.Equal(t, router.allNoMethod[0], middleware1)
+	assert.Equal(t, router.noMethod[1], middleware0)
+	assert.Equal(t, router.allNoMethod[1], middleware0)
 }
 
-// TestSingleRouteOK tests that POST route is correctly invoked.
-func TestRouteNotOK2(t *testing.T) {
-	testRouteNotOK2("POST", t)
-	testRouteNotOK2("DELETE", t)
-	testRouteNotOK2("PATCH", t)
-	testRouteNotOK2("PUT", t)
-	testRouteNotOK2("OPTIONS", t)
-	testRouteNotOK2("HEAD", t)
+func TestRebuild404Handlers(t *testing.T) {
+
 }
 
-// TestHandleStaticFile - ensure the static file handles properly
-func TestHandleStaticFile(t *testing.T) {
-	// SETUP file
-	testRoot, _ := os.Getwd()
-	f, err := ioutil.TempFile(testRoot, "")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Error(err)
-	}
-	defer os.Remove(f.Name())
-	filePath := path.Join("/", path.Base(f.Name()))
-	f.WriteString("Gin Web Framework")
-	f.Close()
+func TestNoMethodWithGlobalHandlers(t *testing.T) {
+	middleware0 := func(c *Context) {}
+	middleware1 := func(c *Context) {}
+	middleware2 := func(c *Context) {}
 
-	// SETUP gin
-	r := New()
-	r.Static("./", testRoot)
+	router := New()
+	router.Use(middleware2)
 
-	// RUN
-	w := PerformRequest(r, "GET", filePath)
+	router.NoMethod(middleware0)
+	assert.Len(t, router.allNoMethod, 2)
+	assert.Len(t, router.Handlers, 1)
+	assert.Len(t, router.noMethod, 1)
 
-	// TEST
-	if w.Code != 200 {
-		t.Errorf("Response code should be 200, was: %d", w.Code)
-	}
-	if w.Body.String() != "Gin Web Framework" {
-		t.Errorf("Response should be test, was: %s", w.Body.String())
-	}
-	if w.HeaderMap.Get("Content-Type") != "text/plain; charset=utf-8" {
-		t.Errorf("Content-Type should be text/plain, was %s", w.HeaderMap.Get("Content-Type"))
-	}
-}
-
-// TestHandleStaticDir - ensure the root/sub dir handles properly
-func TestHandleStaticDir(t *testing.T) {
-	// SETUP
-	r := New()
-	r.Static("/", "./")
-
-	// RUN
-	w := PerformRequest(r, "GET", "/")
-
-	// TEST
-	bodyAsString := w.Body.String()
-	if w.Code != 200 {
-		t.Errorf("Response code should be 200, was: %d", w.Code)
-	}
-	if len(bodyAsString) == 0 {
-		t.Errorf("Got empty body instead of file tree")
-	}
-	if !strings.Contains(bodyAsString, "gin.go") {
-		t.Errorf("Can't find:`gin.go` in file tree: %s", bodyAsString)
-	}
-	if w.HeaderMap.Get("Content-Type") != "text/html; charset=utf-8" {
-		t.Errorf("Content-Type should be text/plain, was %s", w.HeaderMap.Get("Content-Type"))
-	}
-}
-
-// TestHandleHeadToDir - ensure the root/sub dir handles properly
-func TestHandleHeadToDir(t *testing.T) {
-	// SETUP
-	r := New()
-	r.Static("/", "./")
-
-	// RUN
-	w := PerformRequest(r, "HEAD", "/")
-
-	// TEST
-	bodyAsString := w.Body.String()
-	if w.Code != 200 {
-		t.Errorf("Response code should be Ok, was: %s", w.Code)
-	}
-	if len(bodyAsString) == 0 {
-		t.Errorf("Got empty body instead of file tree")
-	}
-	if !strings.Contains(bodyAsString, "gin.go") {
-		t.Errorf("Can't find:`gin.go` in file tree: %s", bodyAsString)
-	}
-	if w.HeaderMap.Get("Content-Type") != "text/html; charset=utf-8" {
-		t.Errorf("Content-Type should be text/plain, was %s", w.HeaderMap.Get("Content-Type"))
-	}
+	assert.Equal(t, router.Handlers[0], middleware2)
+	assert.Equal(t, router.noMethod[0], middleware0)
+	assert.Equal(t, router.allNoMethod[0], middleware2)
+	assert.Equal(t, router.allNoMethod[1], middleware0)
+
+	router.Use(middleware1)
+	assert.Len(t, router.allNoMethod, 3)
+	assert.Len(t, router.Handlers, 2)
+	assert.Len(t, router.noMethod, 1)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, router.Handlers[0], middleware2)
+	assert.Equal(t, router.Handlers[1], middleware1)
+	assert.Equal(t, router.noMethod[0], middleware0)
+	assert.Equal(t, router.allNoMethod[0], middleware2)
+	assert.Equal(t, router.allNoMethod[1], middleware1)
+	assert.Equal(t, router.allNoMethod[2], middleware0)
 }

input_holder.go

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+// Copyright 2014 Manu Martinez-Almeida.  All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a MIT style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package gin
+
+type inputHolder struct {
+	context *Context
+}
+
+func (i inputHolder) FromGET(key string) (va string) {
+	va, _ = i.fromGET(key)
+	return
+}
+
+func (i inputHolder) FromPOST(key string) (va string) {
+	va, _ = i.fromPOST(key)
+	return
+}
+
+func (i inputHolder) Get(key string) string {
+	if value, exists := i.fromPOST(key); exists {
+		return value
+	}
+	if value, exists := i.fromGET(key); exists {
+		return value
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (i inputHolder) fromGET(key string) (string, bool) {
+	req := i.context.Request
+	req.ParseForm()
+	if values, ok := req.Form[key]; ok && len(values) > 0 {
+		return values[0], true
+	}
+	return "", false
+}
+
+func (i inputHolder) fromPOST(key string) (string, bool) {
+	req := i.context.Request
+	req.ParseForm()
+	if values, ok := req.PostForm[key]; ok && len(values) > 0 {
+		return values[0], true
+	}
+	return "", false
+}

logger.go

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@
 package gin
 
 import (
-	"github.com/mattn/go-colorable"
-	"log"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
 	"time"
 )
 
@@ -25,25 +25,27 @@ func ErrorLogger() HandlerFunc {
 	return ErrorLoggerT(ErrorTypeAll)
 }
 
-func ErrorLoggerT(typ uint32) HandlerFunc {
+func ErrorLoggerT(typ int) HandlerFunc {
 	return func(c *Context) {
 		c.Next()
 
-		errs := c.Errors.ByType(typ)
-		if len(errs) > 0 {
-			// -1 status code = do not change current one
-			c.JSON(-1, c.Errors)
+		if !c.Writer.Written() {
+			if errs := c.Errors.ByType(typ); len(errs) > 0 {
+				c.JSON(-1, errs)
+			}
 		}
 	}
 }
 
 func Logger() HandlerFunc {
-	stdlogger := log.New(colorable.NewColorableStdout(), "", 0)
-	//errlogger := log.New(os.Stderr, "", 0)
+	return LoggerWithFile(DefaultWriter)
+}
 
+func LoggerWithFile(out io.Writer) HandlerFunc {
 	return func(c *Context) {
 		// Start timer
 		start := time.Now()
+		path := c.Request.URL.Path
 
 		// Process request
 		c.Next()
@@ -57,15 +59,16 @@ func Logger() HandlerFunc {
 		statusCode := c.Writer.Status()
 		statusColor := colorForStatus(statusCode)
 		methodColor := colorForMethod(method)
+		comment := c.Errors.String()
 
-		stdlogger.Printf("[GIN] %v |%s %3d %s| %12v | %s |%s  %s %-7s %s\n%s",
+		fmt.Fprintf(out, "[GIN] %v |%s %3d %s| %12v | %s |%s  %s %-7s %s\n%s",
 			end.Format("2006/01/02 - 15:04:05"),
 			statusColor, statusCode, reset,
 			latency,
 			clientIP,
 			methodColor, reset, method,
-			c.Request.URL.Path,
-			c.Errors.String(),
+			path,
+			comment,
 		)
 	}
 }

mode.go

@@ -5,8 +5,9 @@
 package gin
 
 import (
-	"fmt"
 	"os"
+
+	"github.com/mattn/go-colorable"
 )
 
 const GIN_MODE = "GIN_MODE"
@@ -22,8 +23,9 @@ const (
 	testCode    = iota
 )
 
-var gin_mode int = debugCode
-var mode_name string = DebugMode
+var DefaultWriter = colorable.NewColorableStdout()
+var ginMode int = debugCode
+var modeName string = DebugMode
 
 func init() {
 	value := os.Getenv(GIN_MODE)
@@ -37,27 +39,17 @@ func init() {
 func SetMode(value string) {
 	switch value {
 	case DebugMode:
-		gin_mode = debugCode
+		ginMode = debugCode
 	case ReleaseMode:
-		gin_mode = releaseCode
+		ginMode = releaseCode
 	case TestMode:
-		gin_mode = testCode
+		ginMode = testCode
 	default:
 		panic("gin mode unknown: " + value)
 	}
-	mode_name = value
+	modeName = value
 }
 
 func Mode() string {
-	return mode_name
-}
-
-func IsDebugging() bool {
-	return gin_mode == debugCode
-}
-
-func debugPrint(format string, values ...interface{}) {
-	if IsDebugging() {
-		fmt.Printf("[GIN-debug] "+format, values...)
-	}
+	return modeName
 }

recovery_test.go

@@ -22,13 +22,13 @@ func TestPanicInHandler(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 
 	// RUN
-	w := PerformRequest(r, "GET", "/recovery")
+	w := performRequest(r, "GET", "/recovery")
 
 	// restore logging
 	log.SetOutput(os.Stderr)
 
 	if w.Code != 500 {
-		t.Errorf("Response code should be Internal Server Error, was: %s", w.Code)
+		t.Errorf("Response code should be Internal Server Error, was: %d", w.Code)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -44,13 +44,13 @@ func TestPanicWithAbort(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 
 	// RUN
-	w := PerformRequest(r, "GET", "/recovery")
+	w := performRequest(r, "GET", "/recovery")
 
 	// restore logging
 	log.SetOutput(os.Stderr)
 
 	// TEST
 	if w.Code != 500 {
-		t.Errorf("Response code should be Bad request, was: %s", w.Code)
+		t.Errorf("Response code should be Bad request, was: %d", w.Code)
 	}
 }

render/html_debug.go

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// Copyright 2014 Manu Martinez-Almeida.  All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a MIT style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package render
+
+import (
+	"html/template"
+	"net/http"
+)
+
+type HTMLDebugRender struct {
+	Files []string
+	Glob  string
+}
+
+func (r *HTMLDebugRender) Render(w http.ResponseWriter, code int, data ...interface{}) error {
+	WriteHeader(w, code, "text/html")
+	file := data[0].(string)
+	obj := data[1]
+
+	if t, err := r.newTemplate(); err == nil {
+		return t.ExecuteTemplate(w, file, obj)
+	} else {
+		return err
+	}
+}
+
+func (r *HTMLDebugRender) newTemplate() (*template.Template, error) {
+	t := template.New("")
+	if len(r.Files) > 0 {
+		if _, err := t.ParseFiles(r.Files...); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+	if len(r.Glob) > 0 {
+		if _, err := t.ParseGlob(r.Glob); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+	return t, nil
+}

render/render.go

@@ -17,124 +17,112 @@ type (
 		Render(http.ResponseWriter, int, ...interface{}) error
 	}
 
-	// JSON binding
 	jsonRender struct{}
 
-	// XML binding
+	indentedJSON struct{}
+
 	xmlRender struct{}
 
-	// Plain text
-	plainRender struct{}
+	plainTextRender struct{}
 
-	// HTML Plain text
 	htmlPlainRender struct{}
 
-	// Redirects
 	redirectRender struct{}
 
-	// Redirects
-	htmlDebugRender struct {
-		files []string
-		globs []string
-	}
-
-	// form binding
 	HTMLRender struct {
 		Template *template.Template
 	}
 )
 
 var (
-	JSON      = jsonRender{}
-	XML       = xmlRender{}
-	Plain     = plainRender{}
-	HTMLPlain = htmlPlainRender{}
-	Redirect  = redirectRender{}
-	HTMLDebug = &htmlDebugRender{}
+	JSON         = jsonRender{}
+	IndentedJSON = indentedJSON{}
+	XML          = xmlRender{}
+	HTMLPlain    = htmlPlainRender{}
+	Plain        = plainTextRender{}
+	Redirect     = redirectRender{}
 )
 
-func writeHeader(w http.ResponseWriter, code int, contentType string) {
-	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", contentType+"; charset=utf-8")
-	w.WriteHeader(code)
-}
-
-func (_ jsonRender) Render(w http.ResponseWriter, code int, data ...interface{}) error {
-	writeHeader(w, code, "application/json")
-	encoder := json.NewEncoder(w)
-	return encoder.Encode(data[0])
-}
-
 func (_ redirectRender) Render(w http.ResponseWriter, code int, data ...interface{}) error {
-	w.Header().Set("Location", data[0].(string))
-	w.WriteHeader(code)
+	req := data[0].(*http.Request)
+	location := data[1].(string)
+	http.Redirect(w, req, location, code)
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (_ jsonRender) Render(w http.ResponseWriter, code int, data ...interface{}) error {
+	WriteHeader(w, code, "application/json")
+	return json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(data[0])
+}
+
+func (_ indentedJSON) Render(w http.ResponseWriter, code int, data ...interface{}) error {
+	WriteHeader(w, code, "application/json")
+	jsonData, err := json.MarshalIndent(data[0], "", "    ")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	_, err = w.Write(jsonData)
+	return err
+}
+
 func (_ xmlRender) Render(w http.ResponseWriter, code int, data ...interface{}) error {
-	writeHeader(w, code, "application/xml")
-	encoder := xml.NewEncoder(w)
-	return encoder.Encode(data[0])
+	WriteHeader(w, code, "application/xml")
+	return xml.NewEncoder(w).Encode(data[0])
 }
 
-func (_ plainRender) Render(w http.ResponseWriter, code int, data ...interface{}) error {
-	writeHeader(w, code, "text/plain")
+func (_ plainTextRender) Render(w http.ResponseWriter, code int, data ...interface{}) (err error) {
+	WriteHeader(w, code, "text/plain")
 	format := data[0].(string)
 	args := data[1].([]interface{})
-	var err error
 	if len(args) > 0 {
 		_, err = w.Write([]byte(fmt.Sprintf(format, args...)))
 	} else {
 		_, err = w.Write([]byte(format))
 	}
-	return err
+	return
 }
 
-func (_ htmlPlainRender) Render(w http.ResponseWriter, code int, data ...interface{}) error {
-	writeHeader(w, code, "text/html")
+func (_ htmlPlainRender) Render(w http.ResponseWriter, code int, data ...interface{}) (err error) {
+	WriteHeader(w, code, "text/html")
 	format := data[0].(string)
 	args := data[1].([]interface{})
-	var err error
 	if len(args) > 0 {
 		_, err = w.Write([]byte(fmt.Sprintf(format, args...)))
 	} else {
 		_, err = w.Write([]byte(format))
 	}
-	return err
-}
-
-func (r *htmlDebugRender) AddGlob(pattern string) {
-	r.globs = append(r.globs, pattern)
-}
-
-func (r *htmlDebugRender) AddFiles(files ...string) {
-	r.files = append(r.files, files...)
-}
-
-func (r *htmlDebugRender) Render(w http.ResponseWriter, code int, data ...interface{}) error {
-	writeHeader(w, code, "text/html")
-	file := data[0].(string)
-	obj := data[1]
-
-	t := template.New("")
-
-	if len(r.files) > 0 {
-		if _, err := t.ParseFiles(r.files...); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-
-	for _, glob := range r.globs {
-		if _, err := t.ParseGlob(glob); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-
-	return t.ExecuteTemplate(w, file, obj)
+	return
 }
 
 func (html HTMLRender) Render(w http.ResponseWriter, code int, data ...interface{}) error {
-	writeHeader(w, code, "text/html")
+	WriteHeader(w, code, "text/html")
 	file := data[0].(string)
-	obj := data[1]
-	return html.Template.ExecuteTemplate(w, file, obj)
+	args := data[1]
+	return html.Template.ExecuteTemplate(w, file, args)
+}
+
+func WriteHeader(w http.ResponseWriter, code int, contentType string) {
+	contentType = joinStrings(contentType, "; charset=utf-8")
+	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", contentType)
+	w.WriteHeader(code)
+}
+
+func joinStrings(a ...string) string {
+	if len(a) == 0 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	if len(a) == 1 {
+		return a[0]
+	}
+	n := 0
+	for i := 0; i < len(a); i++ {
+		n += len(a[i])
+	}
+
+	b := make([]byte, n)
+	n = 0
+	for _, s := range a {
+		n += copy(b[n:], s)
+	}
+	return string(b)
 }

response_writer.go

@@ -6,14 +6,14 @@ package gin
 
 import (
 	"bufio"
-	"errors"
 	"log"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
 )
 
 const (
-	NoWritten = -1
+	noWritten     = -1
+	defaultStatus = 200
 )
 
 type (
@@ -31,15 +31,15 @@ type (
 
 	responseWriter struct {
 		http.ResponseWriter
-		status int
 		size   int
+		status int
 	}
 )
 
 func (w *responseWriter) reset(writer http.ResponseWriter) {
 	w.ResponseWriter = writer
-	w.status = 200
-	w.size = NoWritten
+	w.size = noWritten
+	w.status = defaultStatus
 }
 
 func (w *responseWriter) WriteHeader(code int) {
@@ -74,16 +74,13 @@ func (w *responseWriter) Size() int {
 }
 
 func (w *responseWriter) Written() bool {
-	return w.size != NoWritten
+	return w.size != noWritten
 }
 
 // Implements the http.Hijacker interface
 func (w *responseWriter) Hijack() (net.Conn, *bufio.ReadWriter, error) {
-	hijacker, ok := w.ResponseWriter.(http.Hijacker)
-	if !ok {
-		return nil, nil, errors.New("the ResponseWriter doesn't support the Hijacker interface")
-	}
-	return hijacker.Hijack()
+	w.size = 0 // this prevents Gin to write the HTTP headers
+	return w.ResponseWriter.(http.Hijacker).Hijack()
 }
 
 // Implements the http.CloseNotify interface
@@ -93,8 +90,5 @@ func (w *responseWriter) CloseNotify() <-chan bool {
 
 // Implements the http.Flush interface
 func (w *responseWriter) Flush() {
-	flusher, ok := w.ResponseWriter.(http.Flusher)
-	if ok {
-		flusher.Flush()
-	}
+	w.ResponseWriter.(http.Flusher).Flush()
 }

routergroup.go

@@ -5,9 +5,10 @@
 package gin
 
 import (
-	"github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter"
 	"net/http"
 	"path"
+
+	"github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter"
 )
 
 // Used internally to configure router, a RouterGroup is associated with a prefix
@@ -46,11 +47,7 @@ func (group *RouterGroup) Group(relativePath string, handlers ...HandlerFunc) *R
 func (group *RouterGroup) Handle(httpMethod, relativePath string, handlers []HandlerFunc) {
 	absolutePath := group.calculateAbsolutePath(relativePath)
 	handlers = group.combineHandlers(handlers)
-	if IsDebugging() {
-		nuHandlers := len(handlers)
-		handlerName := nameOfFunction(handlers[nuHandlers-1])
-		debugPrint("%-5s %-25s --> %s (%d handlers)\n", httpMethod, absolutePath, handlerName, nuHandlers)
-	}
+	debugRoute(httpMethod, absolutePath, handlers)
 
 	group.engine.router.Handle(httpMethod, absolutePath, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, params httprouter.Params) {
 		context := group.engine.createContext(w, req, params, handlers)
@@ -114,11 +111,11 @@ func (group *RouterGroup) UNLINK(relativePath string, handlers ...HandlerFunc) {
 func (group *RouterGroup) Static(relativePath, root string) {
 	absolutePath := group.calculateAbsolutePath(relativePath)
 	handler := group.createStaticHandler(absolutePath, root)
-	absolutePath = path.Join(absolutePath, "/*filepath")
+	relativePath = path.Join(relativePath, "/*filepath")
 
 	// Register GET and HEAD handlers
-	group.GET(absolutePath, handler)
-	group.HEAD(absolutePath, handler)
+	group.GET(relativePath, handler)
+	group.HEAD(relativePath, handler)
 }
 
 func (group *RouterGroup) createStaticHandler(absolutePath, root string) func(*Context) {

routes_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,332 @@
+// Copyright 2014 Manu Martinez-Almeida.  All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a MIT style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package gin
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"os"
+	"path"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func performRequest(r http.Handler, method, path string) *httptest.ResponseRecorder {
+	req, _ := http.NewRequest(method, path, nil)
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+	return w
+}
+
+func testRouteOK(method string, t *testing.T) {
+	// SETUP
+	passed := false
+	r := New()
+	r.Handle(method, "/test", []HandlerFunc{func(c *Context) {
+		passed = true
+	}})
+	// RUN
+	w := performRequest(r, method, "/test")
+
+	// TEST
+	assert.True(t, passed)
+	assert.Equal(t, w.Code, http.StatusOK)
+}
+
+// TestSingleRouteOK tests that POST route is correctly invoked.
+func testRouteNotOK(method string, t *testing.T) {
+	// SETUP
+	passed := false
+	router := New()
+	router.Handle(method, "/test_2", []HandlerFunc{func(c *Context) {
+		passed = true
+	}})
+
+	// RUN
+	w := performRequest(router, method, "/test")
+
+	// TEST
+	assert.False(t, passed)
+	assert.Equal(t, w.Code, http.StatusNotFound)
+}
+
+// TestSingleRouteOK tests that POST route is correctly invoked.
+func testRouteNotOK2(method string, t *testing.T) {
+	// SETUP
+	passed := false
+	router := New()
+	var methodRoute string
+	if method == "POST" {
+		methodRoute = "GET"
+	} else {
+		methodRoute = "POST"
+	}
+	router.Handle(methodRoute, "/test", []HandlerFunc{func(c *Context) {
+		passed = true
+	}})
+
+	// RUN
+	w := performRequest(router, method, "/test")
+
+	// TEST
+	assert.False(t, passed)
+	assert.Equal(t, w.Code, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed)
+}
+
+func TestRouterGroupRouteOK(t *testing.T) {
+	testRouteOK("POST", t)
+	testRouteOK("DELETE", t)
+	testRouteOK("PATCH", t)
+	testRouteOK("PUT", t)
+	testRouteOK("OPTIONS", t)
+	testRouteOK("HEAD", t)
+}
+
+// TestSingleRouteOK tests that POST route is correctly invoked.
+func TestRouteNotOK(t *testing.T) {
+	testRouteNotOK("POST", t)
+	testRouteNotOK("DELETE", t)
+	testRouteNotOK("PATCH", t)
+	testRouteNotOK("PUT", t)
+	testRouteNotOK("OPTIONS", t)
+	testRouteNotOK("HEAD", t)
+}
+
+// TestSingleRouteOK tests that POST route is correctly invoked.
+func TestRouteNotOK2(t *testing.T) {
+	testRouteNotOK2("POST", t)
+	testRouteNotOK2("DELETE", t)
+	testRouteNotOK2("PATCH", t)
+	testRouteNotOK2("PUT", t)
+	testRouteNotOK2("OPTIONS", t)
+	testRouteNotOK2("HEAD", t)
+}
+
+// TestHandleStaticFile - ensure the static file handles properly
+func TestHandleStaticFile(t *testing.T) {
+	// SETUP file
+	testRoot, _ := os.Getwd()
+	f, err := ioutil.TempFile(testRoot, "")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Error(err)
+	}
+	defer os.Remove(f.Name())
+	filePath := path.Join("/", path.Base(f.Name()))
+	f.WriteString("Gin Web Framework")
+	f.Close()
+
+	// SETUP gin
+	r := New()
+	r.Static("./", testRoot)
+
+	// RUN
+	w := performRequest(r, "GET", filePath)
+
+	// TEST
+	if w.Code != 200 {
+		t.Errorf("Response code should be 200, was: %d", w.Code)
+	}
+	if w.Body.String() != "Gin Web Framework" {
+		t.Errorf("Response should be test, was: %s", w.Body.String())
+	}
+	if w.HeaderMap.Get("Content-Type") != "text/plain; charset=utf-8" {
+		t.Errorf("Content-Type should be text/plain, was %s", w.HeaderMap.Get("Content-Type"))
+	}
+}
+
+// TestHandleStaticDir - ensure the root/sub dir handles properly
+func TestHandleStaticDir(t *testing.T) {
+	// SETUP
+	r := New()
+	r.Static("/", "./")
+
+	// RUN
+	w := performRequest(r, "GET", "/")
+
+	// TEST
+	bodyAsString := w.Body.String()
+	if w.Code != 200 {
+		t.Errorf("Response code should be 200, was: %d", w.Code)
+	}
+	if len(bodyAsString) == 0 {
+		t.Errorf("Got empty body instead of file tree")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(bodyAsString, "gin.go") {
+		t.Errorf("Can't find:`gin.go` in file tree: %s", bodyAsString)
+	}
+	if w.HeaderMap.Get("Content-Type") != "text/html; charset=utf-8" {
+		t.Errorf("Content-Type should be text/plain, was %s", w.HeaderMap.Get("Content-Type"))
+	}
+}
+
+// TestHandleHeadToDir - ensure the root/sub dir handles properly
+func TestHandleHeadToDir(t *testing.T) {
+	// SETUP
+	router := New()
+	router.Static("/", "./")
+
+	// RUN
+	w := performRequest(router, "HEAD", "/")
+
+	// TEST
+	bodyAsString := w.Body.String()
+	assert.Equal(t, w.Code, 200)
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, bodyAsString)
+	assert.Contains(t, bodyAsString, "gin.go")
+	assert.Equal(t, w.HeaderMap.Get("Content-Type"), "text/html; charset=utf-8")
+}
+
+func TestContextGeneralCase(t *testing.T) {
+	signature := ""
+	router := New()
+	router.Use(func(c *Context) {
+		signature += "A"
+		c.Next()
+		signature += "B"
+	})
+	router.Use(func(c *Context) {
+		signature += "C"
+	})
+	router.GET("/", func(c *Context) {
+		signature += "D"
+	})
+	router.NoRoute(func(c *Context) {
+		signature += "X"
+	})
+	router.NoMethod(func(c *Context) {
+		signature += "X"
+	})
+	// RUN
+	w := performRequest(router, "GET", "/")
+
+	// TEST
+	assert.Equal(t, w.Code, 200)
+	assert.Equal(t, signature, "ACDB")
+}
+
+// TestBadAbortHandlersChain - ensure that Abort after switch context will not interrupt pending handlers
+func TestContextNextOrder(t *testing.T) {
+	signature := ""
+	router := New()
+	router.Use(func(c *Context) {
+		signature += "A"
+		c.Next()
+		signature += "B"
+	})
+	router.Use(func(c *Context) {
+		signature += "C"
+		c.Next()
+		signature += "D"
+	})
+	router.NoRoute(func(c *Context) {
+		signature += "E"
+		c.Next()
+		signature += "F"
+	}, func(c *Context) {
+		signature += "G"
+		c.Next()
+		signature += "H"
+	})
+	// RUN
+	w := performRequest(router, "GET", "/")
+
+	// TEST
+	assert.Equal(t, w.Code, 404)
+	assert.Equal(t, signature, "ACEGHFDB")
+}
+
+// TestAbortHandlersChain - ensure that Abort interrupt used middlewares in fifo order
+func TestAbortHandlersChain(t *testing.T) {
+	signature := ""
+	router := New()
+	router.Use(func(c *Context) {
+		signature += "A"
+	})
+	router.Use(func(c *Context) {
+		signature += "C"
+		c.AbortWithStatus(409)
+		c.Next()
+		signature += "D"
+	})
+	router.GET("/", func(c *Context) {
+		signature += "D"
+		c.Next()
+		signature += "E"
+	})
+
+	// RUN
+	w := performRequest(router, "GET", "/")
+
+	// TEST
+	assert.Equal(t, signature, "ACD")
+	assert.Equal(t, w.Code, 409)
+}
+
+func TestAbortHandlersChainAndNext(t *testing.T) {
+	signature := ""
+	router := New()
+	router.Use(func(c *Context) {
+		signature += "A"
+		c.AbortWithStatus(410)
+		c.Next()
+		signature += "B"
+
+	})
+	router.GET("/", func(c *Context) {
+		signature += "C"
+		c.Next()
+	})
+	// RUN
+	w := performRequest(router, "GET", "/")
+
+	// TEST
+	assert.Equal(t, signature, "AB")
+	assert.Equal(t, w.Code, 410)
+}
+
+// TestContextParamsGet tests that a parameter can be parsed from the URL.
+func TestContextParamsByName(t *testing.T) {
+	name := ""
+	lastName := ""
+	router := New()
+	router.GET("/test/:name/:last_name", func(c *Context) {
+		name = c.Params.ByName("name")
+		lastName = c.Params.ByName("last_name")
+	})
+	// RUN
+	w := performRequest(router, "GET", "/test/john/smith")
+
+	// TEST
+	assert.Equal(t, w.Code, 200)
+	assert.Equal(t, name, "john")
+	assert.Equal(t, lastName, "smith")
+}
+
+// TestFailHandlersChain - ensure that Fail interrupt used middlewares in fifo order as
+// as well as Abort
+func TestFailHandlersChain(t *testing.T) {
+	// SETUP
+	var stepsPassed int = 0
+	r := New()
+	r.Use(func(context *Context) {
+		stepsPassed += 1
+		context.Fail(500, errors.New("foo"))
+	})
+	r.Use(func(context *Context) {
+		stepsPassed += 1
+		context.Next()
+		stepsPassed += 1
+	})
+	// RUN
+	w := performRequest(r, "GET", "/")
+
+	// TEST
+	assert.Equal(t, w.Code, 500, "Response code should be Server error, was: %d", w.Code)
+	assert.Equal(t, stepsPassed, 1, "Falied to switch context in handler function: %d", stepsPassed)
+}

utils.go

@@ -56,17 +56,20 @@ func chooseData(custom, wildcard interface{}) interface{} {
 	return custom
 }
 
-func parseAccept(accept string) []string {
-	parts := strings.Split(accept, ",")
-	for i, part := range parts {
+func parseAccept(acceptHeader string) []string {
+	parts := strings.Split(acceptHeader, ",")
+	out := make([]string, 0, len(parts))
+	for _, part := range parts {
 		index := strings.IndexByte(part, ';')
 		if index >= 0 {
 			part = part[0:index]
 		}
 		part = strings.TrimSpace(part)
-		parts[i] = part
+		if len(part) > 0 {
+			out = append(out, part)
+		}
 	}
-	return parts
+	return out
 }
 
 func lastChar(str string) uint8 {