"""
This script performs DDIM inversion for video frames using a pre-trained model and generates
a video reconstruction based on a provided prompt. It utilizes the CogVideoX pipeline to
process video frames, apply the DDIM inverse scheduler, and produce an output video.

Usage:
    python script.py --model-path /path/to/model --prompt "a prompt" --video-path /path/to/video.mp4 --output-path /path/to/output

Author:
    LittleNyima <littlenyima[at]163[dot]com>
"""

import argparse
import math
import os
from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, TypedDict, Union, cast

import decord
import torch
import torch.nn.functional as F
import torchvision.transforms as T
from diffusers.models.attention_processor import Attention, CogVideoXAttnProcessor2_0
from diffusers.models.autoencoders import AutoencoderKLCogVideoX
from diffusers.models.embeddings import apply_rotary_emb
from diffusers.models.transformers.cogvideox_transformer_3d import CogVideoXBlock, CogVideoXTransformer3DModel
from diffusers.pipelines.cogvideo.pipeline_cogvideox import CogVideoXPipeline, retrieve_timesteps
from diffusers.schedulers import CogVideoXDDIMScheduler, DDIMInverseScheduler
from diffusers.utils import export_to_video


class DDIMInversionArguments(TypedDict):
    model_path: str
    prompt: str
    video_path: str
    output_path: str
    guidance_scale: float
    num_inference_steps: int
    skip_frames_start: int
    skip_frames_end: int
    frame_sample_step: Optional[int]
    max_num_frames: int
    width: int
    height: int
    fps: int
    dtype: torch.dtype
    seed: int
    device: torch.device


def get_args() -> DDIMInversionArguments:
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()

    parser.add_argument("--model-path", type=str, required=True, help="Path of the pretrained model")
    parser.add_argument("--prompt", type=str, required=True, help="Prompt for the direct sample procedure")
    parser.add_argument("--video-path", type=str, required=True, help="Path of the video for inversion")
    parser.add_argument("--output-path", type=str, default="output", help="Path of the output videos")
    parser.add_argument("--guidance-scale", type=float, default=6.0, help="Classifier-free guidance scale")
    parser.add_argument("--num-inference-steps", type=int, default=50, help="Number of inference steps")
    parser.add_argument("--skip-frames-start", type=int, default=0, help="Number of skipped frames from the start")
    parser.add_argument("--skip-frames-end", type=int, default=0, help="Number of skipped frames from the end")
    parser.add_argument("--frame-sample-step", type=int, default=None, help="Temporal stride of the sampled frames")
    parser.add_argument("--max-num-frames", type=int, default=81, help="Max number of sampled frames")
    parser.add_argument("--width", type=int, default=720, help="Resized width of the video frames")
    parser.add_argument("--height", type=int, default=480, help="Resized height of the video frames")
    parser.add_argument("--fps", type=int, default=8, help="Frame rate of the output videos")
    parser.add_argument("--dtype", type=str, default="bf16", choices=["bf16", "fp16"], help="Dtype of the model")
    parser.add_argument("--seed", type=int, default=42, help="Seed for the random number generator")
    parser.add_argument("--device", type=str, default="cuda", choices=["cuda", "cpu"], help="Device for inference")

    args = parser.parse_args()
    args.dtype = torch.bfloat16 if args.dtype == "bf16" else torch.float16
    args.device = torch.device(args.device)

    return DDIMInversionArguments(**vars(args))


class CogVideoXAttnProcessor2_0ForDDIMInversion(CogVideoXAttnProcessor2_0):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()

    def calculate_attention(
        self,
        query: torch.Tensor,
        key: torch.Tensor,
        value: torch.Tensor,
        attn: Attention,
        batch_size: int,
        image_seq_length: int,
        text_seq_length: int,
        attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor],
        image_rotary_emb: Optional[torch.Tensor],
    ) -> Tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]:
        inner_dim = key.shape[-1]
        head_dim = inner_dim // attn.heads

        query = query.view(batch_size, -1, attn.heads, head_dim).transpose(1, 2)
        key = key.view(batch_size, -1, attn.heads, head_dim).transpose(1, 2)
        value = value.view(batch_size, -1, attn.heads, head_dim).transpose(1, 2)

        if attn.norm_q is not None:
            query = attn.norm_q(query)
        if attn.norm_k is not None:
            key = attn.norm_k(key)

        # Apply RoPE if needed
        if image_rotary_emb is not None:
            query[:, :, text_seq_length:] = apply_rotary_emb(query[:, :, text_seq_length:], image_rotary_emb)
            if not attn.is_cross_attention:
                if key.size(2) == query.size(2):  # Attention for reference hidden states
                    key[:, :, text_seq_length:] = apply_rotary_emb(key[:, :, text_seq_length:], image_rotary_emb)
                else:  # RoPE should be applied to each group of image tokens
                    key[:, :, text_seq_length : text_seq_length + image_seq_length] = apply_rotary_emb(
                        key[:, :, text_seq_length : text_seq_length + image_seq_length], image_rotary_emb
                    )
                    key[:, :, text_seq_length * 2 + image_seq_length :] = apply_rotary_emb(
                        key[:, :, text_seq_length * 2 + image_seq_length :], image_rotary_emb
                    )

        hidden_states = F.scaled_dot_product_attention(
            query, key, value, attn_mask=attention_mask, dropout_p=0.0, is_causal=False
        )

        hidden_states = hidden_states.transpose(1, 2).reshape(batch_size, -1, attn.heads * head_dim)

        # linear proj
        hidden_states = attn.to_out[0](hidden_states)
        # dropout
        hidden_states = attn.to_out[1](hidden_states)

        encoder_hidden_states, hidden_states = hidden_states.split(
            [text_seq_length, hidden_states.size(1) - text_seq_length], dim=1
        )
        return hidden_states, encoder_hidden_states

    def __call__(
        self,
        attn: Attention,
        hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
        encoder_hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
        attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        image_rotary_emb: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
    ) -> Tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]:
        image_seq_length = hidden_states.size(1)
        text_seq_length = encoder_hidden_states.size(1)

        hidden_states = torch.cat([encoder_hidden_states, hidden_states], dim=1)

        batch_size, sequence_length, _ = (
            hidden_states.shape if encoder_hidden_states is None else encoder_hidden_states.shape
        )

        if attention_mask is not None:
            attention_mask = attn.prepare_attention_mask(attention_mask, sequence_length, batch_size)
            attention_mask = attention_mask.view(batch_size, attn.heads, -1, attention_mask.shape[-1])

        query = attn.to_q(hidden_states)
        key = attn.to_k(hidden_states)
        value = attn.to_v(hidden_states)

        query, query_reference = query.chunk(2)
        key, key_reference = key.chunk(2)
        value, value_reference = value.chunk(2)
        batch_size = batch_size // 2

        hidden_states, encoder_hidden_states = self.calculate_attention(
            query=query,
            key=torch.cat((key, key_reference), dim=1),
            value=torch.cat((value, value_reference), dim=1),
            attn=attn,
            batch_size=batch_size,
            image_seq_length=image_seq_length,
            text_seq_length=text_seq_length,
            attention_mask=attention_mask,
            image_rotary_emb=image_rotary_emb,
        )
        hidden_states_reference, encoder_hidden_states_reference = self.calculate_attention(
            query=query_reference,
            key=key_reference,
            value=value_reference,
            attn=attn,
            batch_size=batch_size,
            image_seq_length=image_seq_length,
            text_seq_length=text_seq_length,
            attention_mask=attention_mask,
            image_rotary_emb=image_rotary_emb,
        )

        return (
            torch.cat((hidden_states, hidden_states_reference)),
            torch.cat((encoder_hidden_states, encoder_hidden_states_reference)),
        )


class OverrideAttnProcessors:
    def __init__(self, transformer: CogVideoXTransformer3DModel):
        self.transformer = transformer
        self.original_processors = {}

    def __enter__(self):
        for block in self.transformer.transformer_blocks:
            block = cast(CogVideoXBlock, block)
            self.original_processors[id(block)] = block.attn1.get_processor()
            block.attn1.set_processor(CogVideoXAttnProcessor2_0ForDDIMInversion())

    def __exit__(self, _0, _1, _2):
        for block in self.transformer.transformer_blocks:
            block = cast(CogVideoXBlock, block)
            block.attn1.set_processor(self.original_processors[id(block)])


def get_video_frames(
    video_path: str,
    width: int,
    height: int,
    skip_frames_start: int,
    skip_frames_end: int,
    max_num_frames: int,
    frame_sample_step: Optional[int],
) -> torch.FloatTensor:
    with decord.bridge.use_torch():
        video_reader = decord.VideoReader(uri=video_path, width=width, height=height)
        video_num_frames = len(video_reader)
        start_frame = min(skip_frames_start, video_num_frames)
        end_frame = max(0, video_num_frames - skip_frames_end)

        if end_frame <= start_frame:
            indices = [start_frame]
        elif end_frame - start_frame <= max_num_frames:
            indices = list(range(start_frame, end_frame))
        else:
            step = frame_sample_step or (end_frame - start_frame) // max_num_frames
            indices = list(range(start_frame, end_frame, step))

        frames = video_reader.get_batch(indices=indices)
        frames = frames[:max_num_frames].float()  # ensure that we don't go over the limit

        # Choose first (4k + 1) frames as this is how many is required by the VAE
        selected_num_frames = frames.size(0)
        remainder = (3 + selected_num_frames) % 4
        if remainder != 0:
            frames = frames[:-remainder]
        assert frames.size(0) % 4 == 1

        # Normalize the frames
        transform = T.Lambda(lambda x: x / 255.0 * 2.0 - 1.0)
        frames = torch.stack(tuple(map(transform, frames)), dim=0)

        return frames.permute(0, 3, 1, 2).contiguous()  # [F, C, H, W]


def encode_video_frames(vae: AutoencoderKLCogVideoX, video_frames: torch.FloatTensor) -> torch.FloatTensor:
    video_frames = video_frames.to(device=vae.device, dtype=vae.dtype)
    video_frames = video_frames.unsqueeze(0).permute(0, 2, 1, 3, 4)  # [B, C, F, H, W]
    latent_dist = vae.encode(x=video_frames).latent_dist.sample().transpose(1, 2)
    return latent_dist * vae.config.scaling_factor


def export_latents_to_video(pipeline: CogVideoXPipeline, latents: torch.FloatTensor, video_path: str, fps: int):
    video = pipeline.decode_latents(latents)
    frames = pipeline.video_processor.postprocess_video(video=video, output_type="pil")
    export_to_video(video_frames=frames[0], output_video_path=video_path, fps=fps)


# Modified from CogVideoXPipeline.__call__
def sample(
    pipeline: CogVideoXPipeline,
    latents: torch.FloatTensor,
    scheduler: Union[DDIMInverseScheduler, CogVideoXDDIMScheduler],
    prompt: Optional[Union[str, List[str]]] = None,
    negative_prompt: Optional[Union[str, List[str]]] = None,
    num_inference_steps: int = 50,
    guidance_scale: float = 6,
    use_dynamic_cfg: bool = False,
    eta: float = 0.0,
    generator: Optional[Union[torch.Generator, List[torch.Generator]]] = None,
    attention_kwargs: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
    reference_latents: torch.FloatTensor = None,
) -> torch.FloatTensor:
    pipeline._guidance_scale = guidance_scale
    pipeline._attention_kwargs = attention_kwargs
    pipeline._interrupt = False

    device = pipeline._execution_device

    # here `guidance_scale` is defined analog to the guidance weight `w` of equation (2)
    # of the Imagen paper: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2205.11487.pdf . `guidance_scale = 1`
    # corresponds to doing no classifier free guidance.
    do_classifier_free_guidance = guidance_scale > 1.0

    # 3. Encode input prompt
    prompt_embeds, negative_prompt_embeds = pipeline.encode_prompt(
        prompt,
        negative_prompt,
        do_classifier_free_guidance,
        device=device,
    )
    if do_classifier_free_guidance:
        prompt_embeds = torch.cat([negative_prompt_embeds, prompt_embeds], dim=0)
    if reference_latents is not None:
        prompt_embeds = torch.cat([prompt_embeds] * 2, dim=0)

    # 4. Prepare timesteps
    timesteps, num_inference_steps = retrieve_timesteps(scheduler, num_inference_steps, device)
    pipeline._num_timesteps = len(timesteps)

    # 5. Prepare latents.
    latents = latents.to(device=device) * scheduler.init_noise_sigma

    # 6. Prepare extra step kwargs. TODO: Logic should ideally just be moved out of the pipeline
    extra_step_kwargs = pipeline.prepare_extra_step_kwargs(generator, eta)
    if isinstance(scheduler, DDIMInverseScheduler):  # Inverse scheduler does not accept extra kwargs
        extra_step_kwargs = {}

    # 7. Create rotary embeds if required
    image_rotary_emb = (
        pipeline._prepare_rotary_positional_embeddings(
            height=latents.size(3) * pipeline.vae_scale_factor_spatial,
            width=latents.size(4) * pipeline.vae_scale_factor_spatial,
            num_frames=latents.size(1),
            device=device,
        )
        if pipeline.transformer.config.use_rotary_positional_embeddings
        else None
    )

    # 8. Denoising loop
    num_warmup_steps = max(len(timesteps) - num_inference_steps * scheduler.order, 0)

    trajectory = torch.zeros_like(latents).unsqueeze(0).repeat(len(timesteps), 1, 1, 1, 1, 1)
    with pipeline.progress_bar(total=num_inference_steps) as progress_bar:
        for i, t in enumerate(timesteps):
            if pipeline.interrupt:
                continue

            latent_model_input = torch.cat([latents] * 2) if do_classifier_free_guidance else latents
            if reference_latents is not None:
                reference = reference_latents[i]
                reference = torch.cat([reference] * 2) if do_classifier_free_guidance else reference
                latent_model_input = torch.cat([latent_model_input, reference], dim=0)
            latent_model_input = scheduler.scale_model_input(latent_model_input, t)

            # broadcast to batch dimension in a way that's compatible with ONNX/Core ML
            timestep = t.expand(latent_model_input.shape[0])

            # predict noise model_output
            noise_pred = pipeline.transformer(
                hidden_states=latent_model_input,
                encoder_hidden_states=prompt_embeds,
                timestep=timestep,
                image_rotary_emb=image_rotary_emb,
                attention_kwargs=attention_kwargs,
                return_dict=False,
            )[0]
            noise_pred = noise_pred.float()

            if reference_latents is not None:  # Recover the original batch size
                noise_pred, _ = noise_pred.chunk(2)

            # perform guidance
            if use_dynamic_cfg:
                pipeline._guidance_scale = 1 + guidance_scale * (
                    (1 - math.cos(math.pi * ((num_inference_steps - t.item()) / num_inference_steps) ** 5.0)) / 2
                )
            if do_classifier_free_guidance:
                noise_pred_uncond, noise_pred_text = noise_pred.chunk(2)
                noise_pred = noise_pred_uncond + pipeline.guidance_scale * (noise_pred_text - noise_pred_uncond)

            # compute the noisy sample x_t-1 -> x_t
            latents = scheduler.step(noise_pred, t, latents, **extra_step_kwargs, return_dict=False)[0]
            latents = latents.to(prompt_embeds.dtype)
            trajectory[i] = latents

            if i == len(timesteps) - 1 or ((i + 1) > num_warmup_steps and (i + 1) % scheduler.order == 0):
                progress_bar.update()

    # Offload all models
    pipeline.maybe_free_model_hooks()

    return trajectory


@torch.no_grad()
def ddim_inversion(
    model_path: str,
    prompt: str,
    video_path: str,
    output_path: str,
    guidance_scale: float,
    num_inference_steps: int,
    skip_frames_start: int,
    skip_frames_end: int,
    frame_sample_step: Optional[int],
    max_num_frames: int,
    width: int,
    height: int,
    fps: int,
    dtype: torch.dtype,
    seed: int,
    device: torch.device,
):
    pipeline: CogVideoXPipeline = CogVideoXPipeline.from_pretrained(model_path, torch_dtype=dtype).to(device=device)
    video_frames = get_video_frames(
        video_path=video_path,
        width=width,
        height=height,
        skip_frames_start=skip_frames_start,
        skip_frames_end=skip_frames_end,
        max_num_frames=max_num_frames,
        frame_sample_step=frame_sample_step,
    ).to(device=device)
    video_latents = encode_video_frames(vae=pipeline.vae, video_frames=video_frames)
    inverse_scheduler = DDIMInverseScheduler(**pipeline.scheduler.config)
    inverse_latents = sample(
        pipeline=pipeline,
        latents=video_latents,
        scheduler=inverse_scheduler,
        prompt="",
        num_inference_steps=num_inference_steps,
        guidance_scale=guidance_scale,
        generator=torch.Generator(device=device).manual_seed(seed),
    )
    with OverrideAttnProcessors(transformer=pipeline.transformer):
        recon_latents = sample(
            pipeline=pipeline,
            latents=torch.randn_like(video_latents),
            scheduler=pipeline.scheduler,
            prompt=prompt,
            num_inference_steps=num_inference_steps,
            guidance_scale=guidance_scale,
            generator=torch.Generator(device=device).manual_seed(seed),
            reference_latents=reversed(inverse_latents),
        )
    filename, _ = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(video_path))
    inverse_video_path = os.path.join(output_path, f"{filename}_inversion.mp4")
    recon_video_path = os.path.join(output_path, f"{filename}_reconstruction.mp4")
    export_latents_to_video(pipeline, inverse_latents[-1], inverse_video_path, fps)
    export_latents_to_video(pipeline, recon_latents[-1], recon_video_path, fps)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    arguments = get_args()
    ddim_inversion(**arguments)